新疆某水源地开采方案的数值评价方法

本文应用二维流地下水数值模型计算方法对某水源地地下水水位进行开采预测,介绍地下水数值模型的建立和评价过程,从而为拟建水源地正确确定开采方案提供科学依据。     

城市垃圾及排污沟渠对拟建水源地地下水水质的影响研究

在对地下水水源地附近的垃圾场及排污沟渠进行预测分析的基础上,通过建立地下水水质模拟模型分析污染源对地下水水质的影响,得出影响结论。     

公主岭市西部水源地地下水系统初步研究

本文以公主岭市西部水源地为例,以地下水系统的观点,对该区进行了全面的系统化、模型化和最优化,建立了地下水系统的预报模型和管理模型,推求了各系统的资源量及水位、水质分布规律,最后得出了该区地下水最佳开采量和取水工程方案。     

青海省马匹寺电厂水源地数值模拟研究

针对山间河谷类傍河水源地共有的地质条件,本文应用国际通用的Visual Modflow软件包对选取的典型地段进行地下水流数值模拟研究,通过对研究区的地下水梯度场、降速场以及水均衡结果与实测资料的识别与验证,建立地下水流模型,并对不同降水频率下的开采方案进行预测评价,保证了拟建水源地所需的可开采水量,也为同类型水源地的研究提供借鉴.     

后竹亭水源地地下水资源量数值模拟

后竹亭水源地是曹洼水源地的一部分.由于地处鲁西南经济发达区,工业取水项目、取水量逐年增加.为正确评价后竹亭水源地供水能力,合理开发水资源,将后竹亭水源地纳入曹洼水源地进行整体评价,并对后竹亭水源地拟订三个开采方案进行计算比较,最后选定方案二,为合理开发利用水资源提供科学依据.     

二妃山垃圾填埋场污染地下水的可能性分析

在对武汉市敦茨口、流芳和金口垃圾场多调研的基础上，对武汉市拟建的二妃山垃圾填埋场地下水环境的影响因素进行了分析，并对填埋场的设计和管理进行了探讨。分析结果表明：（1）垃圾渗滤液对地下水环境存在巨大的潜在危险性；（2）垃圾渗滤液潜在污染危害年限长；（3）场内渗滤液水力梯度和场底防渗层渗透系数的设计管理有很大关系。     

郑州市航空港区应急水源地数值模拟研究

在分析郑州市航空港区地质、水文地质条件的基础上,采用Visual Modflow软件对郑州市航空港区应急水源地进行了地下水数值模拟研究,通过对研究区的地下水流场与实测资料的识别与校正,建立地下水模型,并对不同的开采方案进行预测评价,为拟建水源地的科学运行提供了重要依据。     

时序马尔可夫模型和有限元模型在中国北方型岩溶水资源评价中的应用—以徐州市张集水源地裂隙岩溶水为例

为满足城市不断发展对水资源的需求,本文分析了徐州市拟建水源地——张集水源地水文地质条件,建立了与研究区裂隙岩溶含水层相适应的三维数学模型,并用等参有限元方法求解。考虑到大气降水的多寡及其分配状况是影响地下水资源评价的最终决定因素,而且具有随机分布性质,建立了研究区大气降水的时间序列——马尔可夫模型,其精度高于单一的时间序列模型,与有限元方法结合并用于评价该区的地下水资源,得出水源地地下水允许开采量为16.71×10~4m~3/d。结论对水源地地下水资源可持续开发利用方案的确定提供了科学依据,同时对中国其他类似地区地下水资源正确评价具有重要的参考价值。     

开封市垃圾场污染物运移模拟与控制

在对开封市某典型垃圾场进行野外调查的基础上,应用Visual Modflow建立了该垃圾场污染场地的水流和溶质运移耦合模型并进行数值模拟预测,预测了20年后该污染场地垃圾渗滤液污染羽运移范围、途径及方式等特点。模拟了应用防渗墙和抽水井两种方式控制地下水污染的措施和方案,并利用计算机模型对污染控制的效果进行了模拟分析。模拟结果表明,模拟初期污染羽覆盖了3个抽水井,污染羽前缘距离村庄688 m。模拟20年后污染羽已经覆盖了7个抽水井,其中浓度超标井有3口,污染羽前缘距离村庄605 m。建议在加强污染物监测的同时协助开展其他的污染控制措施,进一步控制污染羽的扩散。     

迁安盆地地下水资源有限元数值模拟与评价

依据迁安盆地的水文地质模型,建立数学模型。通过有限单元法对迁安盆地内水源地的地下水资源评价,并对其开采量和开采后的水位进行预测,同时与水均衡法求解的结果进行比较,以论证该地区地下水资源开采的保证程度,并对中长期取水要求提出合理的方案。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。