煤层气固井声幅测井方法探讨

影响煤层气固井声幅测井的因素较多,如地层软硬变化大、套管内径或壁厚不均、仪器不居中、发射能量不足、接收灵敏度不够等,这些因素的存在将会导致首波丢失、时差曲线产生周波跳跃或波动现象。为提高煤层气固井声幅测井质量,要尽量保证所用仪器外径接近套管内径,以减少无效传播和能量损失,另外需提高仪器的发射能量及接收灵敏度;在自由套管和声波强吸收地层,必须保证自由套管首波不限幅、声波强吸收地层首波不丢失。在现场解释时,一般以＂自由套管＂处的偏转幅度值A为标准,将固井声幅曲线幅度的20%A和40%A作为分界点,评价固井效果。     

低压易漏裸眼井段技术套管固井技术

龙岗构造是四川盆地北部深层天然气勘探开发的重要区域,针对该区域Φ244.5 mm技术套管固井井段长裸眼、含油气层多套、油气显示频繁强烈、钻井过程中涌漏同存问题,将井眼准备、套管选择、优选水泥浆体系与配方、地面施工工艺等提高固井质量的主要技术措施集成优化,并采用空井固井、预应力固井等特色技术,保证了龙岗构造技术套管的固井质量,应用效果良好。     

长庆油田小套管二次固井工艺技术研究与应用

针对长庆油田?139.7 mm生产套管中下?88.9 mm小套管二次固井环空间隙小、固井施工压力高,水泥环薄、密封完整性难以满足后期措施需求,固井前井筒界面环境差、二界面水泥胶结不佳等技术难点,通过技术创新及改进,研制出适用于小套管二次固井的低摩阻耐压防漏水泥浆体系、热固性树脂水泥浆体系,结合自主研发的界面增强型冲洗液和固井压塞液体系,形成一套长庆油田小套管固井工作液体系。优选性能可靠的固井配套工具,优化小套管固井管串结构,按照平衡压力固井原理,采用一次上返固井工艺,总结出了一套小套管二次固井工艺技术。现场应用10口井,固井质量优良率95%,增产效果显著,为长庆油田老井增潜挖效及套损井治理提供了有力的技术支撑。     

插入法固井工艺在银额盆地蒙阿左地1井的应用

蒙阿左地1井一开表层套管固井施工采用插入法固井工艺,解决了长井段不稳定地层作业风险高、套管内外环空大、作业时间长等难题。根据插入法固井工艺的特点制定了相应的技术、管理措施,取得了较好的固井质量,施工效率提高了42%,施工成本降低了30%。在银额盆地完成大直径、长井段不稳定地层的表层套管固井施工,为该区固井施工提供了宝贵的经验。     

米桑油田高压盐膏层固井问题分析和优化

对米桑油田部分井出现的高压盐膏层井段固井质量差且影响下步作业的情况进行了分析,优化了前置液设计、水泥浆设计、入井套（尾）管现场检查、下套管前井眼要求、固井前井筒要求、套管居中、固井注替、固井质量检验等,并成功应用于47井高压盐膏层井段固井,为后续开发井类似井段的固井质量提升提供了借鉴。     

孔壁地层超静孔隙水（气）压力的形成及其对瓦斯抽排井套管稳定性影响

瓦斯抽排井套管失稳的事故时有发生。为了探索套管失稳机理,应用土力学原理分析了钻井和固管过程中孔壁地层超静孔隙水（气）压力的形成机制;建立了孔壁地层超静孔隙水（气）压力对套管作用的力学模型,该模型包含超静孔隙水（气）压力、地层孔隙率、井液液柱压力、套管抗外挤强度、固管水泥圈使套管抗外挤强度提高的效应系数和固管水泥圈与孔壁岩层界面处的抗张强度等参数;分别就新地层、基岩和煤层的超孔隙水（气）压力对套管稳定性影响的特点进行了分析。结合实例介绍了煤层超瓦斯压力引起套管失稳的分析方法。提出了局部提高套管抗外挤强度、提高固管水泥圈强度、延迟井液排空时间、增设套管扶正器等提高套管稳定性的具体措施。     

石油钻井用可钻式浮箍浮鞋在煤矿回灌井中的应用

将石油专用的可钻式浮箍浮鞋用于煤矿大口径钻孔下套管及固井工作中,替代传统的打水泥座或焊钢板浮力塞加单向注浆阀下套管固井工艺,简化了下套管和固井施工程序,节约工程成本,保证了成井质量。介绍了这种方法在冀中能源峰峰集团梧桐庄矿回灌1号孔和2号孔的应用情况及效果。     

自制混凝土挡板,PVE管固井方法与实践

大口径深井在施工中由于第四系地层松散井壁易坍塌,影响后续施工,所以我们通常采用下表层套管的方式来封固松散层位,保证井壁稳定,因此固井成为了一项重要的工作环节.我们在多次固井工作中总结经验,结合各固井工艺的优点,研制了自制混凝土挡板+PVC管固井的新方法;此方法具有固井质量较好、成本低、操作简单、事故少等优点.     

自制混凝土挡板,PVE管固井方法与实践

大口径深井在施工中由于第四系地层松散井壁易坍塌,影响后续施工,所以我们通常采用下表层套管的方式来封固松散层位,保证井壁稳定,因此固井成为了一项重要的工作环节.我们在多次固井工作中总结经验,结合各固井工艺的优点,研制了自制混凝土挡板+PVC管固井的新方法;此方法具有固井质量较好、成本低、操作简单、事故少等优点.     

煤层气U型井水平井固井技术研究

U型井是煤层气资源开采的一种新型模式,在水平井固井施工时易出现水泥浆冲刷洞穴,部分水泥浆进入洞穴直井,破坏直井,另外,斜井段顶替效率低,容易造成泥浆窜槽,影响固井质量.为了解决这一问题,提出了分流水泥浆套管串结构和采用低密度水泥浆+速凝早强水泥浆体系固井技术.该工艺技术不仅保证了水泥浆能顺利返至地面,也避免了水泥浆对直井洞穴的冲刷,确保固井质量,因而在类似煤层气U型井固井作业时具有良好的应用前景,可逐步推广.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861     

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

正20141768 An Shaopeng(Institute of Rock and Soil Mechannics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China);Wei Lide Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Xigeda Formation Siltstone and Structure Interface(Journal of Engineering Geology,ISSN1004-9665,CN11-3249/P,21(5),2013,p.702-708,9illus.,1 table,16 refs.)     

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY

正20140985Chen Liang(Post-Doctoral Research Station of Mining Engineering,School of Nuclear Resources and Nuclear Fuel Engineering,University of South China,Heng-yang 421001,China);Huang Wei Composition of Major and Correlated Elements with Organic Matters and Paleoclimatic Implication for Lower Paleogene Sediments in Sanshui Basin