煤系战略性金属元素富集成矿的构造控制

煤系战略性金属矿产的聚集分布是多因素、多阶段、多层次综合作用的结果,地质构造控制作用是其中一个值得重视的因素。煤中战略性金属富集成矿的构造控制因素包括大地构造背景,构造运动,构造–岩浆活动等方面,体现在对金属矿产载体——含煤岩系的控制、对成矿物质来源的控制、对元素原生聚集和后期迁移重组的控制。从煤系矿产物源相关、耦合成矿、同盆共存的角度分析,构造作用对战略性金属富集成矿的控制贯穿于含煤盆地形成与演化的全过程。聚煤期前的构造运动奠定煤盆地基底构造格局,构造沉降和隆升提供了聚煤作用的场所和含煤岩系的物源区,从而决定了含煤岩系及其战略性金属元素的物质基础。聚煤期构造作用主要表现为盆–山耦合过程、同沉积期构造活动、岩浆作用等方式,通过对聚煤源–汇系统、岩相古地理与聚煤环境、泥炭沼泽类型及地球化学条件等因素的影响,决定成矿物质在泥炭化阶段和成岩作用阶段的迁移与原生聚集。聚煤期后的构造–热演化过程对金属元素迁移重组产生不同程度的影响,主要体现在构造沉降增温和岩浆热效应、构造格局与含矿热液活动、应力应变控矿机制,以及煤田构造定位决定矿床赋存状态。煤系战略性金属元素富集成矿构造控制研究应注重加强以下4个方面:与煤盆地沉积充填相关联的大地构造格局与演化、作为含矿流体运移通道的断裂构造特征、不同时期岩浆活动的影响差异性,以及应力应变的构造物理化学效应。      

西藏煤炭地质工作进展及前景

通过对西藏近70年煤炭地质工作和成果的总结,梳理了全区主要煤矿点的煤炭地质勘查现状和主要成果,基本摸清了全区主要煤矿点含煤地层的形成时代、分布范围、含煤性及煤岩煤质特征;总结了西藏自治区赋煤构造单元和成煤盆地的划分,初步归纳了主要聚煤期含煤地层的沉积体系和沉积环境。总体认为西藏自治区煤炭地质整体工作程度不高,成煤作用和聚煤规律研究有待进一步加深。指出了今后研究的主要内容是总结残留煤系与周边地区含煤沉积之间存在的共性及差异,分析主要聚煤期聚煤作用的时空迁移特征和迁移规律;研究特提斯演化和青藏高原隆起对聚煤盆地的控制和改造作用,分析其对煤系多种矿产耦合成矿的影响,为全区煤系多种矿产的综合勘查和开发提供依据。      

冀西北中生代聚煤盆地含煤性差异的影响因素分析

冀西北（张家口）地区发育了一系列中生代聚煤盆地,盆地类型分为断陷型聚煤盆地和坳陷型聚煤盆地,含煤地层时代从早中侏罗世到早白垩世。在总结含煤盆地沉积特征基础上,对造成聚煤盆地含煤性差异的影响因素进行分析,认为盆地基底地层岩性的不同,构成了不同的古地理景观,对聚煤作用有很重要影响;聚煤盆地的规模及展布受古构造控制,影响煤层的聚集规模;沉积环境差异导致聚煤条件的差异,影响煤层聚集的范围和厚度;煤系地层粗、细碎屑岩的赋存比例反映盆地沉降速率的高低,从而影响盆地含煤性。其中聚煤古构造是影响各聚煤盆地含煤性差异的主导因素。     

吉林双阳地区多期聚煤作用及找煤方略探讨

双阳地区构造极为复杂，且有多期聚煤作用。上三叠统大酱缸组聚煤作用主要发生于古生界纬向断拗带之中，聚煤盆地类型以对冲断层谷式为主。下侏罗统太阳岭组聚煤作用是在纬向构造体系和新华夏构造体系的复合叠加环境下形成的，下白垩统的二道梁子组聚煤作用受控于双阳盆地轮廓的限制，两时期的聚煤盆地类型皆以开阔坳陷式为主。下白垩统的长岭组聚煤作用形成于金家屯组安山岩上的北东向断陷带之中，聚煤盆地类型以半地堑式为主。研究表明，双阳地区今后的找煤应突破双阳盆地周缘找煤的框架，物探、槽探相结合在南北向上寻找被第四系覆盖的大酱缸组煤系。     

