Facies types of sedimentary iron ore deposits and their geochemical features: Communication 2. Problems of the geochemistry of phanerozoic iron ores

Mineralogical-geochemical features of different facies types of sedimentary iron ore deposits are described. Particular attention is paid to deposits associated with the weathering crusts of ultramafic igneous rocks and to marine oolitic iron ores. The multistage formation of their geochemical properties is proved available geochemical models are considered.     

攀西铁矿成矿带地质矿产特征及找矿方向

本文通过对攀西地区区域地质、区域矿产特征的分析,综合地球物理、遥感解译资料,共划分出4个找矿远景区：冕宁泸沽一喜德登相营富铁矿找矿远景区、盐源矿山梁子-牛厂富铁矿找矿远景区、太和一攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿远景区、西昌德昌兴隆．会理龙泉铁矿远景区。指出远景区内岩浆晚期分异型铁矿床、火山沉积变质型铁矿床等为主攻矿种。     

宁乡式沉积铁矿床的时空分布和演化

宁张式铁矿是我国最重要的沉积型铁矿床,广泛分布于我国南部的鄂、湘、赣、川、滇、黔、桂诸省以及甘南地区。含矿建造主要赋存于中上泥盆统,而以上泥盆统为主,可划分出７个成矿区,其中最重要的鄂西－湘西北成矿区。在１个矿床中通常有１～４层铁矿,其中有１个是主矿层,矿石主要由鲕状赤铁矿组成,次有菱铁矿、鲕绿泥石和褐铁矿,含铁品位一般为３０％～４５％,含磷通过偏高,介于０．４％～１．１％,中泥盆世和晚泥盆世沉积铁矿在分布范围、矿床规模、赋太和围岩建造和矿石特征等方面有一定差异,文章对鄂西－湘西北成矿区的矿宋时空演化作了重点论述,对铁矿的分布与岩相古地理的关系及矿床生成条件进行了讨论,指出含矿建造大多产于海侵程序的沉积岩系中,在湿热环境下较封闭或半封闭的古海盆,古海湾或潮坪中的浅海－滨海相沉积组合是有利的成矿古地理条件,提出要     

新疆琼河坝地区铁矿床类型及其成矿特征

新疆琼河坝位于准噶尔成矿带东段,是一个潜在的以铁、铜、金为主的矿集区。区内铁矿床(点)众多,以往的找矿和研究工作大多聚焦于矽卡岩型富铁矿,对其他类型的铁矿床缺乏足够的重视。为了拓宽琼河坝地区铁矿床勘查思路,需要对区内铁矿床的类型和成矿特征进行系统归纳。文章在野外调查和室内测试分析的基础上,依据矿床(点)的产出地质环境、矿体及矿石矿物成分特征,结合铁矿石主要矿物的主量、微量及稀土元素特征,将琼河坝地区铁矿床划分为矽卡岩型、火山岩型、岩浆分异型、火山间歇期沉积型和湖相沉积型5种类型。矽卡岩型、火山岩型、岩浆分异型和火山间歇期沉积型铁矿赋存在晚古生代泥盆纪—石炭纪火山岩中,湖相沉积型铁矿床赋存于中侏罗统湖沼相含煤碎屑沉积岩中。火山间歇期沉积型铁矿床是在琼河坝地区首次发现的新类型,矿体赋存部位、矿石颗粒磨圆度及胶结成分特征均显示了该类铁矿成矿作用的特殊性。从找矿角度分析,目前主攻方向为矽卡岩型铁矿,而火山岩型铁矿是下一步找矿研究的重点。     

Facies and Geochemical Features of the Iron Ore Complex of the Kerch Peninsula

Regularities and specific features of the iron ore horizon, along with typomorphic features of ore-bearing and ore-barren units, of the Kerch Peninsula make it possible to distinguish six lithogenetic facies that are characterized by typical sedimentation environments and geochemical specializations. A principle sedimentation model is proposed for iron ore deposits of the Kerch Peninsula.     

