索伦霍芬石灰岩中的翼龙：新发现和改变采掘行为的影响

The first discoveries of pterosaur fossils were made at the end of the 18th century and during the first decades of the 19th century in Bavaria, southern Germany. They originate from limestone quarries in the vicinity of the village of Solnhofen and adjacent hamlets as well as from limestone pits close to the town of Eichst?tt.     

鹅喙翼龙的形态学和埋藏学

Cycnorhamphus suevicus is one of the rarest pterosaur species known from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestones of southern Germany. The virtually complete holotype specimen was described by Quenstedt (1855) as Pterodactylus suevicus and rede scribed by Plieninger (1907), and a second incomplete specimen, which was destroyed during World War II,was described by Wagner (1858).     

Comparison in Mineralization between Ferromanganese Nodules and Co-Rich Manganese Crusts in Pacific Ocean

The ferromanganese deposits in the deep- sea floor of thePacific Ocean are classified as two types:polymetallic nodule(hereafter shortened as nodule) and Co- rich crust(hereaftershortened as crust) . The comparative research between thenodule and the crust shows that several similarities and differ-ences are present geochemically between them.Both the nod-ule and the crust consisting of manganese and iron oxide andhydroxide that contain some of transitional and divalent metalelements such as …     

Confirmation and Significance of Caledonian Metallogenic Epoch for Gold Deposits in South China

Caledonian gold deposits are widely distributed in South China.They are developed in both South China Caledonian fold belt and adjacent Proterozoic Jiangnan uplift.The host rocks are Proterozoic metamorphosed microclastic rocks in the Jiangnan uplift and Proterozoic and Cambrian strata,as well as Chengjiang and Caledonian igneous bodies in the South China flod belt.The distince differences between the Caledonian and the most developed Yenshanian glod deposits in South China are reflected in age and host-rock type,relations to Yenshanian magmatic activities,element association,mineral assemblage and glod deposit type.The studies have proven hat the Caledonian epoch is a principal metallogenic period of gold deposits in South China.This conclusion is of very important enlightening significance in exploration of Caledonian gold deposits in South China as well as in other Caledonian fold belts and adjacent uplifts in China.     

High pressure geochemistry:Preface

The origin and history of the Earth are manifested as the evolutionary processes of chemistry and physics of its interiors,which can be recognized by deciphering the geochemical signals recorded in minerals and rocks.Deep interiors of the Earth and other rocky planets are under both extreme pressure and temperature,i.e.,approximately 360 gigapascals(GPa)and as high as 7000 K at the center of the Earth.     

Linking land and sea： Towards global reconstructions of the Jurassic world

The Jurassic is traditionally famous for shallow marine sediments that are often very fossiliferous, notably in Europe, where the standard chronostratigraphic subdivisions were established and defined. However, widespread marginal and non-marine Jurassic sediments are also known, and are of great importance for the wellpreserved terrestrial biotas they contain, as well as for their hydrocarbon and coal reserves. IGCP Project 506 is directed towards finding means of correlation between marine and non-marine Jurassic rocks, as a foundation for a better understanding of the evolution of the Earth during the Jurassic Period.     

Characteristics of Abnormal Pressure Systems and Their Responses of Fluid in Huatugou Oil Field,Qaidam Basin

Abstract: Based on the comprehensive study of core samples, well testing data, and reservoir fluid properties, the construction and the distribution of the abnormal pressure systems of the Huatugou oil field in Qaidam Basin are discussed. The correlation between the pressure systems and hydrocarbon accumulation is addressed by analyzing the corresponding fluid characteristics. The results show that the Huatugou oil field as a whole has low formation pressure and low fluid energy; therefore, the hydrocarbons are hard to migrate, which facilitates the forming of primary reservoirs. The study reservoirs, located at the Xiayoushashan Formation (N21) and the Shangganchaigou Formation (N1) are relatively shallow and have medium porosity and low permeability. They are abnormal low-pressure reservoirs with an average formation pressure coefficient of 0.61 and 0.72 respectively. According to the pressure coefficient and geothermal anomaly, the N1 and N21 Formations belong to two independent temperature-pressure systems, and the former has slightly higher energy. The low-pressure compartments consist of a distal bar as the main body, prodelta mud as the top boundary, and shore and shallow lake mud or algal mound as the bottom boundary. They are vertically overlapped and horizontally paralleled. The formation water is abundant in the Cl– ion and can be categorized as CaCl2 type with high salinity, which indicates that the abnormal low-pressure compartments are in good sealing condition and beneficial for oil and gas accumulation and preservation.     

