红外卫星云图和相关向量机的有眼热带气旋客观定强模型

热带气旋TC(Tropical Cyclone)是全球影响最严重的自然灾害之一。TC强度和路径的准确预报,对于减轻其带来的灾害影响至关重要。本文基于静止红外卫星云图和相关向量机RVM(Relevance Vector Machine)构建有眼TC客观定强模型。首先,利用高斯平滑对红外卫星云图进行去噪;然后,利用基于测地活动轮廓GAC(Geodesic Active Contour)模型的偏微分方程PDE(Partial Differential Equation)法对有眼TC的眼壁进行分割,提取眼壁的亮温梯度信息,计算眼壁亮温梯度的最大值及梯度数据不同概率时的均值,从而构造与TC强度密切相关的特征因子;最后,利用RVM构建单特征因子、多特征因子与近地面最大中心风速的客观定强模型,研究不同特征维度对TC客观定强误差的影响。实验结果表明,在单特征因子的模型定强中,95%概率眼壁亮温梯度均值的定强误差最小,相比利用单特征因子所构建的定强模型,多特征因子的模型定强误差更小,即多特征因子中包含更多与TC强度相关的特征信息。在多特征因子的模型定强中,二特征因子优于三特征因子模型,说明应当合理选择特征因子维数,并非越多越好。本文所用RVM模型具有良好的高维非线性处理能力,能对TC强度进行有效估计。     

基于深度学习的高分四号卫星图像超分辨率重建

针对高分四号卫星图像中波红外谱段空间分辨率远低于相应的可见光近红外谱段,提出一种基于深度学习的高分四号卫星图像中波红外谱段超分辨率重建方法。首先,设计卷积回归网络进行初步重建,利用8倍下采样的可见光近红外谱段和原始中波红外谱段训练回归网络。然后,设计卷积重建网络进行进一步重建,利用低分辨率初步重建结果和原始中波红外谱段训练重建网络。最后,将原始可见光近红外谱段依次输入到训练好的回归网络和重建网络,得到最终的中波红外谱段超分辨率重建结果。以湖北和江西部分地区真实数据进行试验,结果表明该方法能有效提高中波红外谱段空间分辨率,与其他方法对比均方根误差至少下降了7.54,且目视效果更清晰自然,有利于扩展高分四号卫星的应用范围。     

辐射传输模型模拟与深度学习结合的高分一号卫星植被光合有效辐射吸收比例产品反演算法

植被光合有效辐射吸收比例FPAR (Fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation)是碳循环光能利用率模型中的关键参数之一。高分系列卫星的发射,为反演定量遥感产品提供了高时空分辨率的卫星遥感数据,基于高分数据的植被光合有效辐射吸收比例产品能够为生态系统碳循环的分析评估提供更加精细、精度更高的输入参数产品。本文发展了一种基于深度学习的光合有效辐射吸收比例反演方法。该方法利用SAIL(Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves)模型模拟多种太阳入射角度、观测角度、大气条件下的植被冠层光合有效辐射吸收比例及冠层反射率,形成海量输入—输出模拟数据集,具有鲁棒性及更好的普适性;基于深度信念网络对数据集进行训练,得到高分一号（GF-1）卫星光合有效辐射吸收比例遥感反演模型。利用中国科学院怀来遥感综合试验站及黑河流域地表过程综合观测网FPAR地面站点连续观测数据对玉米作物、芦苇草地等下垫面反演的FPAR进行了对比验证,RMSE分别为0.15和0.17。本方法以辐射传输模型模拟的多维大气及地表输入...     

FY-4A AGRI陆地气溶胶光学厚度反演

风云四号A星（FY-4A）是中国第二代静止气象卫星的首颗星,多通道扫描成像辐射计AGRI (Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager)是搭载在FY-4A上的主要光学载荷之一。AGRI具有高频率观测特点（每天观测205次）,在大气气溶胶的遥感高频监测方面具有良好应用潜力,但目前官方还未发布相应的气溶胶数据集。本文旨在针对AGRI数据的特点开发基于地表反射率比值库的反演算法以生产高精度的AGRI气溶胶数据集。本文首先基于再分析数据对去云后的AGRI L1级数据进行气体吸收订正;然后利用背景气溶胶光学厚度AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)对一个月内的“次暗像元”进行大气校正以获取AGRI 0.65μm和0.83μm通道的地表反射率,进而获取这两个通道的地表反射率的比值,完成每个月的地表反射率比值库的构建;最后便可以基于已构建的地表反射率比值库实现地气解耦,完成气溶胶的遥感反演。该算法已被应用于2019年5—10月京津冀地区的气溶胶反演,AGRI AOD反演结果与美国国家航天局发布的MODIS (Moderate-resolution ...     

