澳大利亚拉克兰造山带成矿地质条件与主要矿化类型

澳大利亚拉克兰造山带(又称拉克兰褶皱带,简称LFB)由强烈变形的寒武纪—泥盆纪深海沉积岩、燧石和基性火山岩,以及更年轻的盖层所构成,其造山过程表现为澳大利亚板块向东南方向不断增生的过程。该造山带的长期演化,形成了以维多利亚金矿省为典型代表的造山型金矿床及其它类型的多金属矿床,本质上这些矿床的形成与特殊的成矿地质条件密切相关。对该区相关文献进行分析和总结,提炼出拉克兰造山带金及多金属矿床的主要地质特征,划分出5种主要矿化类型:造山型金矿、花岗岩中细脉浸染型钨—锡矿、斑岩型铜—金矿、火山喷流铜—锌—金硫化物矿床、产于断陷盆地沉积岩中的铜—铅—锌—金矿。5种矿化类型各具特色,空间上有规律性地分布。     

澳大利亚拉克兰造山带成矿地质条件与主要矿化类型

澳大利亚拉克兰造山带（又称拉克兰褶皱带,简称LFB）由强烈变形的寒武纪—泥盆纪深海沉积岩、燧石和基性火山岩,以及更年轻的盖层所构成,其造山过程表现为澳大利亚板块向东南方向不断增生的过程。该造山带的长期演化,形成了以维多利亚金矿省为典型代表的造山型金矿床及其它类型的多金属矿床,本质上这些矿床的形成与特殊的成矿地质条件密切相关。对该区相关文献进行分析和总结,提炼出拉克兰造山带金及多金属矿床的主要地质特征,划分出5种主要矿化类型：造山型金矿、花岗岩中细脉浸染型钨—锡矿、斑岩型铜—金矿、火山喷流铜—锌—金硫化物矿床、产于断陷盆地沉积岩中的铜—铅—锌—金矿。5种矿化类型各具特色,空间上有规律性地分布。     

造山带地层类型研究

根据形成环境,造山带地层可分为三种类型：形成于稳定地台、地位、或大陆边缘,且后期无强烈构造置换的史密斯型,形成于板块或地体边缘,并经构造多期置换表现出构造（蛇绿）混杂岩特征的非史密斯型和与介于二者之间具构造岩片特征的过渡类型。     

造山型矿床、成矿模式及找矿潜力

矿床新类型的识别往往导致大批矿床和成矿省的发现，预测和识别矿床新类型是矿床研究的重要任务之一。造山型金矿的普遍性和重要性已被世界范围的大量研究所证明，但其他矿种的造山型矿床却很少被涉及。笔者提出了造山型矿床的概念及其变质流体成矿的实质，建立了矿床、矿田和成矿省等不同尺度的造山型矿床成矿模式及其随时间演化的3阶段模式。强调会聚造山作用的挤压伸展转变期是大规模成矿时间。同造山成矿系统的特点是成矿年龄滞后于造山作用时间。通过矿床实例研究证明了造山型银矿床、铅锌矿床、铜矿床和钼矿床的客观存在．阐明了中国巨大的造山型矿床的勘查潜力，例证了运用矿田尺度成矿模式进行成矿预测的有效性和重要意义。     

浅谈乌拉山金矿带金矿化类型

乌拉山金矿带金矿化分为石英脉型（Ｉ），石英脉－蚀变岩型（Ⅱ），蚀变岩型（Ⅲ）三大类型，其分带性与大桦背花岗岩具有密切空间关系。     

论全球性中-新生代陆内造山作用与造山带

对不同类型造山作用与造山带的深入剖析,在现代地学研究中占有重要的位置。迄今对造山带类型划分以及陆内（ 板内） 造山带是否存在及其形成机制问题,尚有不同认识。文章在阐明造山带分类准则的基础上,将全球性中－ 新生代造山带划分为陆缘型、陆间型与陆内型三大类。对陆内造山带则划分出发育在前寒武纪古克拉通基础上、发育在前中生代陆缘、陆间造山带基础上两种类型。文内还对全球性中－ 新生代陆内造山作用与造山带的展布特点、形成机制及其大陆动力学意义进行概括论述     

