Temporal evolution of the focal mechanism consistency of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake sequence in Yunnan

Using the Cut And Paste (CAP) method, we invert the focal mechanism of 38 moderate earthquakes (M_S ≥ 3.0) recorded by Yunnan seismic network and analyze the corresponding focal mechanism consistency based on the minimum spatial rotation angle. Our results indicate that the M_S 6.4 mainshock is induced by a lateral strike slip fault (with a rake angle of ～ ?165°) and a little normal-faulting component event along a nearly vertical plane (dipping angle～ 79° and strike ～138°). Combining our results with high resolution catalog, we argue that the seismogenic fault of this earthquake sequence is a secondary fault western to the major Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault. The focal mechanism evolution can be divided into three periods. During the first period, the foreshock sequence, the focal mechanism consistency is the highest (KA<36°); during the second period which is shortly after the mainshock, the focal mechanism shows strong variation with KA ranging from 8° to 110°; during the third period, the seismicity becomes weak and the focal mechanism of the earthquakes becomes more consistent than the second period (18°<KA<73°). We suggest that the KA, to some extent, represents the coherence between local tectonic stress regime and the stress state of each individual earthquake. Furthermore, high focal mechanism consistency and high linearity of seismic distribution may serve as indicators for the identification of foreshock sequence.     

An accessible seismological dataset of 2021 Yangbi MS6.4 earthquake

A M_S6.4 earthquake occurred on 21 May 2021 in Yangbi county, Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China, at 21: 48 Beijing Time (13: 48 UTC). Earthquakes with an M3.0 or higher occurred before and after the main shock. Seismic data analysis is essential for the in-depth investigation of the 2021 Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake sequence and the seismotectonics of northwestern Yunnan. Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (CEA), has compiled a dataset of seismological observations from 157 broadband stations located within 500 km of the epicenter, and has made this dataset available to the earthquake science research community. The dataset (total file size: 329 GB) consists of event waveforms with a sampling frequency of 100 sps collected from 18 to 28 May 2021, 20-Hz and 100-Hz continuous waveforms collected from 12 to 31 May 2021, and seismic instrument response files. To promote data sharing, the dataset also includes the seismic event waveforms from 20 to 22 May 2021 recorded at 50 stations of the ongoing Binchuan Active Source Geophysical Observation Project, for which the data protection period has not expired. Sample waveforms of the main shock are included in the appendix of this article and can be downloaded from the Earthquake Science website. The event and continuous waveforms are available from the Earthquake Science Data Center website (www.esdc.ac.cn) on application.     

2021年云南漾濞MS6.4地震序列发震构造及其与2013年洱源、2017年漾濞地震的异同

2021年5月21日云南漾濞发生M_S6.4地震.为深入了解该地震的发震断层及发震构造特征,探讨其与2013年洱源与2017年漾濞地震发震构造及背景的异同,本文基于中国地震台网中心的观测报告,使用双差方法对漾濞地震序列进行重定位,并从全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)和美国地质调查局(USGS)搜集了9个震源机制解计算了震源区构造应力场,初步得到如下结论:(1)2021年漾濞地震序列呈NW-SE向展布且SE端余震数量多于NW端,余震区地壳应力不均匀释放,致使5.0级及以上地震周边余震稀少;4个5.0级及以上地震初始破裂深度大于矩心深度,推测发震断层是从断裂底部向浅部破裂.(2)发震断裂是维西—乔后—巍山断裂西南侧的未知断裂F2、F3,其走向NW-SE、倾向SW、倾角近垂直,具有右旋走滑特征.其中F2贯穿整个地震序列,长约30 km,F3主要发育在中南段,长约11 km,两条发震断层相交于地震丛集中间位置.(3)震源区构造应力场是走滑的应力机制,呈SSE向(174.57°)低倾伏角(18.79°)挤压,及SWW向(-93.65°)近水平(5.21°)拉张状态.震源区的发震构造受川滇块体与滇南块体形成的右旋走滑边界控制.(4)这3个地震均发生在川滇块体右旋走滑西南边界形成的走滑应力机制作用背景下.2013年洱源地震可能更多的受控于局部构造的垂向差异运动;2017年漾濞地震仅受到川滇块体西南边界的右旋走滑作用;2021年漾濞地震则主要受控于川滇块体西南边界的右旋走滑运动,还存在少量局部构造垂向差异运动作用.     

