Emergency water supply capacity analysis of major cities in Hebei

In order to prevent the catastrophic events such as extreme drought, continuous drought and source-water quality pollution, 15 groundwater emergency water sources are to be selected in 11 important cities in Hebei, and the evaluation of allowable emergency exploitation quantity is 180.19×104 m3/d. Under the current conditions, the water supply quantity of emergency water sources and the total emergency water supply quantity will meet the emergency water demand with the guarantee rate of 65.79% to 377.78% and 90.35% to 270.51% respectively. By 2020, the water supply quantity of emergency water source places and the total emergency water supply quantity will meet the emergency water demand with the guarantee rate of 22.08% to 74.49% and 82.65% to 144.08% in the benefited areas of South-to-North water diversion (SNWDP); and for non-SNWDP areas, the guarantee rate will be 74.64% to 337.78% and 74.64% to 377.78%.     

甘肃主要城市地质灾害特征及防治措施探讨

甘肃省的自然地理、地质构造、气候条件、地形地貌等非常复杂,地质灾害非常严重,具有灾害种类多,分布范围广的特点,是我国地质灾害严重的地区之一。各种地质灾害的发生与汛期的关系密切,给百姓造成了很大的危害,其影响是巨大的。本文对甘肃省主要城市的地质灾害特征进行了分析,并有探讨性的提出了防治措施,目的旨在对城市的防灾减灾和经济建设提供参考。     

Measuring stone weathering in cities: Surface reduction on marble monuments

The purpose of this study was to establish whether measurements of stone weathering recorded by different observers could be aggregated into a single data base for evaluating pollution effects on calcareous building stone. Apparent differences in recorded weathering rates on marble tombstones were here found to be partly a result of lettering size measured, measuring devices used, and individual observers.     

Characteristics of shallow geothermal fields in major cities of Tibet Autonomous Region

Based on the project titled “Investigation and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy in major cities of Tibet Autonomous Region”, the distribution characteristics and occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal fields in these cities were introduced in this paper. To this end, relevant data in Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi Cities through vertical thermometry was a focus, so as to analyze groundwater temperature and the distribution law of strata with constant temperature. Then through comprehensive comparisons and analysis of the relationship between groundwater temperature and climate, differences in this aspect of Nagqu City were taken as a typical case to clarify formation of geothermal field and corresponding influence on groundwater temperature, furthermore providing basic data for rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in Tibet Autonomous Region.     

Characteristics of shallow geothermal fields in major cities of Tibet Autonomous Region

Based on the project titled "Investigation and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy in major cities of Tibet Autonomous Region", the distribution characteristics and occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal fields in these cities were introduced in this paper. To this end, relevant data in Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi Cities through vertical thermometry was a focus, so as to analyze groundwater temperature and the distribution law of strata with constant temperature. Then through comprehensive comparisons and analysis of the relationship between groundwater temperature and climate, differences in this aspect of Nagqu City were taken as a typical case to clarify formation of geothermal field and corresponding influence on groundwater temperature, furthermore providing basic data for rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in Tibet Autonomous Region.     

Tropospheric NO2 variability over the metropolitan cities and hill stations of India

Monthly and inter-annual variation in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) have been examined over metropolitan cities (New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai) and hill stations (Mount Abu, Nainital, Srinagar, Kodaikanal, Dalhousie, Gulmarg, Shimla and Munnar) of India during the period 2004?C2010 using satellite-based SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). It is observed that the monthly variation in NO₂ over the metropolitan cities is higher during winter (November?CDecember?CJanuary?CFebruary) months and lower during summer monsoon (June?CJuly?CAugust?CSeptember) months. Lower NO₂ in summer monsoon leads to the presence of deep convection and higher in winter leads to calm winds and more residential time of gases. Moreover, rapid industrialization and traffic growth are also responsible for the higher NO₂. Mean values of NO₂ over New Delhi and Mumbai as well as hill stations, such as Mount Abu, Nainital and Shimla, have exhibited more pollution. Similarly, maximum NO₂ occurred over the hill stations during pre-monsoon months (April?CMay) and early part of summer monsoon (June). Higher NO₂ values are observed in November?CDecember months. All the hill stations also show increasing trend of NO₂ during the period 2004?C2010. Increasing pollution of NO₂ over the hill stations might also be due to forest fires, biomass burning and long-range transport. Back trajectory analysis shows that the observed peaks in NO₂ are a resultant of the long-range transported component amplified by the local environment. In the northern hill stations, pollution seems transported from west Asian and European countries while in the southern hill stations, pollution is originated from southern Indian Ocean and East Asian countries.     

