沈阳——抚顺地区地震工程地质评价

沈阳—抚顺地区位于国家地震强烈区划图中的七度地区范围内,为该区的城市规划和场地选择,必须很好地解决地震工程地质问题。本文包括三个组成部分:1.地震背景及危险区予测,2.强震效应的场地工程地质分析,3.该地区主要地震工程地质问题及其评价。文章表明,该区存在三个5—6级地震危险地区。通过场地地震工程地质条件的研究,应用地面运动反应分析理论和方法,确定了该区地面运动基本参数和场地动力特性的分布规律。最后,对场地条件及地震工程地质问题做出了评价。在此基础上,对沈阳—抚顺两城市未来可能发生的地震灾害影响做出了予测。     

试论大连地区地震地质特征及地震灾害区划分

自挽近时期以来,大连地区断裂活动较强烈,为一地震多发区。本区地震多发生在地壳相对上升和下降的交界地带,即地壳差异构造运动活跃地区的断裂带附近,属构造地震。新生代时期,特别是第四纪以来,本区老断裂构造发生了继承性活动,在这些断裂的突出和弯曲部位、断裂的两端和断裂交叉处往往地震频繁发生。现从新构造运动划分山本区的断裂构造活动带,并根据断裂构造活动带将大连地区地震灾害区划出为金州地震灾害区、普兰店湾及复州湾莲花状构造外旋层地震灾害区、东岗—复州城—万家岭地震灾害区、碧流河构造活动带地震灾害区。     

漳州断陷盆地及发震构造

通过对漳州断陷盆地地震地质、地震活动性和震源机制解特征分析 ,研究了漳州断陷盆地强震发生的构造条件。研究结果认为 ,漳州盆地北西向九龙江下游西溪断裂是该地区的主要发震构造     

黄河口凹陷南斜坡新生代断裂构造特征及演化

黄河口凹陷新生代断裂复杂多样,岩浆活动频繁。利用三维地震资料,根据断裂体系特征、构造演化分析、地层厚度变化及钻井资料等,研究黄河口凹陷南斜坡新生代断裂构造特征及演化规律,分析断裂体系在古新世—早始新世断陷期、晚始新世—渐新世强走滑与强拉张期、新近纪走滑与热沉降期三个阶段的区域应力背景及演化特征。结果表明:研究区断裂体系划分为走滑断裂、拉张—走滑断裂和走滑—拉张断裂等三种断裂类型,以及"阶梯状""负花状""雁列式"和"复合花状"等四种断裂组合类型,并具有"三元"构造层结构特征;岩浆活动规律与断裂演化史具有同步性,断裂体系演化规律控制岩浆活动的时空差异性。该研究结果对复杂构造区断裂解释和岩浆活动模式建立具有参考意义。     

祁连山中东段地区断层构造和构造变形特征研究

基于中小地震重新定位结果和震源区应力场等地球物理资料,分析祁连山中东段地区断层构造和构造变形特征。结果表明：1）祁连山中东段地区震源深度主要分布于2~20 km。龙首山断裂震源深度分布呈上宽下窄的倒三角形;门源6.4级地震的余震震源深度为5~15 km,倾向SW;金强河断裂东段地震活动性强,倾向NE,倾角较高;老虎山断裂东段地震活动性强,倾向NE,深部呈近垂直产状。祁连山中东段地区震源深度自西向东递增,推测祁连山东段地区更深部可能已发生构造活动。2）研究区主压应力方向为NE-NEE向。3）沿祁连山中东段地区一系列走滑断裂与前缘逆冲断裂的组合破裂是青藏高原北东向挤出的一种重要的构造变形调节模式。     

珠江口盆地西江主洼古近纪断裂构造与油气成藏

珠江口盆地西江主洼地区文昌组沉积厚度大,断裂构造发育。基于精细地震解释成果,利用油区构造解析原理,分析西江主洼古近系断裂构造对油气成藏的控制作用。结果表明:西江主洼主要发育正断层和正走滑断层,可分为基底、盖层、晚期3套断裂系统;古近纪断陷期分为3个阶段,即早始新世(Ew_4-Ew_3)NW—SE向伸展断陷期、中始新世(Ew_2-Ew_1)应力场顺时针旋转的转换断陷期、中晚始新世(En_4-En_1)SN向伸展断陷期;其中,文昌组二段沉积期的应力场旋转与惠州运动属于同一构造期。断陷期是烃源岩沉积和构造圈闭形成的主要时期,通过EW向切割基底断裂的盖层断裂将深部热源传递至古近系地层,有利于提高盆地古地温梯度,促进烃源岩热演化。南部缓坡带和断裂坡折带为研究区油藏的有利勘探区。     

