广西巴里—龙头山100号锡多金属矿床成矿物理化学环境研究——氧逸度(f_(o_2))、CO_2逸度(f_(co_2))、硫逸度(f_(s_2))、mΣs

根据已知的 10 0号矿体的成矿温度及成矿压力 ,并结合矿体的矿物组合推算出10 0号矿体是在相对低硫、氧和二氧化碳逸度 ,溶液为酸性至弱碱性的物理化学环境下形成的。     

招远上庄金矿床Ⅳ号矿体地质特征及成矿预测

通过生产探矿实践总结出上庄金矿床Ⅳ号矿体在平面上，剖面上的变化规律及成矿地质特征，认为Ⅳ号矿体主要受上庄一望儿山断裂带的次级构造控制成矿，是由一系列小矿脉组成的矿体群，并提出深部找矿方向。     

广西大厂91、92号锡多金属矿体的成矿构造特征

文章以大厂矿田91、92号矿体为主要研究对象,通过对大厂矿田成矿背景及91、92号矿体的矿石构造、成矿构造类型及成矿构造系列等研究,主要取得成果和认识:(1)大厂矿田91号、92号矿体矿石构造有韵律层纹条带状构造、网脉状构造、节理脉状构造等,矿体成矿构造类型划分为同生沉积型成矿构造、构造型成矿构造和叠加型成矿构造;(2)通过构造解析,将大厂矿田成矿构造划分为沉积型成矿构造系列、挤压型成矿构造系列、挤压-走滑成矿构造系列三类,分别对应早期(海西期)喷流沉积成矿系列、中期(印支期)剪切带型成矿系列、晚期(燕山期)花岗岩型成矿系列。     

招远上庄金矿床Ⅸ号矿体地质特征及成矿预测

通过生产探矿实践总结出上庄金矿床 号矿体在平面上、剖面上的变化规律及成矿地质特征 ,认为 号矿体主要受上庄 -望儿山断裂带的次级构造控制成矿 ,是由一系列小矿脉组成的矿体群 ;并提出深部找矿方向     

招远上庄金矿床Ⅸ号矿体地质特征及成矿预测

通过生产探矿实践总结出上庄金矿床Ⅸ号矿体在平面上、剖面上的变化规律及成矿地质特征,认为Ⅸ号矿体主要受上庄一望儿山断裂带的次级构造控制成矿,是由一系列小矿脉组成的矿体群;并提出深部找矿方向.     

黄沙坪铅锌矿开展成矿预测探盲又见成效

根据矿床成矿规律，黄沙坪铅锌矿在１２９中段南部３２４号矿体群的南东侧、ＡＦ３断裂的北西侧开展成矿预测，确定找矿靶区，探获到两个盲矿体，创潜在经济价值１９３万元。     

广西龙头山—镇龙山地区金（银）铜铅锌矿成矿规律和成矿预测

深入研究赋矿地层、控岩控矿构造和岩浆岩对成矿作用的控制,发现并研究了黄洞口组浊积岩及其与成矿的关系,发现镇龙山稔竹和那歪帚状构造,修订岩浆岩形成时代和活动期次,更正丽茶山和天平山岩体形成年龄,把燕山晚期岩浆岩划分为2个阶段5次活动,进行有效的成矿预测,圈定成矿预测区21个,筛选出靶区5个,新发现（含老矿区扩大储量0远景可观的矿体（点）4个。     

老代仗沟铅锌矿床V—1矿体空间特征研究

矿体空间特征是矿体数学特征的研究内容之一，它主要是定量地研究并提示矿体的空间变化趋势和成矿过程中主要控矿因素的变化规律。本文通过老代仗沟铅锌矿床Ｖ号矿化带底板的Ｘ值、矿体厚度、品位在三度空间的定量研究，查明了Ｘ值对矿体形态、产状、规模有明显的控制作用；矿体厚度和品位均是由较规则到规则的变化，它们的变化类型和变化方向基本一致；在沿走向－侧伏方向－延深方向上Ｖ－１矿体成矿热液自南东深部向北西浅部流动，     

山东玲珑和焦家金矿成矿深度研究与测算

应用构造作用力影响静水压力的理论，用构造校正方法，测算了玲珑－焦有式金矿的成矿深度。焦家金矿Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体形成深度为２２４３．６ｍ±，Ⅲ号矿体脉群形成深度为１６３２．４ｍ±（１０５Ｍａ±），玲珑金矿四个成矿阶段的深度分别是３４５５ｍ±（２１３Ｍａ±），１９１４．４ｍ±（１００．２８Ｍａ±），１０９１ｍ±（８０．６７Ｍａ±）和７２１ｍ±（７１．８６Ｍａ±）。     

内蒙甲—查银多金属矿田地质特征,成矿中心与隐伏矿体预测

作者根据对甲－查银多金属矿床成矿环境，控矿条件，矿体分布规律的研究总结，并应有和放化富集积数研究成矿元素的分带特征，得出：甲－查矿区存在一个成矿中心，该区域是实现找矿突破，寻找隐伏，柱状或厚板状Ｃｕ、Ａｇ、Ｚｎ富集型矿体的最佳目标。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.