2021年青海玛多MS7.4地震序列精定位与震源机制研究

利用双差定位法对2021年5月22日玛多M_S7.4地震序列中1 434个地震进行重新定位,使用TDMT矩张量反演方法求解玛多地震序列M≥4.5地震的震源机制解,综合分析得到如下结论:(1)玛多地震序列震中整体走向为NWW-SEE向,与昆仑山口—江错断裂展布方向相吻合,序列总长度170 km,呈NWW向和SEE向双侧破裂,主震西北侧存在NW向条带,可能是此次地震的分支断裂活动,在南东侧存在余震稀疏段以及横穿玛多—甘德断裂的余震分布带,推测可能是地下速度结构差异所致;(2)主震附近地震序列以左旋走滑型地震为主,优势走向为NWW向,倾向NE,倾角较高,与昆仑山口—江错断裂性质基本一致,结合余震定位结果推断昆仑山口—江错断裂为本次地震的发震断层;(3)主震附近地震序列P轴平均方位角为237°,P轴,T轴平均倾角分别为15°、16°,N轴平均倾角为65°,结合研究区构造特征推断,本次地震是由NEE-SWW向水平挤压应力推动NWW-SEE向断裂发生左旋走滑错动所致。     

河津地震序列的精定位研究

采用双差定位法,对2010年1月24日发生在山西河津与万荣交界的4.8级地震序列进行重新定位,结果显示,重新定位后,对于本次地震的发震构造,地震现场考察结果依据等震线图、余震分布特征,对震中区附近的主要活动断裂进行逐个排查分析,最终确定为NW向的西辛封断裂.     

Three-dimensional velocity structure around the focal area of the 2021 MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake

On May 21, 2021, an M_S6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi, Yunnan province, China, which exhibited typical foreshock-mainshock-aftershock characteristics. To better understand the velocity structure of the focal area and adjacent fault zones, Pg/Sg travel times at 12 seismic stations for the local earthquakes with M_L ≥ 1.5 from 2009–2019 and the Yangbi sequence in May of 2021 were used to invert the three-dimensional (3D) structures for both v_P and v_P/v_S. The obtained structure extends deeply to 15 km for area (25°N–26.5°N, 99.5°E–101°E) at a horizontal resolution of 10× 10 km, and the accuracy of the v_P velocity was verified using airgun signals excited by the Binchuan Airgun Transmitting Seismic Station (BATSS). The resulting v_P and v_P/v_S images correlate with existing fault zones and the Yangbi sequence, including: (1) The shallow velocity structure at 0 km agrees with local topography, where the Binchuan basin exhibits low-v_P and high-v_P/v_S values. From 3–15 km, v_P and v_P/v_S show variations, and the boundaries are consistent with the main faults (e.g., the Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan, Honghe, and Chenghai faults). (2) The largest foreshock (M_S5.6), mainshock (M_S6.4), and largest aftershock (M_S5.2) occurred near the boundaries where both v_P and v_P/v_S have clear contrasts. (3) Small earthquakes are also concentrated in the transition zone between high- and low-v_P and v_P/v_S anomalies, and are biased toward low-v_P/v_S zones. (4) Boundaries in v_P and v_P/v_S are observed at 20 km west of the Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault, indicating that there may exist one hidden fault.     

2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震序列重定位及震源机制研究

2021年5月21日 21 时,云南省大理州漾濞县先后发生MS5.6 和MS6.4 地震,两次地震震中位置相距约7 km,均位于滇西地区,该地区地处青藏高原东南缘、南北地震带南段,地质构造复杂.地震序列跟踪结果显示漾濞MS6.4地震类型为前震-主震-余震型,MS5.6 地震为MS6.4地震的前震.本文基于云南地震台网的震相报告,采用双差定位方法对漾濞MS6.4地震早期序列(2021年5月18日至 25日,ML0.0 以上)进行重定位,同时,利用 Cut-And-Paste(CAP)震源机制波形反演方法,获得了序列中截止至 5月25日 31 次MS≥3.0 地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,对该序列的发震构造进行了初步分析.结果显示:(1)重定位后获得的 2159 个地震事件呈 NW-SE向展布,长约 25 km,宽约 5～10 km.MS 6.4主震的震源深度为 8.9 km,序列震源深度主要集中在 4～10 km,深度均值约7.5 km.(2)前震序列具有从中间开始破裂,然后向北西向破裂,继而向东南向破裂的特征,漾濞MS 6.4 主震位于余震区的北西端,最大余震MS 5.2 地震位于余震区的东南端.(3)CAP波形反演获得的 31 次MS≥3.0地震的震源矩心深度在4～11 km范围,深度均值约 6.5 km,与重定位结果接近,仅相差 1.0 km,说明重定位的震源深度分布是合理可靠的.(4)震源机制多为右旋走滑型,部分地震具有较为明显的正断分量,反演的区域应力场与目前已知的构造应力场水平主压应力方向一致,反映区域内构造活动主要受区域构造应力场控制.根据重定位后的序列空间分布、震源机制解及震源区构造特征,综合分析认为,此次漾濞地震序列的发震构造可能是维西—乔后—巍山断裂中段附近的次级断层.     

