Early Cambrian Ichnofossils from the Mussoorie Syncline and revision of Trace Fossil Biozonation of the Lesser Himalaya,India

A new locality bearing ichnofossils of the Cruziana Assemblage Zone-Ⅲ from the Mussoorie syncline,Lesser Himalaya,is located in rocks of Member-B of the Dhaulagiri Formation,Tal Group,exposed along the Maldewta-Chhimoli fresh road cut section.The site yielded ichnofossils Bergaueria perata,Cochlichnus anguineus,？Diplocraterion isp.,Dimorphichnus obliquus,diplichnitiform Cruziana bonariensis,Diplichnites gouldi,Glockeria isp.,Helminthopsis isp.,Monomorphichnus lineatus,Phycodes palmatum,Palaeophycus striatus,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites montanus,Treptichnus cf.T.pedum,scratch marks and an undetermined worm impression.An Early Cambrian age （Cambrian Series 2） is assigned to the ichnofossil-bearing strata based on the stratigraphic position between the Drepanuroides and Palaeoolenus trilobite zones.A revised Cambrian ichnofossil zonation is presented for the Tal Group of the Mussoorie syncline.Together with their occurrence on rippled surfaces,and the lateral displacement of some trackways （due to current action）,a sub-aqueous shallow-marine depositional setting is proposed for the rocks of Member-B.     

Stratigraphic evolution of the Proterozoic succession in the western part of the Chattisgarh basin,India

The Meso to Neoproterozoic succession in the western Chattisgarh basin around Rajnandgaon has been classified into coarse siliciclastic dominated proximal and fine siliciclastic-carbonate dominated distal assemblages. The proximal assemblage, the Chandarpur Group, unconformably overlies the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic Dongargarh- Kotri volcanics (c.2.2-2.3 Ga), Bengpal Granite (c.2.5-2.6 Ga) and BIF of the Dalli-Rajhara Group (~2.4 Ga). The Chandarpur Group consists of 15-20 m thick conglomerate and feldspathic sandstone at the basal part of the succession, which is mapped as a lateral equivalent of the Lohardih Formation. The coarse clastics, conglomerate succession gradationally passes up to ~280 m thick succession of supermature sandstone, the Kansapathar Formation. The thick mudstone dominated heterolithic unit, the Gomarda Formation and its lateral equivalent, the Chaporadih Formation is not present in the western part of the Chattisgarh basin. The fine siliciclastic-carbonate assemblage of the Raipur Group conformably overlies the Chandarpur Group. The Raipur Group consists of Charmuria Limestone (~320 m), Gunderdehi Shale (~450 m), Chandi Limestone (~ 550 m) with Deodongar Member (~50 m) and Tarenga Shale. The sediments of Chandarpur Group were deposited in a shallow marine environment with occasional fluvial input in a relatively fluctuating sea level. The palaeoshoreline was NW-SE oriented with an open sea towards north which remained same throughout the deposition of the Chandarpur-Raipur sequence. It has also been inferred that the Lohardih Formation and the Kansapathar Formation represents a rifting phase followed by a stable subsidence stage when the basin evolved into a large epicontinental sea. The sequences further display signatures of passive margin sedimentation with multiple events of carbonate-shale rhythmite deposition.     

First record of metazoan eggs and embryos from early Cambrian Chert Member of Deo ka Tibba Formation,Tal Group,Uttarakhand Lesser Himalaya

The phosphatized globular to sub-oval metazoan eggs with distinctively ornamented covering and phosphatized polar lobe forming embryos are recorded for the first time from the black phosphatic chert lenticles and bands of early Cambrian Chert Member of Deo ka Tibba Formation, Tal Group, Uttarakhand Lesser Himalaya. Similar metazoan eggs have been recorded earlier from early Cambrian rocks of Shaanxi Province, China, northwestern Canada, Australia, Mongolia, Siberia and Kazakhstan. These eggs are found in association with Small Shelly Fossils (SSF) and may belong to them. However, polar lobe forming embryos have been earlier recorded from Neoproterozoic rocks of southwestern China only. Similar embryos are common in modern molluscs and bilaterians.     

