中国南沙群岛的双壳纲贝类

报道了中国南沙群岛的双壳纲贝类141种,分隶于5亚纲8目36科77属.从种类的组成中,帘蛤科有18种,蚶科15种,扇贝科11种,鸟蛤科10种,锉蛤科8种,贻贝科、海菊蛤科和樱蛤科各7种,砗磲科6种,其他各科的种类均在5种以内.按种的性质而论,大多数属于和珊瑚礁有密切联系的热带种或亚热带种,区系性质为印度-西太平洋区的印尼-马来亚区.     

越南沿海的双壳纲软体动物

报道了越南沿海的双壳纲软体动物 32 0种 ,隶属 3亚纲、6目、2 6总科、4 1科、1 4 8属。从种类的组成中 ,帘蛤科有 5 7种 ,蚶科 32种 ,樱蛤科 2 9种 ,贻贝科 2 5种 ,鸟蛤科 1 6种 ,牡蛎科 1 4种 ,蛤蜊科 1 3种 ,珍珠贝科和扇贝科各 1 2种 ,紫云蛤科 1 1种 ,竹蛏科 1 0种 ,其他各科的种类均在 7种以内。按种的性质而论 ,越南沿海主要是由热带种和亚热带种类组成 ,还有与珊瑚礁紧密联系的热带种。就越南沿海双壳纲软体动物分类区系而论 ,应属印度—西太平洋区的印尼—马来亚区。     

Relaxation of Selective Constraint on the Ultra-Large Mitochondrial Genomes of Arcidae(Mollusca: Bivalvia)

The mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes) are purportedly under selection for smaller size to improve their replication and translation efficiency. However, the mitogenomes of Arcidae species are larger than those of other bivalves, and are among the largest metazoan mitogenomes reported to date. In order to explore the differences of base composition and selective constraints between the large and small mitogenomes, we compared the mitogenomes of 9 large arcid mitogenomes and 77 small bivalves mitogenomes. Base composition analyses indicated that Arcidae mitogenomes have significantly greater GC skews in both their whole genomes and coding sequences. This result suggests that the replication of the large mitogenomes in Arcidae may be slower than those in other bivalves, exposing the parental strand to deamination for a longer time. Selection pressure analyses showed that the mitochondrial protein-coding genes of Arcidae species have significantly higher Ka/Ks ratios than other bivalves,suggesting that they have accumulated more nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. Seven protein-coding genes(atp6, cox1-3,nad1, nad4 and nad5) show significant difference for Ka/Ks ratios between the Arcidae and non-Arcidae groups. However, these divergences are not observed in the nuclear gene within histone H3. From these observations, we concluded that the large mitogenomes of Arcidae species experienced more relaxed selective constraints. As some Arcidae species are more tolerant to hypoxia that can lead to low metabolic rate, the relaxed selective constraints of mitogenomes may be energy-related. This study provides new insights into the evolution of Arcidae mitogenomes.     

Planaxidae (Mollusca,Gastropoda) from the South China Sea

Planaxidae is a family of tropical and subtropical marine gastropods that are adapted to an intertidal, rocky environment. The present study deals with three species in the family Planaxidae from the South China Sea: P lanaxis sulcatus(von Born, 1778), Angiola longispira(Smith, 1872), and S upplanaxis niger(Quoy and Gaimard, 1833), based on specimens deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Collections of the South China Sea, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The taxonomic status, main morphological characteristics of the shell and radula, distribution, and habitat of these three planaxid species are presented. We also briefly discuss their morphological dif ferences and the biogeographic distribution.     

A new pomfret species,Pampus minor sp. nov. (Stromateidae) from Chinese waters

Thirty-two 63.0–134.4 mm standard length specimens collected during 1954–1990 from the coastal waters of the South China Sea and the continental coast of the Taiwan Strait were identified as a new species,Pampus minor Liuet Li, sp. nov. Contribution No. 3329 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Study supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Grant for Biota Research.     

First report of the genus Lysippe Malmgren, 1866 (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from Chinese waters

The ampharetid genus Lysippe Malmgren, 1866 is reported for the first time from Chinese waters. The identification was based on material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Qingdao). A new species, Lysippe trichobranchia sp. nov. is described. The new species is widely distributed in shallow waters of the Bohai Gulf, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea at depths of 10-40 m.     