布列亚——佳木斯古板块南部古造山带内生金矿化特征

笔者通过对该区地质构造演化及其与金成矿关系的详细研究，系统地总结了该区内生金矿 生金矿化特征，论述了金矿化与地质构造演化之间的关系。     

龙门山造山带北段黄泥坪金矿床蚀变矿化特征与SWIR勘查应用研究

黄泥坪金矿床位于扬子地块西北缘,是龙门山造山带北段新发现的一个重要的中型金矿床,研究程度较低,蚀变矿化分布特征和矿床成因仍不清楚,需要新的勘查方法和思路开展下一步找矿工作。基于详细的矿床地质和短波红外光谱(SWIR)研究,发现黄泥坪金矿床的围岩蚀变主要有黄铁矿化、毒砂化、白云母化、硅化和碳酸盐化,白云母通常呈细小鳞片状分布于毒砂和黄铁矿的周围,金主要以不可见金的形式存在于毒砂和黄铁矿中。汉树沟、山关石、柳树坪和石罐子4个矿段应属同一成矿系统,其中汉树沟和山关石矿段的蚀变矿化期次可分为早期变质成矿期和晚期热液脉成矿期,变质成矿期包括石英多金属硫化物阶段和浸染状毒砂-黄铁矿阶段,热液脉成矿期包括石英-方解石粗脉阶段和毒砂-黄铁矿-方解石细脉阶段。变质成矿期发生了第一次金矿化,热液脉成矿期发生了第二次金矿化。SWIR勘查应用研究发现,矿体上盘千枚岩和下盘变质砂岩中发育较多Al–OH吸收峰位值较大的变质成因多硅白云母,而矿化部位则主要发育Al–OH吸收峰位值较小的热液白云母,Pos2200≤2202.5nm可作为热液白云母族矿物与变质成岩白云母族矿物或者二者混合相(指变质成岩白云母族矿物占主导...     

云南哀牢山老王寨大型造山型金矿成矿流体地球化学

云南哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期金矿带,而老王寨是其中最大的金矿。流体包裹体研究显示:老王寨金矿含金石英脉中流体包裹体类型主要为NaCl-H₂O型和CO₂-H₂O型,其均一温度为102~302℃, 峰值为160~180℃;流体盐度范围变化较大,介于2.5%~12.9% NaCleqv之间,峰值为6.0%~7.5% NaCleqv,显示老王寨成矿流体具有中低盐度和中低温度的特征。 氢氧同位素测定显示成矿流体δD_H2O=-115‰~-90‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O=5.2‰~6.8‰,显示其组成主要为岩浆水,可能与有机沉积物发生过同位素交换。流体包裹体碳同位素组成(δ¹³C为-6.5‰~-3.9‰)基本落在幔源碳变化范围之内,说明其中CO₂可能来自地壳深部,甚至上地幔。综合成矿地质特征和成矿流体的证据,提出老王寨金矿为喜马拉雅期造山型金矿。     

初论板内造山带

讨论了关于板内造山带含义的不同认识。指出板内造山带是一种特殊类型的造山带,而不是板缘造山带或板间造山带持续发展的结果。简要介绍分别发育在４ 个大陆的不同时代的板内造山带,总结板内造山带在区域大地构造位置、造山带构造格局、构造变形与变质作用、岩浆活动与沉积作用、造山带构造演化等方面与板缘造山带的差异。板内造山带形成于相对较老且强硬的岩石圈板块内部,造山带内部构造单元不具有平行于造山带走向分布的特征,即不具有线状构造格局,构造变形具有地台基底乃至整个地壳卷入的厚皮构造性质,同造山区域变质作用微弱,同造山岩浆活动、沉积作用和构造变形均无极性演化趋势。岩石圈拆沉作用（ｄｅｌａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ） 可较好地解释板内造山带的火山活动特征。尽管板块间相互作用（ 俯冲或碰撞）所产生的水平挤压应力似乎更易于阐明板内造山带的收缩变形特征;但是,板块间相互碰撞或俯冲产生的边界应力可否有效地被远程传递,尚有待进一步研究和解决。将板块间相互作用的水平应力场与岩石圈纵向物质与能量调整（ 重力、热力等） 因素作综合考虑,可能是解决板内造山带造山作用机制的有效途径     

Post-collisional crustal extension setting and VHMS mineralization in the Jinshajiang orogenic belt, southwestern China

The Jinshajiang orogenic belt (JOB) of southwestern China, located along the eastern margin of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen, includes a collage of continental blocks joined by Paleozoic ophiolitic sutures and Permian volcanic arcs. Three major tectonic stages are recognized based on the volcanic–sedimentary sequence and geochemistry of volcanic rocks in the belt. Westward subduction of the Paleozoic Jinshajiang oceanic plate at the end of Permian resulted in the formation of the Chubarong–Dongzhulin intra-oceanic arc and Jamda–Weixi volcanic arc on the eastern margin of the Changdu continental block. Collision between the volcanic arcs and the Yangtze continent block during Early–Middle Triassic caused the closing of the Jinshajiang oceanic basin and the eruption of high-Si and -Al potassic rhyolitic rocks along the Permian volcanic arc. Slab breakoff or mountain-root delamination under this orogenic belt led to post-collisional crustal extension at the end of the Triassic, forming a series of rift basins on this continental margin arc. Significant potential for VHMS deposits occurs in the submarine volcanic districts of the JOB. Mesozoic VHMS deposits occur in the post-collisional extension environment and cluster in the Late Triassic rift basins.     

