蒙古国查干苏布尔加大型铜-钼矿床地质特征及成因

查干苏布尔加斑岩铜钼矿床位于西伯利亚板块南缘近东西向和北东向深大断裂所夹持的南蒙古构造岩浆带内, 容矿围岩二长花岗斑岩与花岗闪长斑岩主量元素高SiO2(64.69?10?2~73.42?10?2), 高Al2O3 (15.33?10?2~18.35?10?2), 贫MgO(0.13?10?2~0.56?10?2), 微量元素Sr二长花岗斑岩略低(144?10?6~175?10?6), 花岗闪长斑岩表现为高Sr(样品>300?10?6, 476?10?6~720?10?6), 二者均低Y(Y<18?10?6, 2.21?10?6~ 10.20?10?6), 低Yb(Yb<1.9?10?6, 0.30?10?6~1.48?10?6), 高Sr/Y(Sr/Y>20, 21.8~63.52), 稀土元素特征为亏损重稀土, 无明显负铕异常, (87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70154~0.70397, (143Nd/144Nd)i=0.512290~0.512600,εNd(t)为+2.4~+8.5, 二长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩均具有埃达克质岩特征, 但二长花岗斑岩与花岗闪长斑岩主、微量和稀土元素又存在一定差别, 它们可能是岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。通过年龄测定, 获得辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(370.0±5.9)Ma, 二长花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb加权平均年龄为(365.7±3.6)Ma, 铜钼矿形成时代与二长花岗斑岩形成时代相近, 均形成于晚泥盆世。铜钼矿床与二长花岗斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩紧密共生, 矿区范围内二长花岗斑岩与花岗闪长斑岩多被蚀变并矿化, 表明二长花岗斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩与铜钼矿化存在密切的时空关系, 为铜钼成矿提供了主要成矿物质和流体来源。     

南岭大东山花岗岩的形成时代与成因——SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学

中国东南部南岭地区广泛出露以弱过铝质黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母钾长花岗岩为主的燕山早期花岗质岩石,其成因有待进一步研究。大东山岩体岩性主要为黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母钾长花岗岩,两个样品的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 年龄为165±2 Ma 和159±2 Ma,与区域南岭系列的黑云母花岗岩的主要形成时代一致。花岗岩样品以高硅（SiO2 > 72%）、高钾（K2O/Na2O > 1.6）、富碱（K2O + Na2O = 7.36% ~ 9.31%）和弱过铝质（集中于ASI = 1.00 ~ 1.11）为特征。微量和稀土元素组成上,岩体富Rb, Th 和LREE,贫Ba, Nb, Sr, P 和Ti, Eu 负异常显著（δEu = 0.06 ~ 0.34）。多数样品的Zr,Ce, Nb 和Y 含量总和小于350×10-6,10 000 × Ga/Al 值低于典型的A 型花岗岩。同位素组成上,样品具有高I sr（ 0.7123 ~ 0.7193）和低εN（d t）（-9.3~ -11.5）的特点,两阶段Nd 模式年龄为1.70~1.89 Ga ;与全岩εNd（t）不同,岩浆锆石的εHf（t）具有较大的变化范围（-3.5~ -11.8）。矿物学及地球化学结果表明大东山是一个高分异的I 型花岗岩岩体。岩体岩浆很可能是由元古代火成岩石部分熔融形成,并伴随有少量年轻或新生幔源物质的加入,岩浆上升侵位的过程中发生混合、结晶分异作用。     

粤北白沙岩体早白垩世细粒花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征 及成因意义

粤北佛冈岩体北缘的白沙岩体细粒黑云母二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为130.3±3.0 Ma,表明细粒黑云母二长花岗岩侵入于早白垩世.岩体高硅(SiO2=70.64~75.01 wt%),高Na2O+K2O(7.62~8.33 wt%),低P2O5(0.024~0.100 wt%),富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb、Nd、Zr和Hf等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、La、Ce、Sr、P和Ti等.明显富集轻稀土元素[(La/Yb)N=6.74~54.69],显示明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.15~0.35),少量正Eu异常(δEu=0.82~1.19).这些地球化学特征指示细粒黑云母二长花岗岩为高分异I型花岗岩.锆石Hf同位素研究结果表明,εHf(t)=-7.3~-10.6,其平均值为-8.89.其两阶段模式年龄(T2DM)主要为1654~1865 Ma(n=8),平均值为1751 Ma.佛冈复式岩体早白垩世细粒黑云母二长花岗岩形成于古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的陆缘弧构造背景下,其地球化学特征表明其物质主要来源于古元古代地壳的杂砂-泥质源岩部分熔融,并有少量幔源物质参与.     

