省市县海洋功能区划编制初步研究

结合广东省市县三级海洋功能区划编制实例.分析了海洋功能区划在海洋综合管理中的作用和意义;指出了目前省市县三级海洋功能区划体系中存在的主要问题;并对解决问题的措施开展了初步探讨.     

南黄海盆地下三叠统层序地层格架

南黄海盆地是下扬子地块向海洋的延伸,中、古生界海相地层研究程度较低,仍未开展过系统的地层格架研究,制约了研究区的油气勘探进程。结合陆域下扬子的研究成果,利用研究区以及陆上苏北盆地的地质、钻井、测井、岩心等资料建立起下三叠统的三级层序地层格架。研究结果表明:三级层序边界为岩性转换界面或者不整合面;下三叠统可以划分为3个三级层序,其中每个三级层序又可以划分为海侵和高位体系域,低位体系域均不发育。以上研究为后期沉积相划分、储层预测等提供了可靠的地质依据。     

琼东南盆地陵水组层序格架及沉积体系的时空配置关系

利用层序地层学、沉积学原理和方法,对琼东南盆地古近系陵水组进行了层序划分和沉积体系时空配置关系的研究。建立了陵水组的层序地层格架,将其划分为Els3、ElS2和Elsl三个三级层序,其层序和体系域变化主要受控于凹陷内沉降中心的分布位置,沉积主要受控于盆地边缘的断坡带。每个三级层序低位体系域发育局限,海侵与高位体系域发育。沉积体系构成以扇三角洲、三角洲、滨海平原和浅海为主。探讨了沉积体系的演化,总结了其时空配置关系的特点。     

珠江口盆地西部新近纪高分辨率生物地层及海平面变化分析

珠江口盆地西部新近系主要为陆架浅海沉积环境,发育良好的海相砂岩储集层和多套储盖组合。因此,对这些砂体的成因及赋存位置的海平面变化研究至关重要。在有孔虫及钙质超微化石资料所建立的珠江口盆地西部新生代年代地层格架基础上,以有孔虫个体大于0.25mm的浮游有孔虫丰度和百分含量为依据,参照微体古生物化石带、岩性、电测和地震资料,总结出三级旋回边界和最大海泛面识别标志,从而提出具有国际对比意义的三级层序划分对比方案,对盆地内18口井进行了层序划分,识别出了2个完整的二级层序和15个三级层序。根据南海海域表层沉积物建立起的浮游有孔虫含量与水深的定量关系,得出量化古水深数据,辅以古生态成因相及特征沉积构造分析、海岸上超分析编制了海平面变化曲线,指出珠江口盆地西部新近系受拗陷阶段持续沉降影响,形成不同于海退型全球海平面变化的台阶式海侵特征。     

南黄海陆架沉积环境的聚类分析

通过对描述性资料的Q型聚类、数据资料的R型和Q型聚类的定量分析,南黄海陆架可区分出三级环境和20个沉积亚环境,进一步探讨了1.70MaB.P.沉积环境序列。     

小钦岛土壤理化性质及其影响因子

利用样带与样方结合法进行野外调查,测定土壤主要理化指标,基于SPSS 24. 0进行皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析、单因素方差(One-way ANOVA)分析和最小显著差数法(LSD)多重比较,对小钦岛土壤理化性质的统计学特征及其影响因子进行研究.小钦岛土壤砾石比和含水量平均值分别为20. 04%、7. 35%;铵态氮、速效钾、速效磷、有机质含量平均值分别为23. 67、212. 77、16. 15mg/kg、28. 34 g/kg,分别属于五级、一级、三级和三级水平,大部分属于三级土壤;有机质与含水量、铵态氮、速效磷均呈显著正相关.土壤理化性质主要受植被和坡向影响.通过丰富、加深对庙岛群岛的研究,旨在为海岛的生态保护及开发提供参考.     