Possible Carlin-type disseminated gold mineralization in the Mahakoshal fold belt, central India

The paper records the first occurrence of dolomite-hosted, disseminated gold mineralization at Barhi and Jhal, in a Late Archean-Early Proterozoic metavolcano-sedimentary belt (Mahakoshal fold belt) in central India. Gold mineralization is hosted by dolomite that occurs as discontinuous bands interbedded with phyllite. Hydrothermal alteration styles of the host rock include decalcification, silicification, and argillization. Pyrite is the most common sulfide, whereas stibnite and realgar are rare. Mineralization is characterized by persistent gold from 0.20 to 0.62 ppm and a consistent association of anomalous arsenic, antimony, and mercury with gold.     

新疆额尔齐斯金矿带的成矿类型、地球动力学背景及资源潜力

通过广泛的地质调查、同位素测年和综合对比研究,探讨了阿尔泰地区金矿的成矿类型、地球动力学背景及资源潜力。综合研究表明,岩金矿床主要产于海西构造层的强变形、浅变质构造带,属浅成造山型金矿;成矿时代集中在310~270Ma;成矿作用与后碰撞阶段岩石圈拆沉引发的构造-岩浆活动有关。对比研究表明,目前发现的金矿床(点)仅相当于区域变质流体成矿系统的浅部,主体部分由于中生代以来的大规模逆冲推覆构造而未能抬升剥露出来。受两次构造抬升影响,加里东构造建造带的造山型金矿基本剥蚀殆尽,而海西构造建造带是寻找岩金矿床的主要远景区。     

津巴布韦太古宙花岗-绿岩型金矿类型与资源潜力

津巴布韦太古宙花岗-绿岩型金矿床受构造的控制,金矿可分为褶皱控矿型、剪切带控矿型、层控型、深成花岗岩控矿型和构造-蚀变岩型等5类。津巴布韦花岗-绿岩型金矿多产于花岗质片麻岩与绿岩带的接触带上,金以自然金或金的硫化物形式产出。金矿成矿时代大致分为(2660±50)Ma和(2410±70)Ma(米德兰德绿岩带北部白钨矿Sm-Nd测年)2个时段,分别与新太古代TTG事件和大岩墙侵入相关。津巴布韦花岗-绿岩型金矿较多,但发现的中-大型绿岩型金矿较少,具有较好的金矿找矿前景。     

Granite provinces and basement terranes in the Lachlan Fold Belt,southeastern Australia

Many granites have compositional features that directly reflect the composition of their source rocks. Since most granites come from the deeper parts of the Earth's crust, their study provides information about the nature of parts of that deep crust. Granites and related volcanic rocks are abundant and widely distributed in the Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia. These granites show patterns of regional variation in which sharp discontinuities occur between provinces which internally are of a rather constant character. Such a discontinuity has long been recognized at the I‐S line and the extent of that line can now be defined more fully. Breaks of this type are thought to correspond to sharp changes in the composition of the deep crust that correspond to unexposed or basement terranes. Nine such basement terranes can be recognized in the Lachlan Fold Belt. The character of these basement terranes appears to be different from that of the terranes recognized in the Mesozoic‐Cainozoic Cordilleran fold belt, in which the plates accreted during the period of tectonism reflected in the exposed surface rocks. In the Lachlan Fold Belt, it is postulated that fragments of continental crust, or microplates, were assembled in the Late Proterozoic or Early Palaeozoic to form the substrate of the presently exposed Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks; the compositional features of these fragments were later redistributed vertically by magmatic processes. The identification of basement terranes of this type shows that models which involve the lateral growth of the Lachlan Fold Belt during the Palaeozoic, in a manner analogous to the accretion of younger belts, are untenable. These basement terranes have implications for mineral exploration because the content of heavy metals can vary from one to another and this would ultimately affect the probability of concentrating these metals to form a mineral deposit.     