融合物理机理与随机森林算法的FY-4A AGRI数据晴空大气可降水量遥感反演

作为中国发射的风云四号系列首颗卫星,FY-4A搭载了先进的静止轨道辐射成像仪AGRI。本文利用AGRI传感器的中红外到热红外波段观测数据、ERA5水汽再分析产品以及全球无线电探空数据集IGRA等数据进行晴空大气可降水量反演研究。在海洋表面,分别利用回归分析法与随机森林算法反演大气可降水量,反演结果与ERA5水汽产品相比,均方根误差为0.493 cm和0.247 cm。在陆地表面,利用随机森林模型反演大气可降水量,反演结果与ERA5水汽产品相比,均方根误差为0.155 cm;与IGRA水汽产品相比,均方根误差为0.215 cm。结果表明本文使用的随机森林算法可以有效地提升热红外遥感数据反演大气可降水量的精度。     

高分四号卫星在干旱遥感监测中的应用

高分四号(GF-4)是国家高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项天基系统中的一颗地球同步卫星,为探索GF-4号卫星在大面积干旱监测中的应用,本文对该卫星在快速监测大面积干旱方面的应用能力进行了初步探讨。以2016年内蒙古自治区巴林左旗和巴林右旗地区严重旱灾为例,利用NDVI差值对该区域的干旱情况进行了监测,并与MODIS NDVI产品进行对比分析,得到了研究区内2016年干旱分布情况,结果表明其总体趋势与MODIS NDVI产品一致,且细节信息更加丰富。本文主要是GF-4卫星数据结合GF-1卫星数据对内蒙部分干旱区域进行监测和分析,体现了国产高分辨率卫星数据,尤其是GF-4卫星数据,对提高中国突发灾害的应对能力具有重要意义。     

A GEOBIA framework for the implementation of national and international forest definitions using very high spatial resolution optical satellite data

In recent decades, there is an increasing need for harmonised and accurate information on the status and extent of forests. However, delineating the extent of forest areas is a complex task, since the existence of more than 100 definitions of forest worldwide causes considerable discrepancies in forested area estimates. The aim of this work was to examine the potential of geographic object based image analysis (GEOBIA) and very high spatial resolution imagery to discriminate forest areas following two different definitions of forest in northern Greece. In particular, we examined the definition of forest under the Greek law as well as the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation definition. Our findings suggest that the developed GEOBIA approach not only performed remarkably well for the discrimination of forest areas but also allowed to estimate rapidly and reliably forest extents when the two aforementioned forest definitions were employed.     

Monitoring early stage invasion of exotic Spartina alterniflora using deep-learning super-resolution techniques based on multisource high-resolution satellite imagery: A case study in the Yellow River Delta,China

Over the past decades, Spartina alterniflora, one of the top exotic invasive plants in China, has expanded throughout coastal China. In the Yellow River Delta (YRD), the rapid expansion of S. alterniflora has caused serious negative ecological effects. Current studies have concentrated primarily on mapping the distribution of S. alterniflora with medium-resolution satellite imagery at the regional or landscape scale, which have a limited capability in early detection and monitoring of the invasive process at the patch scale. In this study, we proposed a framework for monitoring the early stage invasion of S. alterniflora patches in the YRD using multiyear multisource high-spatial-resolution satellite imagery with various ground sampling distances (WorldView-2, SPOT-6, GaoFen-1, GaoFen-2, and GaoFen-6 from 2012 to 2019). First, we proposed to use deep-learning-based image super-resolution models to enhance all images to submeter (0.5 m) resolution. Then, we adopted stepwise evolution analysis-based image segmentation and object-based classification rules to detect and delineate S. alterniflora patches from the super-resolved imagery. By investigating Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks (SRCNN) and Fast Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks (FSRCNN) and comparing these methods with the conventional bicubic interpolation method for image resolution enhancement, we concluded that FSRCNN was superior in constructing spectral and structural details from the 1 m/1.5 m/2 m resolution images to 0.5 m resolution. FSRCNN, in particular, was more effective and efficient in discerning and estimating the size of small S. alterniflora patches (<50 m²). Using our method, 76 of 83 field-measured small patches were accurately detected and the delineated S. alterniflora patch perimeters agreed well with the field-measured patch perimeters (root mean square error [RMSE] = 8.29 m, mean absolute percentage error [MAPE] = 23.46 %). The invasion process showed fast expansion from 2012 to 2015 and slow growth from 2016 to 2019. We observed that the landward limits of S. alterniflora patches were influenced by elevation and vicinity to tidal creeks.