A high-resolution seismic catalog for the 2021 MS6.4/MW6.1 Yangbi earthquake sequence,Yunnan, China: Application of AI picker and matched filter

We present a high-resolution seismic catalog for the 2021 M_S6.4/M_W6.1 Yangbi sequence. The catalog has a time range of 2021-05-01 to 2021-05-28, and contains ~8,000 well located events. It captures the features of the whole foreshock sequence and the early aftershocks. We designed a detection strategy incorporating both an artificial intelligent (AI) picker and a matched filter algorithm. Here, we adopt a hybrid AI method incorporating convolutional and recurrent neural network (CNN & RNN) for event detection and phase picking respectively (i.e. CERP), a light-weight AI picker that can be trained with small volume of data. CERP is first trained with detections from a STA/LTA and Kurtosis-based method called PAL, and then construct a rather complete template set of ~4,000 events. Finally, the matched filter algorithm MESS augments the initial detections and measures differential travel times with cross-correlation, which finally results in precise relocation. This process gives 9,026 detections, among which 7,943 events can be well relocated. The catalog shows as expected power-law distribution of frequency magnitude and reveals detailed pattern of seismicity evolution. The main features are: (1) the foreshock sequence images simple fault geometry with consistent strike, but also show a variable event depth along strike; (2) the mainshock ruptures the same fault of the foreshock sequence and activate conjugate faults further to the southeast; (3) complex seismicity are developed in the post-seismic period, indicating complex triggering mechanisms. Thus, our catalog provides a reliable basis for further investigations, such as b-value studies, rupture process, and triggering relations.     

2021年5月21日漾濞MS 6.4地震前地震活动异常分析

2021年5月21日漾濞发生M_S 6.4地震,震前地震活动异常明显,中长期阶段云南地区3级地震活动水平较低,滇西北地区出现长达456天的4级地震平静;短临阶段震中区附近出现3—4级地震条带;临震阶段中小地震活动由外围地区开始向震中区迁移,震中区出现直接前震。     

2021年5月21日云南漾濞Ms6.4地震序列重新定位、震源机制及应力场反演

2021年5月21日云南省大理州漾濞县发生了Ms6.4地震,引起了社会的极大关注.本研究利用双差定位法对云南漾濞Ms6.4地震序列(2021年5月1824日)进行了重新定位,获得331个地震重新定位结果,主震震源位置为(99.869°E,25.689°N,8.8 km).利用远场Rayleigh面波振幅的频谱陷波相,通...     

2021年漾濞MS6.4地震震区地裂缝的构造内涵

1 研究背景川滇菱形块体是青藏高原东缘侧向挤出最强的活动块体,地震活动强烈而频繁.其西南边界——红河断裂带是一条右旋走滑的活动断裂,其西北边界——金沙江断裂是一条多期活动的缝合线构造,表现为右旋走滑兼逆冲性质.维西—乔后断裂位于川滇菱形块体西部边缘,南与红河断裂相接,北与金沙江断裂相连,是红河活动断裂带的北延部分(图...     

2021年5月21日云南漾濞Ms6.4地震序列发震构造

2021年5月21日云南省大理州漾濞县发生Ms6.4地震.地震序列表现为"前-主-余"型,余震频次较高.为获得此次地震序列的活动特征和震源区潜在的发震构造,本文首先计算2010年以来震源区地震b值随时间的变化.其次对漾濞地震序列进行精定位,并反演地震震源机制解和构造应力场.结果表明:(1)震源区地震b值自2020年12...     

2021年漾濞MS6.4地震在云南地区流体测项的同震变化

1 研究背景同震变化和震后效应来自震源区域发生的物理或化学变化,可为震后趋势研判提供重要的科学依据.杨竹转等(2005,2008,2014)研究发现,云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变与地震之间存在一定的定量关系;2008年汶川MS 8.0地震在中国大陆地区引起的水位、水温同震变化特征机理较复杂;在2013年芦山地震中,重庆...     