东昆仑造山带纳赤台群流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄

纳赤台群是东昆仑早古生代造山带中岩石组成复杂的重要岩石地层单位,长期以来对其形成时代存在较大分歧。采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法,对格尔木南水泥厂地区出露的纳赤台群石灰厂组流纹岩进行了高精度年代测定,结果表明,流纹岩中13个岩浆岩锆石206Pb/238U年龄平均值为450.4 ± 4.3 Ma,它被解释为火山作用年龄,由此限定纳赤台群石灰厂组火山岩段形成时代为晚奥陶世。      

四川天全、芦山、宝兴地区名山组地层特征

下第三系名山组广泛分布于天全-芦山复向斜内,地层出露良好。笔者(1989—1991年)在参加1:5万天全幅、灵关幅区域地质调查时,根据岩组图填图要求,又进一步展开了对名山组的研究。本文简要地介绍了新实测的地层剖面,以及重新将名山组划分为4个段和新建大溪砾岩等填图单元的情况;并阐述了将芦山组归并于名山组上部(4段)而取消该组名称的依据。综述了研究区的岩石组合特征、沉积构造,建立了地层层序。将名山组沉积环境解释为辫状河及湖泊环境。     

陆相渐新统划分中的问题及新进展

近年来国际上关于始新世－渐新世界线的研究取得了重大进展，其同位素年龄被确认为３４Ｍａ，北美哺乳动物年代表已据此重新厘定。通过对哺乳动物群的分析和对比，论证了我国原认为是早渐新世的乌兰戈楚期和呼尔井期的时代应改归晚始新世，原认为是中渐新世的三达河期的时代应为早渐新世。在亚洲始新世－渐新世的界线不是在乌兰戈楚期之末，而是在呼尔井期与三达河期之间。     

西藏西部昂拉仁错地区下白垩统岩石地层特征及空间变化规律

将西藏昂拉仁错地区下白垩统划分为则弄群、多尼组、郎山组和捷嘎组4个正式岩石地层单位。讨论了各组段的空间分布、岩石组合特征、沉积环境及横向变化规律。认为多尼组仅分布于班戈-八宿地层分区的东部,在改则厚齿玛里以西相变尖灭,与则弄群二段既有上下层位关系又呈横向相变关系。郎山组为只见于昂拉仁错北部班戈-八宿地层分区内的一套稳定碳酸盐台地相沉积,而捷嘎组为只见于昂拉仁错中南部措勤-申扎地层分区内的较活动的火山活动碳酸盐台地相沉积。郎山组与捷嘎组为同时异相关系。     

吐哈盆地西南缘铀成矿的层位标定

吐哈盆地是中国最近发现的核资源基地,但在2000年以前,这里的地层问题一直困扰着铀矿的勘探和生产。针对目标地层的时代判别与对比,作者除了运用传统的生物地层学和岩石地层学方法外,还成功地将泥岩矿物学和元素地球化学作为辅助标志应用其中。研究结果认为,目标地层形成于早侏罗世晚期至中侏罗世早期,属于水西沟群,主要由八道湾组、三工河组、西山窑组下段、西山窑组中段和西山窑组上段5个地层单位构成。铀矿化主要发育于西山窑组,其下段和上段是最主要的含矿层,中段为次要含矿层。八道湾组和三工河组基本上无矿化。     

碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混合地层沉积特征与演化－以神木气田太原组为例

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘的神木气田太原组为特征性的碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩互层含煤岩系.近期天然气勘探证实其具有良好的开发潜力.为指导神木气田太原组开发和盆地太原组储层勘探,根据测井、录井、常规薄片、铸体薄片、物性和粒度资料,结合岩芯描述,研究了神木气田太原组地层组合、沉积特征、沉积环境演化、砂体宽度以及沉积相对储层控制作用.太原组地...     