东海西湖凹陷平湖组层序地层划分

共识别出平湖组5个三级层序界面T63、T53(Sb1)、T43(Sb2)、T23(Sb3)、T03(Sb4)和3个体系域界面f1、T33(f2)、f3。平湖组共有6个段,可划分出3个沉积旋回。平湖六段未见底,沉积旋回性不清,平湖五段为SⅢ1,平湖四段和三段组成SⅢ2,平湖二段和一段划分为SⅢ3。本区短周期(四级层序)海平面变化曲线的包络线(相当于三级层序)和全球海平面三级周期的变化曲线基本一致,反映全球海平面变化对本区层序发育有明显的影响。     

区域海洋减灾能力评估指标体系构建与权重量化

为有效开展防灾减灾,需要充分了解区域海洋减灾能力现状,从而科学确定未来减灾能力建设的优先领域及重点工程。首先梳理了能力评估与灾害管理阶段、能力建设优先领域、能力评估对象与建设主体等要素之间的关系,以及评估指标体系共性设计与区域个性的关系;其次,通过组织部门及地方的相关减灾机构与专家开展多方参与式讨论,综合了海洋、水文、气象、民政、应急、教育及综合减灾等多个领域专家的减灾经验,构建了区域海洋减灾能力评估三级指标体系,包括6个一级指标、21个二级指标及136个三级指标;然后,基于专家问卷(有效问卷69份)及层次分析(AHP)方法,量化了三级指标体系中各指标的权重。区域海洋减灾能力评估三级指标体系及指标权重成果已在相关市县开展了评估试点应用,为未来在全国范围开展区域海洋减灾能力评估奠定了良好基础。     

新型桁架式Spar生产平台储油系统及总体设计

新型桁架式Spar生产平台具有15 000 t的凝析油储存能力,采用基于油水置换技术和三级油水分离工艺的新型储油系统设计,这在现役和在建的Spar平台中尚属首次。介绍了平台的总体方案,包括主要技术参数、舱室划分、空船重量重心和系泊系统等。阐述了油水置换储油系统的布置方案以及三级油水分离工艺流程。并分析了平台的主要性能,包括气隙、运动耦合、稳性。最后通过风浪流联合运动响应的水池试验,验证了平台在百年一遇的海况下具有良好的运动性能。     

卫星海洋遥感数据的无损压缩及解压算法

在分析卫星海洋遥感单轨三级数据产品特征的基础上,针对游程编码无损压缩算法特征,提出了优化游程编码压缩算法,运用该算法实现了海洋遥感三级数据产品的无损压缩,并与流行的WinRAR压缩软件进行了比较测试,结果表明上述算法对海洋遥感数据均有较高的压缩率,优化游程编码压缩算法在空间复杂度及时间复杂度上均有明显的比较优势,可极大节约海洋遥感数据的存储与共享发布空间。     

Studies of humic and fulvic acid dynamics in coastal marine waters of South Florida

Humic and fulvic acid concentrations (HA + FA) were monitored over a two-year period in different areas of Florida and Biscayne Bay. These studies were undertaken in an effort to determine fluctuations in the quantity and chemical nature of humic substances in productive coastal environments in South Florida and, retrospectively, to discern the extent of potential terrestrial influences. Additional studies have been undertaken with material from a South Florida mangrove environment and material isolated from offshore Gulf Stream waters. Dramatic fluctuations in humic substances were observed in all coastal areas. In East-Central Florida Bay, for example, humic materials (HA + FA, collectively) were found to fluctuate as much as elevenfold. In both Biscayne Bay and Florida Bay, these fluctuations appeared to follow the artificially-controlled input to water from the South Florida mainland. The ratios of FA to HA varied dramatically between terrestrially-influenced and oligotrophic marine environments (i.e. a progressive increase of the FA/HA ratio with this transition). In all marine locations studied, coarse particulate humic substances were low in comparison to the dissolved component of this chemical class.     