利用双差法对2005年江西九江-瑞昌5.7级地震序列重新定位

利用江西地震台网数据,对2005年江西九江-瑞昌5.7级地震序列86个ML≥1.0余震序列用双差法重新定位,定位后得到其中60次地震的基本参数.重新定位后的结果与江西地震台网定位的原始结果进行比较,发现:①重新定位结果显示了震中分布比较集中,震中位置向广济断裂带靠近,定位后的震中空间分布与地面约34°角;②震源深度优势分布集中在7～10 km以内,平均深度为9 km;③重新定位后定位残差由原来的1.21 s降为0.16 s,震源位置的估算误差在EW方向平均为0.21 km,在NS方向平均为0.32 km,在垂直方向平均为0.34 km.     

2010年10月24日周口太康MS4．6地震的震源机制解

利用河南省区域地震台网的近震波形资料,采用近震时间域方法,反演2010年10月24日16点58分太康 MS 4．6地震的地震矩张量,结果显示,该地震为走滑型地震。结合震后灾害考察,认为太康地震发生在周口-太康断裂上。     

2003年8月16日巴林左旗与阿鲁科尔沁旗间MS5.9级地震参数及序列特征

2003年8月16日内蒙古巴林左旗与阿鲁科尔沁旗间发生5．9级地震,使内蒙古东部地震活动再次进入活跃阶段。通过对巴林左旗与阿鲁科尔沁旗间5．9级地震序列分析表明,序列的空间位置变化不太大,集中发生在较小的一个区域内,说明该地区所受的应力相对比较集中。整个序列以NWW向条带分布为主,条带的走向与宏观考察的烈度等值线长轴方向及震源机制主压应力方向一致。分析认为,未来1～2年,内蒙古东北地区的地震发展趋势应予高度重视。     

1999年海城-岫岩地震序列的精准定位

1999年11月29日,北京时间12点10分39秒(04:10:39 UTC)在我国辽宁海城-岫岩地区发生了一次Ms5.4地震.这次地震是继1975年2月4日海城Ms7.3地震之后该地区发生的震级最大的一次地震.区域性的辽宁数字地震台网记录了这一序列的前震、主震与 余震.本文运用该台网的记录资料,用双差法对海城-岫岩地...     

Seismogenic environment and mechanism of the Yangbi MS6.4 earthquake in Yunnan,China

The Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake occurred on May 21, 2021 in western Yunnan, China, where moderate earthquakes strike frequently. It exhibited a typical “foreshock-mainshock-aftershock” sequence and did not occur on a pre-existing active fault. The seismogenic environment and mechanism of this earthquake have aroused considerable research attention. In this study, we obtain the three-dimensional v_P, v_S and v_P/v_S images using the v_P/v_S consistency-constrained double-difference tomography method, which improves the accuracy of v_P/v_S models. We focus on characteristics of v_P/v_S images in areas with a lateral resolution of 0.1°, and reveal the seismogenic environment of the Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Low velocity and high-v_P/v_S anomalies are revealed at different depths around the northern segment of the Red River fault. v_S and v_P/v_S images along the Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault and the buried faults on its west show obviously segmented feature. (2) The source region of the Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake is located in a low-v_P/v_S zone implying high medium strength. High-v_P/v_S anomalies in its NW direction indicate cracks development and the existence of fluids or partial melts, which are unfavorable for stress accumulation and triggering large earthquakes. Such conditions have also prevented the earthquake sequence from extending northwestward. (3) With the southeastward extrusion of materials from the Tibetan Plateau, fluid migration was blocked by the low-v_P/v_S body in the source region. The high-v_P/v_S anomaly beneath the source region may implies that the fluids or partial melts in the middle and lower crust gradually weakened medium strength at the bottom of the seismogenic layer, and preparing the largest foreshock in the transition zone of high to low v_P/v_S. Meanwhile, tectonic stress incessantly accumulated in the brittle upper crust, eventually led to the M_S6.4 earthquake occurrence.     

2021年漾濞MS6.4级地震前兆异常分析

对2021年5月21日漾濞6.4级地震的前兆资料进行分析,认为漾濞6.4级地震之前滇西地区的地下流体、形变以及背景噪声都出现了不同程度的异常,尤其滇西北地区的水温水位在震前表现出明显的短临特征.