逆作法墩式挡墙在土岩结合深基坑支护中的设计与应用

在山区河漫滩地段,常遇到上部土层相对较薄、强度较低,而下伏基岩强度高、厚度大且分布稳定的地质情况。在该类地质情况下开挖深基坑,当基坑周围环境复杂、放坡空间有限时,采用传统的排桩体系施工难度大、造价高;嵌固深度较浅的“吊脚桩”支护体系也经常由于桩体中上部拉锚受阻而失去适用性。为解决上述问题,结合鄂西北土岩结合深基坑支护经验,提出一种逆作法墩式挡墙支护的设计、施工方法。工程实践表明,逆作法墩式挡墙对此类土岩结合深基坑的适用性较好,计算理论清晰,且具有施工便利、造价经济等显著优势。相关成果可为类似深基坑工程提供技术参考。     

深厚软土层中超深基坑地下连续墙支护的设计与实践

以武汉市长江一级阶地深厚软土层中某超深基坑支护工程为例,根据具体工程地质条件及周围环境条件,详细介绍了地下连续墙支护技术方案、施工技术要点与监测技术要求。实践表明,该方案不仅保证了基坑支护结构及周边环境的安全,而且降低了经济成本,节省了工期,可为类似基坑工程的设计与施工提供参考。     

软土区基坑工程逆作法施工的周边环境影响分析

软土地区的基坑工程施工易对周边环境带来影响。结合上海某基坑工程的逆作法施工的现场监测数据,表明逆作法施工能有效确保周边环境安全,可为地质条件不良、施工场地狭小、环境保护要求较高区域类似工程提供技术参考。     

江苏国际图书中心深基坑支护施工技术

江苏国际图书中心基坑开挖面积及支护深度都较大，通过深基坑支护结构方案设计与施工，从基坑开挖到地下室施工到±0.00 m结束，基坑支护结构安全可靠。详细介绍了基坑支护方案、施工技术以及沉降位移监测和安全技术措施。     

边界环境复杂条件下基坑支护施工技术分析

介绍了广西梧州市河滨饭店原址改造基坑支护工程的场区边界复杂环境条件、基坑支护设计和支护施工技术分析。针对基坑周边场地狭窄,施工边界环境复杂的条件,对不同的支护面采用不同的支护技术措施,很好地解决了在复杂周边环境下基坑支护施工安全性、可靠性不高的问题,又相对降低了整个基坑支护造价。     

土质直立深基坑逆作法支护过程中塌方处理施工实践

山西晋丰煤化工厂基坑边坡支护工程,是国内罕见的大面积直立开挖,以土质和强、中风化砂岩为主的高边坡支护工程,开挖最大深度达22 m,施工工序多,施工难度大,基坑支护主要采用锚索框架梁逆作法施工工法,支护过程中多次出现塌方.本文选取几处典型案例,分析其原因并阐述了处理方案.     

中央电视台新台址建设CCTV中央大楼基坑支护及降水设计、施工重点

随着经济建设及城市建筑的发展,近年来我国的各类建筑与市政工程得到了飞速发展,随之而来的深基坑工程越来越多、越来越复杂,对基坑支护、降水的要求亦越来越高。本文以中央电视台新台址建设CCTV中央大楼基坑工程为例,介绍了对基坑标高复杂、地下水情况复杂的深大基坑的支护、降水设计及施工重点,详细分析了支护、降水特点,简要阐明了设计参数要点及施工重点、难点。此工程的设计、施工经验可广泛应用于众多深基坑工程中,对广大设计、施工人员亦有一定的借签意义。     

既有基坑延深开挖稳定性评价与支护方案确定

以北京市某特殊基坑工程为背景,采用FLAC3D软件,选用Mohr-Coulomb准则,对基坑在现有支护方案条件下进行延深开挖,计算分析桩锚支护体系的变形、受力情况。结果表明,基坑在现有支护方案条件下进行延深开挖将导致护坡桩抗弯性能不足、支护结构水平位移过大、锚固体系失效等问题,要保证基坑延深开挖后的安全稳定,必须对护坡桩增设支点,增加支护力。根据设计变更要求及施工现场实际条件,对多种加固支护方案进行比选,最终选用对护坡桩增设锚索的方案进行延深基坑的预加固。采用数值方法模拟分析上述加固方案后的基坑延深开挖力学行为,预测基坑及支护结构的变形情况,并与现场监测数据进行对比分析。结果表明,基坑延深开挖预加固支护方案合理有效,表明该方法对于类似工程的设计优化及现场施工具有重要的参考意义。     

新型装配式基坑支护结构设计与试验

基坑支护结构作为一种临时支挡设施,如何做到确保安全的前提下降低工程造价、提高施工速度是工程界普遍关心的问题。为此,结合实际工程需要,提出一种施工安全快速、造价低、可回收利用、绿色环保的新型基坑支护型式--十字形装配式基坑支护结构。介绍并设计了该支护结构格构单元的结构选型和计算方法。依托南宁市五象新区某项目做了基坑支护现场试验,结果表明试验值与计算值相近,证明了设计方法的正确性。在该基坑支护结构支护下,基坑稳定性、基坑变形、支护结构强度均满足规范要求,可以在类似的工程中推广应用。     

土钉和锚杆联合在深基坑事故处理中的应用

陕西省靖边县建业大厦基坑深7.5m，原设计采用土钉墙支护，施工过程中发生坍塌。在事故处理中，利用土钉和锚杆联合支护结构，快捷有效地控制变形，加固了险段。详细介绍了土钉-锚杆联合支护结构的设计计算方法和施工技术措施。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861