江南造山带东部旌德高Sr/Y花岗闪长岩的形成机制及其构造意义

旌德岩体是江南造山带东部一个典型的高Sr/Y岩体。锆石的原位U-Pb定年表明,该岩体侵位于141±1Ma。岩体由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。全岩地球化学表明,高的碱(K2O+Na2O=6.64%~8.01%),K2O/Na2O值(变化范围在0.78~1.04),Sr(189×10-6~452×10-6)和LREE;低的HREE和HFSE含量,Eu有轻微的负异常到弱的正异常(δEu=0.81~1.18)。岩体具有高的Sr/Y值(23~66)和(La/Yb)N值(13~58),低Y(6.03×10-6~14.5×10-6)、Yb(0.36×10-6~1.17×10-6),且MgO、Cr、Ni含量较低,与中国东部中生代埃达克质岩的地球化学特征相似。岩体中黑云母为镁质黑云母,显示寄主岩为壳幔混合来源。斜长石主要为奥长石、中长石。初始87Sr/86Sr为0.7096~0.7101,εNd(t)值为-12.92~-6.28,二阶段Nd模式年龄tDM2=1.4~1.9Ga。岩体中发育有岩浆混合成因的暗色包体,指示有幔源岩浆参与。结合前人研究成果,早白垩世,先前(新元古代)发生交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,岩浆底侵到壳幔过渡带附近,导致下地壳发生部分熔融形成了旌德岩体,且发生了岩浆混合作用。江南造山带东段上发育独特的150~135 Ma的岩浆活动和成矿作用,可能与江南造山带新元古代华夏陆块与扬子陆块发生拼合形成初生地壳物质的中生代再造有关。高Sr/Y比值的旌德岩体可能代表晚侏罗世—早白垩世挤压增厚事件的结束,指示了江南造山带东部从造山增厚向伸展垮塌的转折时期的岩浆活动。     

青藏高原古特提斯洋早石炭世弧后拉张:来自A型花岗岩的证据

本文报道了羌塘中部冈玛错钾长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。钾长花岗岩中的锆石具岩浆生长环带,未见继承的老核,并且锆石Th/U比值大于0.5(0.58~1.05),显示出典型岩浆成因的锆石特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果为352.4±1.9Ma,表明其形成时代为早石炭世。钾长花岗岩富硅(Si O_2=74.17%~77.88%),低铝(Al2O3=10.50%~11.98%),贫镁(Mg O=0.23%~0.36%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=5.74%~7.24%),Na_2OK_2O,K_2O/Na_2O=0.53~0.71,A/CNK=0.87~1.06,富集轻稀土元素和Zr、Hf、Rb、Th和U等元素,亏损Sr、Eu、P和Ti等元素,10000Ga/Al=3.12~4.14,显示出A2型花岗岩的地球化学特征。钾长花岗岩中锆石的εHf(t)值和Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄分别变化于+4.40~+12.14和549~985Ma,显示出正的、不均一的同位素组成,可能形成于壳-幔混合作用,其中幔源端元应当是伸展环境下上涌的地幔岩浆,而壳源端元则可能是扬子板块新元古代的新生地壳部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆。结合区域地质资料,认为该花岗岩可能形成于古特提斯洋壳对羌北-昌都板块北向俯冲引起的陆缘弧后拉张环境。     