ON THE FAMILY LYONSIIDAE (MOLLUSCA:BIVALVIA), WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES FROM THE CHINA SEAS

The present paper deals with 4 species of Family Lyonsiidae , collected from the China Seas : one new genus and new species, Sinolyonsia sinica gen . et sp. nov, one species, Lyonsia kawamurai recorded for the first time from the China Seas , and 2 species L . ventricosa Gould and Agriodesma navicula (Adams et Reeve) reported previously from the Yellow Sea by the author .     

First record of red filament threadfin bream, Nemipterus marginatus (Valenciennes, 1830) (Perciformes, Nemipteridae), from Chinese waters

We collected five specimens of threadfin bream from Beihai, Guangxi, China in March 2010. These were subsequently identified as red filament threadfin bream Nemipterus marginatus (Valenciennes, 1830), being the first record of this species from Chinese waters. N. marginatus is distinguished by the following characteristics: lower border of eye lies above a line from tip of snout to upper base of pectoral fin; mouth oblique, maxillary extending to lower anterior border of pupil; teeth in jaws in several rows, pointed; upper jaw with 3 to 5 pairs of small recurved canines; suborbital with straight lower edge and rounded posterior edge; pectoral fins extending to between level of anus and origin of anal fin; pelvic fins reaching to the first or second anal rays; caudal fin forked, upper lobe tails into a short reddish filament; dorsal fin bluish with a yellow margin distally and a broad yellow median band which subdivides posteriorly into 3 small bands.     

蛤蜊科3种贝类16S rRNA基因片段及ITS2核苷酸序列分析

利用PCR技术分别扩增连云港及启东沿海蛤蜊科的西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)、中国蛤蜊(Mactrachinensis)和四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)3种双壳贝的16S rRNA基因片段和ITS2核苷酸序列,测序后用DNA star软件分析了核苷酸差异。结果显示:三种贝类16S rRNA基因片段长度相同,均为306bp(去除引物),核苷酸存在多态性,共有45个变异位点,54个核苷酸发生了变异,全部为碱基置换。西施舌与中国蛤蜊此片段核苷酸的同源性为88.9%,与四角蛤蜊的同源性为88.6%,中国蛤蜊与四角蛤蜊的同源性为90.6%。三种蛤蜊ITS2序列分别为390 bp(西施舌)4、41 bp(四角蛤蜊)和466 bp(中国蛤蜊),存在长度多态性,ITS2核苷酸差异分析结果显示,西施舌与中国蛤蜊的同源性为70.9%-71.1%,西施舌与四角蛤蜊的为70.5%-71.0%,中国蛤蜊与四角蛤蜊的同源性为88.1%-88.8%。ITS2序列分析结果与16S rRNA基因片段分析结果一致,2种分子分析法均显示中国蛤蜊与四角蛤蜊的亲缘关系近。     

Galatheid squat lobster species from Chinese waters

Five galatheid squat lobster species belonging to four genera of two galatheid families are reported for the first time from Chinese waters, namely Lauriea simulata Macpherson and Robainas- Barcia, 2013, Phylladiorhynchus ikedai （Miyake and Baba, 1965）, Phylladiorhynchus integrirostris （Dana, 1852）, Babamunida sp., and Raymunida elegantissima （de Man, 1902）. The genera Lauriea Baba, 1971 and Babamunida Cabezas, Macpherson, and Machordom, 2008 have not previously been recorded from Chinese waters.     

Versuriga anadyomene,a newly recorded scyphozoan jellyfish (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomae) in Chinese waters

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Scyphozoans are currently causing great concern worldwide due to the effects of their blooms on the marine environment. During a field survey in Beibu Gulf,...     

Agononida Baba and de Saint Laurent, 1996 （Crustacea： Decapoda： Anomura： Galatheoidea： Munididae） from Chinese waters

The present paper reports five species of squat lobster, genus Agononida Baba and de Saint Laurent, 1996, of which A. squamosa （Henderson, 1885） and A. cf. variabilis （Baba, 1988） were not previously reported in Chinese waters. All the specimens are kept in the Marine Biological Museum collection in the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao. To date, there have been l 1 species of this genus recorded from China＇s seas. A key to those species is provided in this paper.     