江南造山带(湖南段)金矿成矿规律与资源潜力

扬子地块—华夏地块经历武陵期—雪峰期增生造山-碰撞造山形成江南造山带,构成统一的华南板块,进入板内演化阶段。本文从构造-岩浆作用-沉积建造角度,结合地质年代学、古地磁、岩相古地理分析,加里东运动、印支运动属陆内作用,造就了加里东期、印支期两次主要的金矿成矿事件。湖南雪峰山—幕阜山(俗称“金腰带”)加里东期和印支晚期金矿床分区成带产出,构成一条复合型造山型金矿带。区域性构造导矿、次级构造交汇或叠加控矿明显;矿石普遍发育条带状构造,属韧性剪切递进变形的产物。通过对区域成矿背景、金矿成矿理论,金矿床(体)地质特征,结合同位素地球化学、地质找矿成果及深部验证情况等多方面研究表明该成矿带深部找矿潜力巨大,2000 m以浅金远景资源量有望达到3000 t。     

The Wyoming gold deposits: volcanic-hosted lode-type gold mineralisation in the eastern Lachlan Orogen,Australia

The eastern Lachlan Orogen in southeastern Australia is noted for its major porphyry–epithermal–skarn copper–gold deposits of late Ordovician age. Whilst many small quartz vein-hosted or orogenic lode-type gold deposits are known in the region, the discovery of the Wyoming gold deposits has demonstrated the potential for significant lode-type mineralisation hosted within the same Ordovician volcanic stratigraphy. Outcrop in the Wyoming area is limited, with the Ordovician sequence largely obscured by clay-rich cover of probable Quaternary to Cretaceous age with depths up to 50 m. Regional aeromagnetic data define a north–south trending linear belt interpreted to represent the Ordovician andesitic volcanic rock sequence within probable Ordo-Silurian pelitic metasedimentary rocks. Drilling through the cover sequence in 2001 to follow up the trend of historically reported mineralisation discovered extensive alteration and gold mineralisation within an andesitic feldspar porphyry intrusion and adjacent volcaniclastic sandstones and siltstones. Subsequent detailed resource definition drilling has identified a substantial mineralised body associated with sericite–carbonate–albite–quartz–(±chlorite ± pyrite ± arsenopyrite) alteration. The Wyoming deposits appear to have formed as the result of a rheological contrast between the porphyry host and the surrounding volcaniclastic rocks, with the porphyry showing brittle fracture and the metasedimentary rocks ductile deformation. The mineralisation at Wyoming bears many petrological and structural similarities to orogenic lode-style gold deposits. Although the timing of alteration and mineralisation in the Wyoming deposits remain problematic, a relationship with possible early to middle Devonian deformation is considered likely.     

甘肃北山造山带南缘白石坝一带南岭型花岗岩地球化学特征与锡成矿作用浅析

白石坝一带花岗岩具高硅低铝、富钾贫钠、非常低Sr(24.9×10~(-6)~82.9×10~(-6))高Yb(2.61×10~(-6)~5.74×10~(-6))的南岭型花岗岩特征,A/CNK介于0.91~0.98之间,σ在1.92~2.22之间。明显富集Rb、Th、K等大离子不相容元素,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素,并具有弱Nb亏损,稀土元素分布曲线呈明显的"燕式"型,其形成可能来源于下地壳底部部分熔融与地壳物质发生混合形成的产物,源区深度较浅、水含量低和氧逸度低,处于还原状态下的伸展构造背景,有利于锡矿的萃取和富集,研究其区域构造-岩浆演化,对指导区域矿产预测和评价均具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

西秦岭甘肃夏河—合作地区与中酸性侵入岩有关的金铜多金属成矿系统及找矿预测

甘肃夏河—合作地区岩浆岩与矿产分布具有分带性：夏河-合作断裂以北侵入岩规模较大,以岩基、岩株为主,发育Cu、Au、W、Mo、Pb、Zn等以中高温元素为主的矿化,受岩体边缘接触带及断裂双重控制;夏河-合作断裂以南侵入岩规模较小,多以小岩株、脉岩出现,发育Au、Hg、Sb等中低温矿化,受断裂破碎带控制。地球化学组成显示,该区侵入岩具有镁闪长岩、TTG岩套的双重特点,为"热壳"+"热幔"的壳幔结构,成矿条件极为有利。硫、氢、氧稳定同位素特征指示,成矿物质主要来自地幔岩浆析出的热液,后期有大气降水的参与。夏河—合作地区为与中酸性侵入岩有关的金铜等多金属矿成矿系统,在夏河-合作断裂以南,剥蚀较浅,可寻找远成低温热液型金、锑矿等,在其深部还应注意寻找斑岩型或矽卡岩型铜金矿床。而在剥蚀程度较高的北带,应以斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿床为主。