山东莱芜矿山矿田铁矿产出构造类型、矿体型式及大-大中型矿床赋存规律

山东莱芜接触交代-热液铁矿产于中生代构造盆地周边的中奥陶统马家沟组碳酸盐岩与燕山晚期闪长岩接触带及其附近岩石中。矿山矿田的铁矿床可分为4种形态类型、6种构造类型和多种矿体型式。铁矿赋存规律研究表明,大-大中型矿床往往具有复杂和较复杂的矿体形态、单式褶皱背斜和复式褶皱背(向)斜的矿床构造类型,有利的围岩层位为马家沟组五阳山段、阁庄段和八陡段碳酸盐岩,同时矿床有比较大的埋藏深度(多为-200~-600 m),弧形隆起的南、北端和两侧的凸(凹)弯曲部位均为形成大-大中型铁矿床的有利部位。     

全球铁矿床主要成因类型特征与重要分布区带研究

中国是全球铁矿石第一消费大国,每年进口铁矿石量已超过9亿t,进口量超过全球铁矿石贸易量的60%,对全球铁矿主要类型特征及重要分布区带总结和潜力分析研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文总结了全球铁矿资源的禀赋特征,将全球铁矿床分为BIF相关型、沉积型、火山成因型、岩浆型、接触交代-热液型（矽卡岩型）5种成因类型,重点总结分析了BIF相关型和火山成因型铁矿地质特征、成因和找矿标志等。根据铁矿床产出的大地构造单元、地层层序、含矿建造特征及矿床类型、成矿时代等综合因素,在全球主要大地构造单元中共圈出33个铁矿分布区,47个铁矿重要分布区带,并对各重要分布区带的资源潜力进行了探讨。     

The Major Ore Clusters of Super-Large Iron Deposits in the World,Present Situation of Iron Resources in China,and Prospect

Abstract: The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits (BIF) is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces (belts), such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF), magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF) as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great ore-searching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets.     

甘肃北山富铁矿床类型、成矿系列及成矿预测

在甘肃北山区域地质背景、含富铁矿岩石建造、富铁矿床地质、地球化学研究基础上，着重对黑鹰山、碧玉山、狼娃山、白山泉、双井子等5个富铁矿床进行了剖析研究。提出甘肃北山富铁矿床有6种矿床类型、5个含富铁矿岩石建造、3个成矿系列（矿浆－热泉成矿系列；火山－热水－沉积成矿系列；火山沉积－气液叠加成矿系列），指出找矿方向，进行了成矿预测。     

中国铁矿资源现状与铁矿实物地质资料筛选

依据我国铁矿资源的类型、成矿区（带）和赋存特点,概述了当前我国铁资源的状况,提出了铁矿资源进行实物地质资料筛选要考虑的因素。结果表明：中国铁矿床类型齐全,以沉积-变质型为主,岩浆型、接触交代-热液型次之;我国铁矿床成矿条件复杂,大型、超大型矿床少,贫矿多、富矿少,且伴（共）生有益组分多,但呈现相对集中分布的特点,主要包括鞍山-本溪、攀西-滇中、冀东-密云、长江中下游、鄂西-湘西北、邯郸-邢台等6个成矿区（带）,新疆地区铁矿资源潜力巨大,是未来找矿的重点;铁矿资源实物地质资料筛选应考虑铁矿床成矿规模、成因类型、成矿时代、成矿区（带）等因素,兼顾具有典型、潜力巨大的铁矿床作为筛选对象。     

Rock geochemistry of an iron ore field in the Divrigi region, Central Anatolia, Turkey. A new exploration model for iron ores in Turkey

One hundred and sixty rock samples of iron ore deposits and their host rocks from the Divrigi iron ore region were analysed for ten major and 31 trace elements, and 30 samples were analysed for rare earth elements. Statistical analyses divide rock types into different units (discriminant analyses) and several element associations (cluster and factor analyses). Individual rock types were also treated statistically. Different element associations and the geochemistry of the REE point to a genetic relationship between ore and host rocks and later hydrothermal overprints.The interpretation suggests iron ores are closely associated with mafic ultramafic rocks. This exploration model has been applied iron ore deposits in central Anatolia, Turkey. The results stimulated first air-magnetic and later ground-magnetic field surveys leading to discovery of new iron ore occurrences which are currently being evaluated for their economic potential.     