New genus and species of polyplacophora (Mollusca) from the East China Sea

The present paper dealing with two new species and one new genus of the Polyplacophora, is the first of a series of reports of systematic study on the deep sea mollusca collected by the research vesselsJINXING andKEXUE I of the Academia Sinica, Institute of Oceanology, during 1978 and 1981 from the continental margin to the bathyal zone of the East China Sea. Contribution No. 1647 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Luidia (Paxillosida: Luidiidae) from Chinese waters with cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences

Luidia Forbes (Paxillosida: Luidiidae) are common soft bottom sea stars with 49 described species. Because of substantial morphological diversity, the taxonomy of the genus is complex and hasn’t been resolved definitely. In order to resolve general taxonomic issues, and determine species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Luidia, the sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 24 specimens of Luidia, belonging to eight taxa in Chinese waters, were studied. Three sequences of two species in genus Luidia from GenBank were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships. The molecular phylogeny exhibited three main clades, each with strong bootstrap support: Clade A including Luidia quinaria from the Sea of Japan; Clade B including seven nominal species (L. quinaria von Martens, L. yesoensis Goto, L. changi Liu, Liao and Li, L. orientalis Fisher, L. avicularia Fisher, L. longispina Sladen and L. hardwicki Gray) from Chinese waters; and Clade C including L. maculata Müller & Troschel from Chinese waters. Our molecular phylogeny results support the morphological Quinaria-Group and Alternata-Group assigned by Döderlein. Seven nominal species we sampled do not exhibit genetic distances that are large enough to recognize them as separate species. Cryptic species may exist in’ Luidia quinaria’ from the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. Meaningful morphological characters need further investigation in Luidia.     

A re-investigation of the bloom-forming unarmored dinoflagellate Karenia longicanalis (syn. Karenia umbella ) from Chinese coastal waters

The dinoflagellate genus K arenia is known for recurrent harmful blooms worldwide. However, species diversity of the genus is generally overlooked owing to the difficulty of identifying small unarmored dinoflagellates. We have established four clonal cultures of K arenia longicanalis isolated from the type locality, Hong Kong harbor(strain HK01) and other three locations along the Chinese coasts(strains YB01, DT01, and NJ01). The morphology of the strain was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy(LM and SEM) and the pigment composition analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. We provide the first molecular data of K. longicanalis based on the large subunit(LSU) rRNA gene sequence and internal transcribed spacer(ITS). The four strains showed identical LSU rDNA sequences with a similarity of 99.4% to the holotype of K arenia umbella(strain KUTN05) from Australia. In the ITS phylogeny, the sequence of K. umbella branched between the Chinese strains of K. longicanalis. A careful comparison of the morphology of K. longicanalis and K. umbella reveals the similarity in the diagnostic characters. Diff erences may appear due to the sample treatment for SEM. We conclude that K. umbella is a junior synonym of K. longicanalis.     

A review of genus Nuchequula (Teleostei: Leiognathidae) with the description of a new record from Chinese waters

We collected leiognathid fishes from the Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf between November 2007 and December 2008. Ten of these specimens were identified as Nuchequula blochii (Valenciennes 1835), which is the first record of this species in China’s waters. These specimens are distinguished by the combination of these characteristics: breast fully scaled, cheek naked, anteroventral profile of the lower jaw almost straight, a conspicuous dark blotch distally on the anterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin, a yellow blotch distally on posterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin, and a dark blotch on nape. This paper reviews the genus Nuchequula and describes three species that occur in China’s waters.     

Descriptions of three new species of Mitridae （Mollusca： Gastropoda） from South China Sea

Three new species of Family Mitridae （Mollusca： Gastropoda） from the South China Sea are described in the present paper. They are Ziba aglais sp. nov. B. LI ＆ S. ZHANG, Neocancilla daidaleosa sp.nov. B. LI ＆ X. LI, and Mitra holkosa sp. nov. B. LI. Their systematic positions are also discussed.