江西省主要城市建设用地地质环境初步评价

该文简单介绍了江西省主要城市的自然地理、区域环境地质背景及社会经济概况;阐述了对城市建设用地地质环境质量评价目的,进而采用敏感因子-模糊综合评价方法,对全省11个主要城市的建设用地地质环境质量进行了评价.江西省各主要城市的城市建设用地地质环境质量总体较好,其中地质环境质量80%以上为好和较好的有抚州市和九江市,地质环境质量50%~72%为好和较好的有吉安市、新余市、南昌市和上饶市,地质环境质量30%~40%为好和较好的有鹰潭市和宜春市,地质环境质量为好和较好的在30%以下的有萍乡市、赣州市和景德镇市.     

贵州主要城市浅层地热能利用潜力评价

作为清洁、新型、可再生的绿色能源,浅层地热能对缓解城市节能、减排等问题有很大的帮助。为评价贵州省贵阳市、遵义市、兴义市、铜仁市、六盘水市、凯里市、都匀市、毕节市、安顺市及贵安新区10个地级市和国家级经济开发区的浅层地热能利用潜力,文章根据浅层地热能赋存环境调查、现场热响应试验及岩土体热物性测试结果等综合分析,计算出贵州主要城市地表以下100 m深度内的浅层地热能总热容量为35.20×1013kJ·℃-1,夏季换热功率为520.2×104kW,冬季换热功率为342.3×104kW;并在此基础上,评价了贵州主要城市浅层地热能的资源潜力,夏季可制冷面积为7.43×108 m2,冬季可供暖面积为6.51×108m2。     

江西省主要城市地下水资源及应急水源地遴选

江西各主要城市都是临水系而建,地表水资源是城市集中供水的主要水源.但是,为了应对突发事件很有必要在城市及其周边规划和遴选应急地下水源地.该文在分析阐述了各主要城市水文地质条件和地下水资源特征后,根据应急水源地的遴选原则,在全省11个主要城市中,确定了29个应急地下水源地,其可采资源总量为74 781.372×104m3/a.     

关中盆地主要城市浅层地热能资源量赋存规律研究

具有无污染、可再生、分布广、能量大以及可就近利用等诸多优势的浅层地温能是一种建筑节能的洁净能源,具有广泛的应用前景。根据关中盆地主要城市工程地质、水文地质、环境地质条件等因素,分别建立了每个城市地下水热泵和地埋管热泵系统的适宜分区评价体系,并进行了适宜性综合分区。基于适宜性分区评价结果,对主要城市进行了浅层地热能资源量评价,包括热容量计算、换热功率计算和热能潜力计算,旨在有效地丰富浅层地温能勘察评价与开发利用的理论、奠定浅层地温能广泛开发利用的基础,为改善我国现有能源结构、构建环境友好型社会和节能减排的目标服务。     

贵州主要城市的岩溶塌陷灾害及其防治

贵州是我国岩溶地貌最发育的省份之一,全省主要城市贵阳、遵义、安顺和六盘水等四个城市都分布在岩溶区。随着城市发展加快,城市岩溶塌陷灾害也日趋突出。本文以贵州四个主要城市为例,阐述岩溶塌陷灾害的概况及危害,分析了岩溶塌陷的发育分布特征,探讨了岩溶塌陷的成因机理,并据此提出了相应的防治对策。     

An estimate of probabilistic seismic hazard for five cities in Greece by using the parametric-historic procedure