中国天山东部铁矿分布规律

中国天山东部地区(简称东疆)作为一个铁的矿化集中区,是早已公认的事实。然而,究竟是什么原因导致在东径89°—97°,北纬41°—42°之间这一狭长地带中,铁矿分布如此密集并明显呈带状分布呢?此早已引起地质工作者的极大兴趣。     

闽粤地区铁矿床成因研究

闽粤地区铁矿床存在三种成因类型，海底热液喷气沉积型，夕卡岩化海底热液气沉积型和风化淋滤海底热液喷气沉积型，建立了海底热液喷气沉积型铁矿床的宏观和微观标志，探索了新的找矿思路。     

中国铁矿成矿规律及重点矿集区资源潜力分析

铁矿是中国重要的大宗金属矿产资源,对其进行成矿规律总结和潜力分析具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文总结了中国铁矿资源的禀赋特征;将中国铁矿床分为沉积变质型、岩浆型、接触交代-热液型、火山岩型、沉积型和风化淋滤型6种成因类型和40个矿床式,并建立了鞍山式沉积变质型、大庙式岩浆型、蒙库式海相火山岩型、大西沟式沉积型铁矿床的成矿模式;划分了36个中国铁矿成矿区带,编制了成矿区带图,总结了不同类型铁矿和不同时代铁矿的空间分布规律;总结了矿床类型、矿床规模和矿石类型的时间分布规律;最后,探讨了7个重点成矿区带的资源潜力。     

矽卡岩型铁矿的铁质来源与迁移富集机理探讨

矽卡岩型铁矿是我国最重要的富铁矿类型,其铁质来源及迁移富集机理是目前最核心、也最具争议的问题之一。本文在矽卡岩矿床复杂性和多成因性研究的基础上,对浅部铁质活化、迁移和富集机理进行整理归纳,建立了流程图;分别探讨了不同类矽卡岩型铁矿铁质的最大可能来源,认为与中酸性侵入体有关的该类铁矿,铁质主要源于浅部侵入岩;与酸性侵入体有关的该类铁矿,矿床附近的原始赋铁层位可能提供了大量铁质。但并非所有与酸性岩有关的此类铁床附近都存在赋铁地层,故本文对铁质深部来源的可能性进行了探讨,结合"岩浆矽卡岩-富碱侵入岩对"的概念,提出了全新的深部铁质活化、运移和富集的可能模式,即深部岩浆同化钙质岩石融离出的富铁矿浆上升并运移到浅部侵入岩与碳酸盐岩的接触带附近,与该系统中的热液相遇并反应,热液吸收矿浆中的铁质生成富铁的复合热液,后复合热液在接触带因物理化学条件的剧变而沉淀成矿。     

非洲锰矿床成因类型、地质特征及表生富集作用

[研究目的]非洲锰矿资源丰富,储量3.1亿t、资源量6.6亿t排名在世界上均列第一,加强非洲锰矿床的研究和认识对推动锰矿找矿工作具有重要的指导意义.[研究方法]通过对重要成矿带典型矿床的解剖总结了非洲锰矿床的成因类型、地质特征.[研究结果]非洲锰矿成因类型主要有前寒武系条带状铁建造(BIF)型、海相沉积型、陆相(三角洲...     

鞍本太古代绿岩盆地铁矿的成矿特征

辽宁省鞍山本溪地区是我国著名的铁矿产区。对于本区鞍山式铁矿的成矿特征,作者在前人工作的基础上,经过三年多的调查研究,认为本区鞍山式铁矿不是一种单一的矿床类型,而是赋存在不同时代、不同大地构造环境的两种矿床系列,即属于阿尔戈马型铁矿系列和苏必利尔型铁矿系列。并在划分成矿系列的基础上提出了本区的成矿模式。     