江西乐安县咸口花岗岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MS定年及构造意义

江西乐安县咸口花岗岩体主要由中粗粒巨斑状黑云二长花岗岩、中粗粒少斑黑云二长花岗岩组成,另有较多细粒碱长花岗岩脉,总体呈偏心式环套状分布。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为230±4Ma、235±3Ma和235±3Ma,形成于中三叠世。岩石具有高硅(SiO2=70.35%~76.89%),富碱(Na2O+K2O=6.77%~11.40%),弱过铝-强过铝(A/CNK=1.00~1.18,平均1.07)的特征。主体花岗岩富集稀土元素[∑REE=(121.52~383.33)×10-6]和高场强元素(Y、Zr、Nb等),晚期强分异并受流体作用的细粒碱长花岗岩稀土含量低[∑REE=(25.85~43.75)×10-6]。具有S型-铝质A型过渡型花岗岩的特征。(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.7082~0.7120,εNd(t)值介于-7.07~-8.10之间,平均值为-7.48,t2DM为1585~1669Ma,平均1618Ma,显示其物源以地壳物质为主,混有地幔组份,钾长石Pb同位素组成也显示壳幔混源的特征。提出咸口岩体形成于后造山的构造环境。     

赣南营前岩体的年代学、地球化学、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

赣南营前岩体由早期似斑状花岗闪长岩和晚期细粒黑云母花岗岩组成,在前者中普遍发育暗色基性包体。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年显示似斑状花岗闪长岩为172.2±3.1Ma,细粒黑云母花岗岩为168±3Ma,包体为167.6±3.3Ma。所有的岩石均为钙碱性系列,稀土元素显示LREE富集,HREE亏损,Eu负异常并不明显的特征,Nb-Ta负异常显示壳源物质的特征。晚期细粒黑云母花岗岩、早期似斑状花岗闪长岩、暗色包体的(87Sr/86Sr)i和εNd(t)值分别为0.70885～0.70965、0.71058～1.46393、0.70788～0.70923和-6.38～-5.31、-6.51～-5.17、-5.47～-4.31;锆石εHf(t)值分别为-12.4～-5.7、-9.2～-4.2、-9.4～+0.1。结合岩相学、地球化学研究,初步认为营前岩体的两期花岗质岩石源于地壳重熔,地幔底侵导致地壳熔融形成营前岩体,基性岩浆加入到未冷却的酸性岩浆中形成了目前所见到的暗色包体。结合区域上的研究资料,认为中侏罗世期间,沿"十杭"断裂带及与其相平行的一些深断裂发生了板块的撕裂,这些缝合带是岩石圈相对薄弱的地带,有利于幔源物质底侵上升以及壳幔相互作用。     

赣西北麦斜岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学以及Sr-Nd同位素研究及其岩石成因

赣西北麦斜岩体以灰白色中细粒等粒黑云母花岗闪长岩为主。本文通过锆石LA-ICP-MS法测得黑云母花岗闪长岩的侵位年龄为433.4±7.1Ma(MSWD=0.82)和431.8±6.0 Ma(MSWD=0.43),表明其属于早古生代岩浆活动的产物。岩石含少量角闪石,地球化学特征显示高硅(SiO_2=62.0%~71.43%)、高钾(K_2O/Na_2O=0.88~2.42)、富碱[(K_2O+Na_2O)=5.39%~8.12%]、低Fe_2O_3(2.61%~5.70%)、MgO(0.96%~2.90%)、CaO(1.39%~5.11%)、TiO_2(0.27%~0.67%)、P_2O_5(0.06%~0.10%)含量,整体弱过铝质(A/CNK介于0.98~1.25之间,平均为1.08)特征,且P_2O_5含量与SiO_2含量呈明显的负相关关系,矿物学和地球化学特征显示其属于高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩。微量元素特征上表现为富集Rb、Th、Pb和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P、Ba、Sr等元素,轻重稀土分馏明显[(La/Yb)_N=5.00~40.42,平均为17.17],弱到中等Eu负异常(δEu=0.63~1.00,平均为0.77)。岩石具有均一的Sr-Nd同位素组成[(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.708444~0.708962,ε_(Nd)(t)=-7.48~-7.22,t_(2DM)(Nd)=1.75~1.87Ga,平均为1.81Ga],相对较高的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值和低ε_(Nd)(t)值及较古老Nd模式年龄暗示其来自以古元古代地壳为主要成分的部分熔融作用产物。综合实验岩石学以及样品地球化学特征,表明麦斜黑云母花岗闪长岩形成于中、下地壳中-基性岩(如角闪岩)的水不饱和部分熔融,初始岩浆中可能有一定量的幔源物质混入,并经历了广泛的角闪石、黑云母、钛铁矿、榍石、斜长石、磷灰石等矿物的分离结晶作用,这些幔源物质是华南古元古代时期经历了俯冲流体的交代作用而形成富集地幔的部分熔融产物。结合区域地质背景以及岩石地球化学特征认为其可能形成于陆内后碰撞环境,由幔源基性物质底侵,导致华南早古生代中下地壳部分熔融而形成广泛分布的华南早古生代陆内岩浆岩。     