Sedimentary humic substances in the northern Adriatic sea (Mediterranean sea)

Humic compounds were determined in sediments collected in an area of the Adriatic sea receiving fresh waters from the river Po. Sediment cores (10 cm) were sectioned into four layers which were analysed separately for redox potential (Eh), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), humic (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) content. The structure of HA and FA was also investigated. The results showed that the TOC and TP content decreased from the coast to the open-sea stations. Humic and fulvic acid concentrations were also inversely correlated to the distance from the coast. Moreover, the humic and fulvic acids were closely correlated to the total organic content and to the total phosphorus content. The correlations found between humic substances (HS) and TOC and TP, respectively, could be explained both by an in situ formation due to the high content of nutrients and organic matter, and by a common source of HS, TOC and TP, namely the River Po discharge. The predominant presence of aliphatic carbon in the humic structures, the low degree of substitution and the high nitrogen content suggest that primarily humified compounds were formed in situ. Nevertheless, the River Po can act both as supplier of organic matter of which decomposition products lead to the formation of humic compound and as carrier of humified compounds.     

海洋浮游植物分解和代谢产物中高分子有机物的紫外、红外和~1H-核磁共振光谱特征

用GDX 102树脂从海洋浮游植物三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)的分解产物和代谢产物中分离提取腐植类物质(DHS,EHS)及乙醇可溶物(DES,EES),用~1H-NMR,IR和UV光谱进行结构分析,并同海水中腐植质(HS)和乙醇可溶物(ES)做了比较。结果表明,DHS,EHS和HS都以高支链烷烃、碳水化合物和氨基酸结构为主要组分,另有少量芳烃和杂环化合物。它们的化学结构很相似,说明DHS和EHS是海水腐植质的重要来源。     

海洋浮游植物分解和代谢产物中高分子有机物的紫外、红外和1H-核磁共振光谱特征

用GDX 102树脂从海洋浮游植物三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)的分解产物和代谢产物中分离提取腐植类物质(DHS,EHS)及乙醇可溶物(DES,EES),用¹H-NMR,IR和UV光谱进行结构分析,并同海水中腐植质(HS)和乙醇可溶物(ES)做了比较。结果表明,DHS,EHS和HS都以高支链烷烃、碳水化合物和氨基酸结构为主要组分,另有少量芳烃和杂环化合物。它们的化学结构很相似,说明DHS和EHS是海水腐植质的重要来源。     

The occurrence of high molecular weight humic material in recent organic-rich sediment from the Namibian shelf

The molecular size distribution of humic substances has been investigated in two recent sediment samples of different ages taken from a single core sample collected off Walvis Bay, south-west Africa. Extractable humic acids were found to be by far the major form of organic carbon in both sediments, the near-surface younger sample containing predominantly high molecular weight (>100 000 molecular weight) humic acids and little fulvic acids whilst the deeper, older sample contained relatively less humic acid and relatively more fulvic acid of a range of molecular weights. A significant age difference was found between the >300 000 molecular weight and the <30 000 molecular weight fractions of the near-surface sample, the lower molecular weight fraction being older than the higher molecular weight fraction.The data suggest that in this rapidly accumulating, organic-rich sediment the first step en route from the planktonic matter to the humic complexes is direct and rapid incorporation of the biogenic material into high molecular weight humic acids.     

新鲜海带中碘的含量与分布

海带中含有高浓度的碘是其独特的化学组成特点,历来被海藻学家所重视(Tang and Chang, 1935, 1936; Black, 1948, 1949; Klemperer, 1957; Fernandez et al., 1964:Dave et al., 1973; Law, 1975; Solimabi and Das, 1977; Yamamoto et al., 1984:Doshi and Joshi,1989; Mairh et al.,1989),但是几乎所有的有关研究方法都基于化学滴定,在材料上局限于海藻干品,另外海带样品含有大量的褐藻多糖以及多酚类化合物,能够包溶部分碘离子及碘单质,因此用常规的化学滴定法误差较大,从而导致试验结果的非重复性和非可靠性。本文利用碘离子选择电极法,直接在样品溶液中测定,不必经过离心、氧化还原等一系列复杂的步骤,测定了新鲜海带中不同部位碘的含量和分布,为进一步研究海带中碘的化学存在形态提供了理论数据。     