汶川地震和芦山地震对青藏高原东缘主要活动断层应力变化的影响

根据弹性无限半空间位错理论,结合汶川地震和芦山地震的同震破裂模型,以及该地区活动断层几何学和运动学特征,应用Coulomb程序,计算了2008年汶川地震静态库仑应力变化,并和余震分布特征进行对比;同时,计算了2008年汶川地震和2013年芦山地震共同作用产生的静态库仑应力变化,并将结果投影到青藏高原东缘主要活动断层上。结果表明:汶川地震产生的余震大部分分布在其造成的静态库仑应力增加区;汶川地震在芦山地震震中区域产生的静态库仑应力显著增加,增加值为0.010~0.050MPa,汶川地震产生的静态库仑应力变化使得芦山地震提前到来;鲜水河断裂北部、东昆仑断裂、秦岭南缘断裂西段、青川断裂东段、茶坝—林庵寺断裂西段、灌县—江油断裂、大川—双石断裂的静态库仑应力均有不同程度的增加;岷江断裂、虎牙断裂、汶川—茂县断裂、江油—广元断裂、鲜水河断裂南部的静态库仑应力有不同程度的降低;考虑到青藏高原东缘历史大地震和余震分布情况,未来应加强对鲜水河断裂西北段和东昆仑断裂地震危险性的监测与研究。     

遥感技术在西藏当雄地区活动断裂调查中的应用

以遥感数据、地震资料以及震源机制解为基础,对西藏当雄地区亚东-谷露断裂以及嘉黎断裂进行遥感解译和对比分析。研究表明,亚东-谷露断裂北段地貌特征为正断拉张及右旋走滑综合作用的结果;中段存在拉张运动与左旋走滑运动,并发育地堑,冲沟位错显示该处具有6～66 m的水平位移量,其中1411年当雄南8级地震在该处产生6～12 m的水平位移;南段次级断层充分发育,北端表现为右旋运动,往南开始表现出左旋运动特征,同时地堑充分发育。结合震源机制解反演结果,推测走滑断层控制该区地壳浅部（8 km以上）以走滑型为主的地震事件的发生,而该处的地堑形成于地壳深部（8 km以下）的正断型应力机制,并控制地壳深部正断型地震事件的发生。嘉黎断裂整体断层隐伏,西段存在右旋运动,往东南则开始出现左旋运动,该处地震事件和应力机制均为走滑型。     

渤海湾沙北地区共轭走滑断裂带特征及其对油气的控制作用

利用三维地震、钻井和岩心薄片等资料,研究渤海湾沙北地区共轭走滑断裂的平面、剖面特征,分析走滑断裂对沉积体系、圈闭发育及油气运聚的控制作用。结果表明:共轭走滑断裂具有明显分期及分段特征,古近纪强伸展弱走滑,新近纪走滑加强;派生断裂与主走滑断裂搭接,形成平面呈马尾状、剖面呈花状的构造样式;主走滑断裂与边界断裂交汇形成断槽,是物源水系进入湖盆的主要通道,砂体沿走滑断裂走向富集。走滑断裂控制形成众多断块及断鼻圈闭,走滑应力决定圈闭规模及油气运聚。增压型构造圈闭面积大,侧封性好,有利于油气保存,是沙北地区下一步勘探有利目标。     

汶川 Ms8.0地震前后鲜水河断裂南段的变形特征

对鲜水河断裂南段康定和石棉两个剖面的GPS观测结果的研究表明:离断层较近的站点,由汶川地震前的左旋走滑变为震后的右旋走滑、震前的挤压变为震后拉张;不管是右旋走滑量、拉张量,还是影响范围,汶川地震对石棉剖面的影响明显大于对康定剖面的影响;由于鲜水河断裂南段具有左旋走滑背景,汶川地震的发生在一定程度上缓解了鲜水河断裂南段的地震危险性.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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