三层倾斜层的K型地电断面直流电测深的正,反演问题

本文研究以往的三层水平层的定量解释方法(量板解释法),结果表明,利用三层水平层的定量反演方法来解释三层倾斜各层界面的埋深引起较大误差。笔者通过三层倾斜层的数学模型的各种参数进行大量的电测深正演计算,并对K型三层倾斜层的定量反演问题进行了探讨,提出对三层倾斜层K型地电断面的一种新解释方法—β曲线量板解释法。该方法解释结果,其精度比水平量板法解释法要高。     

巷道层测深理论曲线数值模拟及资料解释方法

建立了层测深理论曲线正常规模拟的数学模型，结合三层和四层地电模型层测深视电阻及视电阻率理论曲线的正演计算，研究了层测深曲线特征和解释方法，同时介绍了煤矿井下层测深法的应用实例。     

水平层覆盖下直立岩层电测深ρs曲线的计算方法

本文讨论了当布极方向平行水平层覆盖下的直立岩层走向时,其视电阻率测深理论曲线的正演计算方法,以及某些地电断面的ρ3测深曲线的特征和量值规律。      

激发极化法异常特征分析及应用研究

基于有限差分正演模拟法,针对实际工作中具代表性的水平板状体及倾斜板状体进行正演模拟。分析总结了激电异常一维测深曲线、二维地电断面变化规律,进一步引入方向导数分析异常体边界响应特征。通过上述工作,获得了相对于异常体不同位置处测深点曲线类型及幅值的变化,总结了二维地电断面异常体与视电阻率、视极化率变化特征的对应关系,通过方向导数进一步提取异常体规模、产状信息,特别是避免了异常体下方陡立条带状异常错误解释为陡立带状异常体的假象,还原了异常体的真实形态。结合工作实例,成果具有较好的指导意义和价值。     

激发极化法异常特征分析及应用研究

基于有限差分正演模拟法,针对实际工作中具代表性的水平板状体及倾斜板状体进行正演模拟。分析总结了激电异常一维测深曲线、二维地电断面变化规律,进一步引入方向导数分析异常体边界响应特征。通过上述工作,获得了相对于异常体不同位置处测深点曲线类型及幅值的变化,总结了二维地电断面异常体与视电阻率、视极化率变化特征的对应关系,通过方向导数进一步提取异常体规模、产状信息,特别是避免了异常体下方陡立条带状异常错误解释为陡立带状异常体的假象,还原了异常体的真实形态。结合工作实例,成果具有较好的指导意义和价值。     

水平多层电测深的计算机正演解释和应用

水平层状介质的直流电阻率测深理论早在二十年代就已建立,但直到六十年代出版的量板仍以二、三层曲线为主.多层曲线只能借助三层或二层量板再加辅助量板图解来进行解释,方法繁琐,使用效果不能令人满意.六十年代后期,国外开始利用电子计算机解释电测深实测结果.国内只是在1976年以后才予以注意.有些单位也取得了一些结果.这种方法的实质是,用最优化方法对输入的实测曲线进行反演自动解释,要求实测曲线误差小、圆滑、利用前支能外推ρ_1,用后支能估计ρ_N.然而实测曲线往往不易达到这些要求.如果对曲线作过份的人为处理,又必然混入较大的误差信息,影响解释的正确性.本文介绍正演解释方法原理、编制程序及其实际应用.     

基于粒子群算法的GPR与电测深共同反演及等值现象消除

电测深曲线的同层等值现象普遍存在于观测误差范围内,地电断面的模型参数不同,而对应的电测深曲线却完全相同,给层状介质的电测深反演带来极大困扰。为消除电测深中等值现象,如实反映层状介质的各层电性参数、厚度等信息,这里提出一种改进的多种群粒子群反演算法,增加同等模型下包含探地雷达几何参数信息的新全局极值点,实现电性参数与几何参数的共同反演,消除单一电测深曲线的S等值现象。通过H型和A型三层电测深曲线的S等值现象数值算例,并将改进的多种群粒子群反演结果与标准粒子群进行了分析和对比。结果表明,加载了探地雷达几何参数信息的改进型多种群粒子群算法,能有效地消除等值现象,更准确地反演出地电模型的各层电性参数和几何参数。     

电测深曲线的数字滤波计算法

在实际工作中,对水平层状介质地电断面上的电测深曲线的正演研究,往往是通过步骤繁琐。精度低和人为误差大的图解构组法来完成。近年来,随着电法数字处理理论的研究和计算技术的迅速发展,开始采用线性数字滤波的方法用电子计算机计算各种类型的电测深曲线,并已取得了相当理想的效果。但是,由于野外条件的限制,需要有一种能采用简单手工计算正演电测深曲线的方法,以取代图解构组法。本文介绍两种利用不同滤波系数电测深曲线数字滤波计算法。      