陆相火山-侵入岩有关的铁多金属矿成矿作用及矿床模型——以长江中下游为例

在长江中下游地区,与白垩纪陆相火山-侵入岩有关的铁多金属矿床在空间上绝大多数发育于白垩纪火山盆地,仅程潮和金山店出现于隆起区;成矿时间上分为两个时代,即133~130Ma和127~125Ma。按照成矿物质来源和成矿过程,鉴别出4个成矿系统:即在隆起区与石英闪长岩有关的矽卡岩铁矿(系统1);在火山盆地内,与大王山(或砖桥)旋回火山-次火山活动有关的铁多金属矿床(包括,磷灰石-磁铁矿型铁矿、类矽卡岩型铁矿、矿浆型铁矿、热液型硫铜金矿、热液型铅锌矿)(系统2)和与二长-正长岩有关的矽卡岩型铁矿(系统3);与娘娘山(或浮山)旋回火山-次火山活动有关的铜(金)矿和金铀矿(系统4)。盆地内和隆起区的矽卡岩型铁矿形成时间基本一致,略晚于与辉石闪长玢岩有关的铁多金属矿床(系统2), 但早于铜金铀为主的成矿系统4。前人以系统2中的磷灰石-磁铁矿型铁矿、类矽卡岩型铁矿和矿浆型铁矿为主,结合其他一些少见或不具工业意义的铁矿类型,提出一个具有广泛影响的玢岩铁矿成矿模式。此文以玢岩铁矿成矿模式为基础,结合4个成矿系统的基本特点,提出了白垩纪陆相火山-侵入岩有关的铁多金属矿床模型。以上这些具有成因联系的矿床系统和类型及其分带互为找矿标志。     

基于航空高光谱遥感的沉积变质型铁矿找矿预测—以北祁连镜铁山地区为例

沉积变质型铁矿是北祁连山西段重要的矿床类型,一直以来都是该地区矿产勘查的重要对象,区内产有知名的镜铁山铁矿床。由于北祁连山地区山势陡峻、交通不便,地质工作程度相对较低,开展传统的地质调查工作难度较大。航空高光谱遥感具有高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率特点,其在矿物信息识别上较多光谱遥感有了质的提升,同时在该地区开展航空高光谱遥感调查是发挥遥感技术的高效性和先行性优势所在。本文基于调查区内沉积变质型铁矿床地质特征,利用航空高光谱遥感数据提取的赤铁矿、菱铁矿信息开展针对沉积变质型铁矿找矿预测。结果表明,提取的赤铁矿信息或直接指示铁（化）体产出位置,或指示含赤铁矿地层产出信息,这为直接或间接寻找铁矿床提供了重要信息;菱铁矿信息同样可作为寻找铁矿床的重要依据,分布范围较大的菱铁矿信息可直接指示富菱铁矿的铁（化）体产出位置。     

Mineralogy, geochemistry, and origin of hydrothermal manganese veins at Wadi Maliek, Southern Eastern Desert, Egypt

The present work deals with the geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and origin of the metagabbroic-hosted manganese deposits at Wadi Maliek in the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt. The manganese veins are found in the shear zones and channel ways of the fault planes within the metagabbroic rocks pointing to those hydrothermal solutions carrying manganese and iron load penetrating along these fractures. These faults are striking N 80° E?CS 80° W with dipping 65°. These veins vary in thickness from 15?cm up to 125?cm wide; each vein may show difference in thickness from bottom to top. Microscopic examinations, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectral, differential thermal (DTA), thermogravimetric (TGA), and ESEM-EDAX analyses revealed that the manganese minerals consist mainly of pyrolusite, psilomelane, and ramsdellite. Goethite and hematite are the common iron minerals. Petrographically, the manganese deposits can be classified into three ore types based on the predominance of manganese and iron minerals: manganese, manganese?Ciron, and iron ore types. The geochemistry of Maliek deposits indicated that the total averages of some major oxides in manganese, manganese?Ciron, and iron ore types are respectively as follows: SiO₂ (15.64%, 11.52%, and 20.58%), MnO (39.9%, 17.81%, and 0.77%), FeO* (7.13%, 33.31%, and 37.08%), CaO (5.89%, 5.82%, and 5.32%), and Na₂O (1.04%, 1.61%, and 1.53%). With regard to trace elements, the Maliek manganese deposits are rich in Zn, Ba, Pb, Sr, and V. Based on the geological, mineralogical, and geochemical results, the studied manganese deposits are considered to be precipitated from hydrothermal solution.