Molecular weight and trace metal distributions in fulvic and humic acid fractions of coastal marine sediments

Molecular weight and trace metal distributions of fulvic and humic acid fractions of marine sediments from the Seto Inland Sea were investigated by using a gel filtration technique in combination with atomic absorption and emission spectrometries. A binary molecular weight distribution was found both in the fulvic acid fraction and in the humic acid fraction. The fulvic acid fractions with molecular weights of less than 1.5×10³ and of 5×10³?10⁴ accounted for 38–57 % and 25–41 % of the total fulvic acids, respectively, and the humic acid fractions with molecular weights of 10²?10⁴ and of over 2×10⁵ accounted for 58–73 % and 16–27 % of the total humic acids, respectively. The components with molecular weights of over 1.5×10³ contained 54 %, on average, of the Fe, Zn and Cu in the fulvic acid fraction, and the components with molecular weights of over 10⁴ contained 58 %, on average, of these metals in the humic acid fraction.     

相关亚历山大藻(Alexandrium affine)(非PSP产毒株)毒理的初步研究

采用生物急性毒性实验的方法,对一株不产PSP毒素的相关亚历山大藻（Alexandrium affine株AC-1）的毒性及其毒素（AFT）成分进行研究。结果表明,相关亚历山大藻（AC-1）对卤虫、轮虫、糠虾均有毒性效应,其96hLC50分别为：90cells／ml,1500cells／ml,5000cells／ml。相关亚历山大藻（AC-1）各组分：藻液、细胞重悬液、藻细胞培养过滤液、内容物对卤虫存活率均有显著影响,表明AFT毒素可能来源于细胞内,能分泌到细胞培养液中。通过对该藻过滤液的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性、去蛋白组分毒性、分子量范围、极性、多糖组分鉴定,表明AFT毒素为极性较强的多糖类物质,对热和酸碱稳定．其分子量范围为5-50kDa。     

A study of the formation of high molecular weight compounds during the decomposition of a field diatom population

This work has investigated the possible formation of humic and fulvic acids, particularly high molecular weight moieties, in degrading diatom debris. The diatom debris was collected, freshly sedimented, from a well characterized natural field diatom population and allowed to degrade under conditions similar to those found at the sediment-water interface of many marine, organic-rich sediments.Samples of the detritus and overlying water were taken regularly over a period of 4 months and analysed for the presence of humic compounds. In the case of the detrital material, a sequential series of extractions were used. Molecular weight fractionation of the extracted humic material was carried out using Diaflow Ultrafiltration Membranes and two different fractionation methods have been compared. It appears that the choice of method may have an important effect on the determined distribution of the humic material, particularly when humic acid concentrations are low.High molecular weight (> 300 000- > 100 000) humic and fulvic acids were found in all the detrital samples, the content increasing with the period of decomposition. No evidence of any humic material was found in extracts of the living diatoms, the conclusion being that this material had been formed in situ during the degradation of the diatom debris. Most (65–90%) of the humic material was extracted from the detritus using a mild 0·05 m NaOH extraction at room temperature. Fulvic acids comprised approximately 90% of the total 0·05 m NaOH extraction, being composed mainly of either low molecular weight compounds (40–50% < 10000) or high molecular weight compounds (38–48% > 100000). Levels of humic acids were much lower and included a wide range of molecular weight fractions.The relevance of these findings to the possible origin of humic material in certain marine sediments is discussed.     

三十烷醇对海带叶绿体超微结构的效应

本文将经不同浓度三十烷醇处理的海带进行电镜切片观察,结果表明经三十烷醇处理后的海带,其叶绿体形态发生显著改变。与对照组相比,叶绿体中的类囊体片层增多,基质浓厚,其外形更为饱满,光合作用的强弱与类囊体片层的多少关系密切。文中从细胞学的水平上分析了三十烷醇促进海带增产的内在原因。