中国含煤盆地的聚煤规律

含煤盆地是煤系形成的基本地质构造单元，含煤盆地的形成和演化与所处的板块构造位置有关，板块构造在中国含煤盆地的演化中具有重要的作用，因为它影响着含煤盆地的古地理，古气候及古植物的变化，因此板块构造演化控制了含煤盆地的煤系的形成和分布。     

准噶尔含煤盆地构造演化与聚煤作用

准噶尔含煤盆地是新疆主要含煤盆地之一 ,从含煤盆地内各煤田的含煤地层特征 ,构造特征及煤层赋存特征着手 ,分析了盆地内的沉积环境 ,构造演化和聚煤作用 ,论述了两个主要聚煤期所形成的含煤建造的发生、发展过程 ,指出了两个含煤建造中聚煤中心和富煤带的位置     

黑龙江省“赋煤”构造与找煤方向探讨

黑龙江省位于天山￣兴蒙地槽系的东部，中生代亚洲板块与太平洋板块相互作用形成了由隆起区和内陆凹陷组成的三个大的北北东向构造带。依据中新生代构造运动特点与聚煤盆地分布规律，可将我省中新生代聚煤盆地划为四个聚煤坳（断）陷区。根据区内聚煤盆地群分布规律及其各坳（断）陷内煤系岩性，岩相特点，在聚煤坳（断）陷区内研究“赋煤”（次级）构造是在我省今后开展找煤的主要工作。     

新疆侏罗纪古构造及其对聚煤盆地的控制

古构造是控制聚煤盆地形成与演化的首要地质因素。新疆赋煤区是由前寒武纪形成的大陆古板块、微型陆块与古生代形成的造山带镶嵌而成的复合大陆块体。早-中侏罗世,区域挤压应力松弛甚至出现区域拉张应力,盆-山耦合型前陆-克拉通盆地成为新疆早-中侏罗世聚煤盆地的主体;基底性质不同的两个构造单元之间及造山带内部,形成带状拉张断陷;在某些早期弧后盆地和残留海盆分布的地区,发生继承性沉降,成为陆相聚煤盆地。在具有前寒武纪基底的前陆-克拉通盆地和继承性盆地中,聚煤作用最为强盛;发育在古生代造山带之上的伸展断陷型山间盆地,聚煤强度的横向变化较大。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部侏罗纪煤系基底构造活动方式与聚煤作用

聚煤的必要条件之一是构造沉降速度与植物堆积速度之间的均衡,这种均衡状态的持续和分异都与煤系基底的构造活动方式有关,特别是其垂直效应。鄂尔多斯侏罗纪聚煤盆地是以鄂尔多斯地块为基础,由于地块较硬,易碎,故煤系基底的构造活动方式便以断块活动为主。本文就陕西长(武)彬(县)、旬(邑)地区煤田地质特征提供一些材料和看法,以加深对盆地南部构造控煤过程的认识。      

沁水盆地中北部石炭–二叠纪煤系构造演化特征

沁水盆地煤及煤层气开发主要集中在盆地两翼及南部转折端,而对盆地中北部煤系能源矿产及构造演化问题略显不足。通过还原聚煤期古构造和沉积环境,结合构造应力场和沉降史恢复等手段,综合分析沁水盆地中北部晚古生代煤系形成过程及多期构造运动对煤系矿产赋存的影响。认为:研究区石炭-二叠聚煤期以北东向沉积坳陷控制了现今盆地构造格局,整体沉积环境由海陆过渡相向陆相过渡;印支期,盆地接受快速沉降,在深成变质作用下,形成煤系气;燕山期,盆地遭到挤压破坏,北东向主体向斜形成,煤系抬升,同时受岩浆热作用,煤化程度提高,向斜两翼煤及煤系气遭到剥蚀和散逸;喜马拉雅期,盆地遭拉张作用叠加破坏,西北部发育大型裂陷和大量正断层,煤系气发生部分逸散,主要富集在研究区中东部。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861