广西三叉冲钨矿有关岩体岩石成因：锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学及Nd同位素制约

华南西南部博白-岑溪多金属成矿带是华南地区重要成矿带。在该带中先后发现的米场、油麻坡、三叉冲等中大型钨钼矿与晚中生代白垩纪花岗岩关系密切。本文选择了该区典型岩体——三叉冲岩体进行研究,通过对其特征及成因的研究对该地区成矿作用提供指示意义。三叉冲岩体由斑状中粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒二云母花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年表明,斑状中粒黑云母花岗岩形成于101~104 Ma,细粒二云母花岗岩形成于103~105 Ma。两种花岗岩都具有较大的化学成分变化,但具有相似的Nd同位素组成,εNd(t)值分别为–7.5~–6.5和–7.8~–6.7。我们认为中粒黑云母花岗岩为中元古界中-高钾玄武岩成分基底部分熔融,并与幔源基性岩浆发生岩浆混合作用形成的。在中粒黑云母花岗岩的演化过程中有角闪石+少量斜长石的分离结晶作用。细粒二云母花岗岩具有明显不同于中粒黑云母花岗岩的Na2O和K2O演化趋势;且具有更高的 CaO 和 Sr 含量;同时,细粒二云母花岗岩具有高得多的 La/Lu 比值,这些证据都表明细粒二云母花岗岩并非中粒黑云母花岗岩通过分离结晶形成的。细粒二云母花岗岩为中元古界长英质麻粒岩+少量拉斑玄武岩成分部分熔融产生中酸性岩浆,并与幔源岩浆发生混合作用形成的。幔源岩浆贡献的挥发分F使得细粒二云母花岗岩朝更富Na2O的方向演化。在细粒二云母花岗岩的演化过程中以黑云母+钾长石+斜长石的分离结晶为主。野外地质调查、岩石学及地球化学数据表明,细粒二云母花岗岩与三叉冲钨钼成矿作用的关系更为密切。晚中生代,受太平洋板块的俯冲作用的影响,桂东南地区处于拉张构造环境。软流圈上涌及玄武质岩浆底侵为基底的部分熔融提供了必要的热源,同时也为三叉冲岩体的形成提供了物质来源。     

西藏雄村特大型铜金矿床容矿火山岩的成因及其对成矿的贡献

岩石学、地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb同位素研究表明,西藏冈底斯铜矿带雄村特大型铜金矿床的容矿火山岩为一套具超浅成侵入特点的英安斑岩,SiO2含量集中在61.97%~64.31%之间,富Na2O、低K2O,Na2O/K2O比值平均为5.25。地球化学上明显富集大离子不相容元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb,同时高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti处于亏损状态。Sr、Nd同位素组成变化范围小(87Sr/86Sr=0.705154~0.708267,ISr=0.704299~0.705357;143Nd/144Nd=0.512730~0.512931),具有富集地幔特征;Pb同位素组成显示出地幔铅与造山带铅的双重特性(206Pb/204Pb=18.170~18.432,207Pb/204Pb=15.485~15.546,208Pb/207Pb=37.993~38.392)。研究指出它们是早侏罗世(195Ma)由雅鲁藏布江洋壳向欧亚大陆之下俯冲形成的岛弧火山岩,岩浆源区具有EM1型原始地幔富集特征,同时有一定数量的俯冲沉积物加入了地幔源区的部分熔融。根据雄村矿床的成矿时代和矿化特征,笔者认为该矿床的成因类型与胶东焦家式金矿一致,为破碎带蚀变岩型。旦狮庭组容矿火山岩对成矿的贡献在于作为矿源层为矿床提供了成矿金属元素。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861