矿井层测深三维地电体异常规律研究

依据电磁场理论，构建地电模型，利用有限差分对矿井三维地电异常体进行数值模拟，得到异常体在电阻率不同、至巷道距离不同、及测点不同情况下的层测深曲线，并对其分布规律进行分析研究。通过模拟矿井三维地质异常体地电异常响应特征，并与井下实测层测深曲线对比和分析，论证了矿井三维地电体数值模拟的正确性。     

电阻率测深正反演交互解释系统

本文对应用Ｋｏｅｆｏｅｄ法自动直接解释电测深曲线中的数据采集、归化采样值的计算、反演计算、正演计算、图象处理以及计算精度等问题作了讨论。研制了一套完整的电测深自动解释软件。     

Geoelectric section of the lithosphere in the central part of the Middle Amur sedimentary basin (Far East) based on the magnetotelluric sounding data

Results of magnetotelluric soundings (MTS) along the profile plotted across the strike of the Middle Amur sedimentary basin are considered. The results of field studies are analyzed and different factors influencing the behavior of sounding curves are discussed. A reference curve and reference geoelectric section selected on the basis of the previous MTS works within the Middle Amur depression allowed us to compensate for the influence of different geoelectric inhomogeneities and construct a starting model for two-dimensional mathematical modeling based on the field data. As a result, a geoelectric model of the lithosphere structure in the Middle Amur sedimentary basin across its strike was compiled.     

小角度成层倾斜场地动力响应分析的大型振动台试验研究

基于大型振动台试验,研究小角度成层倾斜场地在倾向、走向、垂向、坡面方向、坡面垂直方向上的地震动响应特征,以及地层倾角对场地反应谱的影响规律。试验结果表明：在倾向方向,随着地层倾角的增大,倾斜场地的放大效应增大;在走向方向,当地层倾角小于12.5°时,放大效应强于水平成层场地;在倾向、走向方向,当地层倾角达到12.5°时,场地对反应谱短周期T≤0.1 s部分具有放大作用,对T＞0.1 s的部分具有削弱作用;在垂向方向,随着地层倾角的增加,倾斜场地的放大效应强于水平成层场地;在坡面方向,倾斜场地的放大效应弱于水平成层场地;在坡面垂向方向,倾斜场地的放大效应强于水平成层场地。该研究成果对小角度成层倾斜场地上的建筑物抗震设计具有一定的参考意义。     

Use of vertical electrical soundings to delineate seawater intrusion in a coastal area of Byunsan,Korea

To delineate spatial extent of seawater intrusion in a small experimental watershed in the coastal area of Byunsan, Korea, electrical resistivity surveys with some evaluation core drillings and chemical analysis of groundwaters were conducted. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) method was applied, which is useful to identify variations in electrical characteristics of layered aquifers. The drilling logs identified a three-layered subsurface including reclamation soil, weathered layer and relatively fresh sedimentary bedrock. The upper two layers are the main water-bearing units in this area. A total of 30 electrical sounding curves corresponded mostly to the H type and they were further divided into three classes: highly conductive, intermediate, and low conductive, according to the observed resistivity values of the most conductive weathered layer. In addition, groundwater samples from 15 shallow monitoring wells were analyzed and thus grouped into two types based on HCO₃/Cl and Ca/Na molar ratios with TDS levels, which differentiated groundwaters affected by seawater intrusion from those not or less affected. According to relationships between the three classes of the sounding curves and groundwater chemistry, locations of the monitoring wells with low HCO₃/Cl and Ca/Na ionic ratios coincided with the area showing the highly conductive type curve, while those with the high ratios corresponded to the area showing low conductive curve type. Both the low electrical resistivity and the low ionic ratios indicated effects of seawater intrusion. From this study, it was demonstrated that the VES would be useful to delineate seawater intrusion in coastal areas.     

Geoelectric section of the crust and upper mantle of the northern Sikhote-Alin from magnetotelluric sounding data