Study of Residual Basin and Tectonolayering Based on Airborne Gravity and Magnetic Data

This paper takes the South Yellow Sea as an example to show a new method for comprehensive geological-geophysical research such as residual basin and tectonolayering using airborne gravity and magnetic data in China. Based on airborne gravity and magnetic data, by measuring and analyzing stratigraphic density and susceptibility, the depths to the pre-Sinian magnetic basement top, the pre-Jurassic top and the Cenozoic bottom, are obtained by forward and inverse methods constrained by seismic and drilling data; and furthermore, the residual thicknesses of the Sinian–Triassic, the Jurassic–Cretaceous and the Cenozoic are calculated. Based on airborne gravity and magnetic anomalies, the faults in the pre-Sinian magnetic basement, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic are respectively interpreted by the qualitative and quantitative methods. On the basis of the above study, and combining regional important tectonic events, four tectonolayers are divided in the vertical succession in South Yellow Sea, namely the pre-Sinian magnetic basement, the Sinian-Triassic, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic. The result shows that there are thick Cenozoic and Jurassic-Cretaceous strata and thin residual Sinian-Triassic strata in the Suzhong-Huangnan depression area, but there are thin or only sporadic Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrestrial strata and thick Sinian-Triassic marine strata reserved in Subei-Huangzhong uplift area and Sunan-Wunansha uplift area. The four tectonolayers are very different in structures as well as distributions in plane.     

STRATIGRAPHY AND PAL?EONTOLOGY OF THE SINIAN ROCKS OF NANKOU

INTRODUCTION The Sinian rocks in China as far as we know are most well developedin Chihli and Shansi provinces. In Chihli, they are usually restricted to theupper part, as in Ta Yang, Pei Yu, Hsia Ma Ling, Ching Pei Kou and other     

STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE SINIAN ROCKS OF NANKOU

INTRODUCTION The Sinian rocks in China as far as we know are most well developedin Chihli and Shansi provinces. In Chihli, they are usually restricted to theupper part, as in Ta Yang, Pei Yu, Hsia Ma Ling, Ching Pei Kou and other     

Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia

Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered.     

土压缩模量预测回归分析方法

在土压缩模量Es的分析计算中,常用的分析方法是根据土的e-p曲线试验资料建立公式求解,本文引入了数学上的回归分析方法来探讨Es与其它各项物理力学指标参数之间的相关关系,旨在找出对Es影响最显著的指标参数,并建立最优回归方程式,以此来预测Es。研究结果表明:该方法通用性强,应用范围广,亦可推广应用于其它相关领域。     

Causes of salinization of the Gulf of Taganrog

Using the database of automatic hydrometeorological stations, installed in the Don RIver delta and Taganrog Bay seashore, the sources of the anomalois scale water negative surge and salinization of the Azov Sea under conditions of low river flow in 2015–2016 are studied. The new schemes of stratification and advection of salty sea waters in the Don River mouth under different weather conditions, water discharge and levels are given.     

岩石坚硬程度对核电厂地基-基础地震响应特征的影响分析

考虑核电厂地基-基础的动力相互作用,应用显式动力有限差分法分析了地震作用下极软岩、较软岩、坚硬岩上核电厂建筑结构基础的地震响应特征,比较了岩石坚硬程度对基础加速度反应谱的影响。研究表明：随着岩石坚硬程度的提高,核电厂建筑物结构基础的地震响应有增加的趋势;在周期轴上,基础处的加速度反应谱曲线会随着岩石坚硬程度的提高逐渐向短周期（高频段）方向移动。在高频段,建造于较坚硬岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在中等频段,建造于较软岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在低频段,岩石坚硬程度对加速度反应谱的影响不显著。     

电信网络两类逻辑图自动生成算法

为解决电信手工绘制的逻辑图不易维护的问题,研究了电信带方向逻辑图和不带方向逻辑图的自动生成算法.算法是从数据库提取缆线的路由信息,用深度优先的方式遍历缆线经过的所有坐标,采取回溯的方式,计算缆线在每个点的偏移值,调整缆线顺序,自动绘制逻辑图.产生的逻辑图没有不必要的交叉,避免了传统的手工绘制.结果表明,对于常用的电信逻辑图,自动生成算法是可以满足要求的.      

黄土路基沉降曲线特征分析

在分析郑西客运专线试验段路基沉降实测资料的基础上,提出沉降变形常规预测方法受观测时间及单次观测结果的影响比较大,不利于用来预测最终沉降。通过分析现场沉降变形与时间关系曲线,提出路基沉降的发展主要受固结的影响,其发展是一个从沉降增加到趋缓的过程,可以明显分为固结变形及流变变形,并用非饱和土等效固结理论加以解释,提出了一种利用s- 曲线特征预测最终沉降量的方法,经检验对比发现其预测结果受观测时间及单次观测结果的影响比较小,优于其它常规预测方法     

Outline of metallogeny of copper deposits of Cuba

Copper deposits of Cuba belong to the Jurassic lead-zinc-copper, Cretaceous copper and Paleogene copper complexes, which differ substantially in their formation conditions. The island is differentiated into a number of metallogenic zones formed at the initial and early stages of the Cuba folded province. Pinar del Rio, Pinos, Trinidad and Oriente zones, of an intrageanticlinal nature, are prospective with respect to copper vein deposits of the lead-Zinc-copper complex. The Sasa and Cauto zones - intrageosynclinal - are prospective with regard to copper-pyrite and copper vein deposits of the Cretaceous complex. A metallogenic study of the island is indicated in planning the exploration of its copper prospects. -- AGI Staff.