A probabilistic procedure was applied to assess seismic hazard for the sites of five Greek cities (Athens, Heraklion, Patras, Thessaloniki and Volos) using peak ground acceleration as the hazard parameter. The methodology allows the use of either historical or instrumental data, or a combination of both. It has been developed specifically for the estimation of seismic hazard at a given site and does not require any specification of seismic sources or/and seismic zones. A new relation for the attenuation of peak ground acceleration was employed for the shallow seismicity in Greece. The computations involved the area- and site-specific parts. When assessing magnitude recurrence for the areas surrounding the five cities, the maximum magnitude, m_max, was estimated using a recently derived equation. The site-specific results were expressed as probabilities that a given peak ground acceleration value will be exceeded at least once during a time interval of 1, 50 and 100 years at the sites of the cities. They were based on the maximum peak ground acceleration values computed by assuming the occurrence of the strongest possible earthquake (of magnitude m_max) at a very short distance from the site and using the mean value obtained with the help of the attenuation law. This gave 0.24 g for Athens, 0.53 g for Heraklion (shallow) and 0.39 g Heraklion (intermediate-depth seismicity), 0.30 g for Patras, 0.35 g for Thessaloniki and 0.30 g for Volos. In addition, the probabilities of exceedance of the estimated maximum peak ground acceleration values were calculated for the sites. The standard deviation of the new Greek attenuation law demonstrates the uncertainty and large variation of predicted peak ground acceleration values.     

Holocene sea-surface temperature variability in the Chilean fjord region

Here we provide three new Holocene (11–0 cal ka BP) alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) records from the southernmost Chilean fjord region (50–53°S). SST estimates may be biased towards summer temperature in this region, as revealed by a large set of surface sediments. The Holocene records show consistently warmer than present-day SSTs except for the past ~ 0.6 cal ka BP. However, they do not exhibit an early Holocene temperature optimum as registered further north off Chile and in Antarctica. This may have resulted from a combination of factors including decreased inflow of warmer open marine waters due to lower sea-level stands, enhanced advection of colder and fresher inner fjord waters, and stronger westerly winds. During the mid-Holocene, pronounced short-term variations of up to 2.5°C and a cooling centered at ~ 5 cal ka BP, which coincides with the first Neoglacial glacier advance in the Southern Andes, are recorded. The latest Holocene is characterized by two pronounced cold events centered at ~ 0.6 and 0.25 cal ka BP, i.e., during the Little Ice Age. These cold events have lower amplitudes in the offshore records, suggesting an amplification of the SST signal in the inner fjords.     

辽宁省主要矿业城市地质灾害防治与地质环境可持续发展

可持续发展的思想已成为世界各国制定社会和经济发展战略的重要依据。地质环境可持续发展理论,是当前科技工作者研究的首要课题,也是矿业城市发展的理论依据。论文根据辽宁省主要矿业城市特殊的地质环境条件、地质灾害治理现状,分析因采煤引发的地质灾害主要类型及危害,探讨地质灾害防治措施,提出矿业城市地质环境保护与可持续发展规划建议。虽然人类对地质环境的改造远远超过自然灾害的破坏程度,但是地质环境是可持续发展的。保护地质环境,就是保护城市建设、经济发展所需的物质基础,说到底就是保护人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础。     

Climatology of dust storm frequency and its association with temperature and precipitation patterns over Pakistan

Natural Hazards - Diversified topography and uneven distribution of both temperature and precipitation contribute to formation of suitable synoptic conditions for incidents of dust storm (DS). This...     

Seasonal variability of the temperature field off the south-west coast of India

The temperature field in the coastal region off south-west India exhibits a wellmarked annual cycle. Around March the isotherms develop an upward tilt near the coast. The magnitude of the tilt increases continuously till August, then decreases and vanishes in November. To check the hypothesis that this feature is in response to the local wind, we have used the resultant wind data to determine the annual march of the wind stress. It is found that though weak during November–March, the monthly-mean longshore component of the wind stress is always conducive to coastal upwelling and follows a pattern similar to that of the isotherm tilt. We interpret this result to indicate that coastal processes in the area during April–October are controlled by the longshore component of the local wind stress in accordance with the classical model for a coastal upwelling system. During November–March, when the wind stress is weak, it appears that the influence of the longshore density gradient, which persists at the surface during this period, dominates over the effect of the wind.