Magnetotelluric soundings (MTS) were conducted in a broad frequency range of 10 kHz to 0.001 Hz at a total of fifty-seven sounding sites of the profile spaced 5 km apart and intersecting the northern Sikhote-Alin across the strike. The analysis of the obtained magnetotelluric parameters has been made which shows three-dimensional geoelectric nonuniformities in the lower crust and upper mantle. The MTS curve interpretation was carried out in the framework of a three-dimensional model. As a result of the inverse problem solution, the geoelectric section has been constructed down to 150 km depth. The section distinguishes the crust with a resistivity higher than 1000 Ohm m and variable thickness between 30 and 40 km which is consistent with deep seismic sounding (DSS) data. The crust is subdivided into four blocks by deep faults, and each block is characterized by a set of parameters. The data support the existence of the Vostochny deep fault in the study area, whereas, on the contrary, the deep roots for the Central Sikhote-Alin fault have not been established. The upper mantle structure is nonuniform; three low-resistivity zones are identified that coincide with the boundaries of crustal blocks. In the revealed zones, an increase in the resistivity is noted from the continent to the Tatar Strait coast. A high-resistivity layer of 300–400 Ohm m was observed in the coastal area, which was steeply dipping from the crustal base down to 120 km depth and extended beneath the continent. Based on a set of geological and geophysical data, the ancient subducting plate is suggested in this area, and the evolutionary model of the region is proposed starting from the Late Cretaceous. The most probable mechanism of conductivity within the upper mantle is determined from petrological and petrophysical data. The low resistivity values are linked to dry peridotite mantle melting.     

视纵向电导成像方法在矿井地质灾害调查中的应用

在对甘肃省2005年度科研项目“电磁成像系统存煤矿地质探测中的应用研究”的研究过程中,提出一种提高电法勘探分辨率及解释精度的方法-视纵向电导成像方法。该方法在计算纵向电导微分的基础上．进行视纵向电导微分成像。为验证其微分成像的应用效果,设计了低阻薄层（H2=3m）与低阻厚层（H2=30m）2个3层地电模型（参数为：ρ1=ρ3=100Ω·m,ρ2=10Ω·m,H1=100m）。通过计算分析,可以看出：无论是低阻薄层还是低阻厚层,与其地电模型界面对应位置,视纵向电导曲线存在明显转折点,视纵向电导微分成像图则可看出明显电性差异,而常规视电阻率曲线却难以解释低阻薄层。利用该方法与常规解释结合,对陕西某矿区进行采空区探测,共圈出东、西两块采空区．后经钻探验证,采空区边界范同和展布形态基本和解释结果相吻合,但比较两种解释方法,常规解释的范围较视纵向电导微分成像解释的范围要大,可见新方法的解释结果更加可靠。     

断层－充水溶洞上不同装置三维高密度电阻率法正演模拟响应特征分析

高阻碳酸盐岩中的低阻断层和充水溶洞是岩溶区地下水勘查的主要目标体。根据高阻中找低阻的原则,建立碳酸盐岩类裂隙溶洞水赋存模式的断层－溶洞地电模型,利用RES3D软件进行温纳、施伦贝格、偶极－偶极三种采集装置的正反演模拟计算,从三维反演结果、剖面、电测深曲线三个维度,对比分析不同装置下断层－溶洞目标体的地电响应特征和规律。结果显示:(1) 探测深度内,温纳、施伦贝格、偶极－偶极装置可有效识别断层及其上盘三倍于电极距规模的充水溶洞,无法分辨断层下盘二倍于电极距规模的充水溶洞;(2) 相同模型和观测条件下,偶极－偶极装置对目标体的识别能力最强,其三维反演结果可识别溶洞下边界,剖面中形成左凸低阻圈闭异常,不同测深点的曲线类型、拐点、极值点与模型设计最为贴近,且拐点对应岩性界面,极值点位于地质体的中心深度。该工作对野外观测方式的选取和地质解译有一定指导意义。      

测量磁场水平分量H y的电性源广域电磁测深法

基于层状大地表面水平电偶极源电磁场公式系统,提出了比值法获取H y分量全区视电阻率计算公式。计算了层状地电模型多个收发距的电磁场各场分量E x、H y、H z,并用这三个场分量计算了全区视电阻率,以及E x/H y卡尼亚电阻率,并与模型的MT卡尼亚电阻率频谱曲线进行对比。发现H y全区视电阻率在赤道装置和轴向装置的广大区域对地电模型均有较好的响应,可进行单分量广域电磁测深。轴向装置H y全区视电阻率与赤道装置垂直磁场H z全区视电阻率相似,在低频段与层状模型大地电磁测深卡尼亚电阻率有相似的频率响应特征,在较小收发距条件下对大埋深基底就能有较好的响应。赤道装置和轴向装置测量的水平电场E x分量全区视电阻率在低频区均会进入“饱和”区。对于各电阻率定义方法,合适的收发距是较好地反映出地电特征深度变化的前提,多收发距测量有利于揭示深部电性特征。     

近区组合波频域电磁测深视电阻率分析

双频组合波电磁测深视电阻率是利用双频电磁波进行地电探测的一种新方法。本文通过对各种典型地电模型视电阻率曲线分析,进一步证明了该视电阻率是进行近区频域电磁测深的一种行之有效的方法,它是电磁响应的单值函数,能客观反映地电断面的电性变化规律。具有压制背景场、突出地电异常的功能。它所表现的对地层的分辨能力和各种特性符合测评的要求。