北京延庆千沟中元古代高于庄组第三段:一个典型的前寒武纪非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列

在前寒武纪碳酸盐岩中,最为普遍的是叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,而以潮下相沉积为主的非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列与前者形成了较大的差异;因此,与叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列一样,非叠层石序列成为了解前寒武纪复杂多变的碳酸盐世界的重要线索。燕山地区中元古代高于庄组为一套厚度千余米的碳酸盐沉积序列,包括四大部分:第一段（或称为官地亚组）为发育在海侵砂岩上的叠层石白云岩地层;第二段（或称为桑树鞍亚组）为发育少量叠层石的含锰白云岩地层;第三段又称为张家峪亚组,为一套以发育灰岩为主的非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列;第四段以叠层石岩礁和叠层石礁白云岩为特征。延庆千沟剖面的高于庄组第三段的非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,贫乏叠层石是其基本特点,包含3个三级层序,在三级层序的海侵体系域和早期高水位体系域中,层面上发育席底构造的中层均一石灰岩（隐藻泥晶灰岩）和灰黑色薄层泥灰岩组成若干潮下型米级旋回,晚期高水位体系域则以厚层块状纹理石灰质白云岩和白云质灰岩为特征;三级层序的凝缩段单元则以薄层泥灰岩和泥页岩构成的L-M型米级旋回为特征。因此,每一个三级层序均以一个有序的沉积相序列为特征。高于庄组的分布时限大致为200 Ma（1 600～1 400 Ma）,考虑到下伏的大红峪组和高于庄组之间的地层间断时限大致为50 Ma至100 Ma,所以推断高于庄组的堆积作用时限为100 Ma（1 500～1 400 Ma）左右,其中高于庄组第一段与第二段的分界线正好处于该组的中部而可以推断该界线的大致为1 450 Ma左右;因此,高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列的发育表明,在1 450 Ma左右可能发生过一次可以与前寒武纪其他已经被识别出的三次叠层石衰减事件（2 000 Ma、1 000 Ma和675 Ma）相比拟的又一次叠层石衰减事件。延庆千沟剖面高于庄组第三段的非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,可以大致与北美地区的起始时限为1 450 Ma左右、Belt超群中的Helena组非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列相对比,表明了1 450 Ma左右的叠层石衰减事件具有全球性,从而赋予高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列重要的沉积学意义。延庆千沟剖面高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,特别的岩石类型和沉积构造,成为前寒武纪碳酸盐岩沉积中非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列的典型代表,由其所代表的沉积学特点将有助于深入理解漫长的前寒武纪碳酸盐沉积作用的变化规律而具有重要意义。     

Daly Basin,Northern Territory: lithostratigraphic revision resolves context of incongruous Ordovician fossils

A local succession of interbedded dolostone, limestone and glauconitic sandstone in the central Daly Basin of the Northern Territory, dated as Early Ordovician, has for many years appeared incongruous in terms of lithology and age relative to mapped formations of the Cambrian Daly River Group. Geological mapping and stratigraphic drilling have now shown that this interval, recently named the Florina Formation and described here, unconformably overlies the karstified surface of the uppermost formation of the Daly River Group, the Oolloo Dolostone. It is the youngest formation of the Daly Basin succession, but due to the lengthy hiatus between it and the underlying units, it is not included within the Daly River Group. It comprises three intervals of carbonate rocks alternating with thicker intervals of siliciclastic rocks. The latter are viewed as forming under dominantly moderate energy, shallow marine conditions with sediments derived from a distant terrigenous source. The carbonate rocks were dominantly subtidal, too far offshore to receive significant amounts of terrigenous material but shallow enough to be above storm wave base. The Oolloo Dolostone is formally divided here into two members, the lower Briggs Member and the upper King Member. Both consist largely of dolostone, but the Briggs Member is typically well bedded, contains ooids and has a minor component of quartz sand. It accumulated mainly as ooid shoals seaward of tidal flats. The overlying King Member is massive to coarsely bedded with only traces of terrigenous sediment and was deposited in deeper water seaward of the Briggs Member.     

Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian) stratigraphy and structure of the Walterstown-Kentstown area,Co. Meath,Ireland

Stratigraphic units are defined and described for the Lower Carboniferous succession in the Walterstown-Kentstown area of Co. Meath, Ireland. A complete (unexposed) Courceyan succession from the terrestrial red bed facies of the Baronstown Formation to the Moathill Formation of the Navan Group has been penetrated in several boreholes. Although the lower part of the sequence is comparable with the Courceyan succession at Navan and Slane, the middle part of the sequence differs markedly in the Walterstown-Kentstown area and two new members, the Proudstown and Walterstown Members, are defined in the upper part of the Meath Formation. Syndepositional faulting was initiated during the Courceyan, probably in latest Pseudopolygnathus multistriatus or early Polygnathus mehli latus time. Movement on the ENE trending St. Patrick's Well Fault influenced the deposition of the Walterstown Member and the overlying Moathill Formation and was probably associated with the development of the East Midlands depocentre to the south of the area. A second episode of tectonism in the latest Courceyan or early Chadian resulted in uplift and erosion and the development of ‘block and basin’ sedimentation. Subsequent transgression of the uplifted block led to the establishment of the Kentstown Platform, bounded to the north, west and south by rocks of basinal facies. The Milverton Group (Chadian-Asbian), confined to this platform, unconformably overlies Courceyan or Lower Palaeozoic strata and is subdivided into three formations: Crufty Formation (late Chadian), Holmpatrick Formation (late Chadian-Arundian) and Mullaghfin Formation (late Arundian-Asbian). The Walterstown Fault controlled the western margin of the Kentstown Platform at this time. Contemporaneous basinal sediments of the Fingal Group (Lucan and Naul Formations) accumulated to the west of the Walterstown Fault and are much thicker than age-equivalent platform facies. Platform sedimentation ceased in latest Asbian to early Brigantian time with tectonically induced collapse and drowning of the platform; platform carbonates of the Mullaghfin Formation are onlapped northwards by coarse proximal basinal facies of the Loughshinny Formation. A distinct gravity anomaly in the Kentstown area suggests the presence of a granitoid body within the basement. The Kentstown Platform is therefore considered to have formed on a buoyant, granite-cored, footwall high analogous to the Askrigg and Alston Blocks of northern England.     

A lithostratigraphic revision and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the Cretaceous System exposed in the onshore Cauvery Basin, southern India

The exposed Cretaceous shelf succession of the Cauvery Basin, southeastern India, has provided a world-class record of mid and Late Cretaceous invertebrates, documented in a substantial literature. However, the lithostratigraphy of the succession has been little studied and previously subject to a range of nomenclature. It is revised here, on the basis of intensive regional mapping, to stabilize the definition and nomenclature of lithostratigraphic units. The Uttattur Group is restricted in outcrop to the Ariyalur district and divided into the Arogypapurum Formation (new; Albian), Dalmiapuram Formation (late Albian), and Karai Formation (late Albian–early Turonian) for which the Odiyam and Kunnam Members are recognized. The Trichinopoly Group follows unconformably and is also restricted in outcrop to the Ariyalur district. It is divided into the Kulakkalnattam Formation (Turonian) and Anaipadi Formation (late Turonian–Coniacian). The Ariyalur Group is more widely distributed. In the Ariyalur district, the Sillikkudi Formation (Santonian–Campanian) and its Kilpaluvari Member, the Kallakurichchi Formation (early Maastrichtian), the Kallamedu Formation (mid and Late Maastrichtian) and the Niniyur Formation (Danian) are recognized. The sequence in the Vriddhachalam area consists of the Parur and Patti formations (Campanian), Mattur Formation (late Campanian–earliest Maastrichtian) and Aladi Formation (Maastrichtian). For the Pondicherry district, the Valudavur and Mettuveli formations (Maastrichtian) and Kasur and Manaveli formations (Paleocene) comprise the succession. The interpreted depositional environments for the succession in the Ariyalur district indicate four eustatic cycles in the mid and Late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary: late Albian–early Turonian, late Turonian–Santonian, Campanian, Maastrichtian, and Paleocene. Overall the Cauvery Basin sequence is arenaceous and relatively labile in terms of framework grain composition, and contrasts with the pelitic assemblage developed on the west Australian margin from which eastern India separated in the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian). The difference is ascribed to palaeoclimate as controlled by palaeolatitude. For the Late Cretaceous, the Cauvery Basin drifted north on the Indian plate from 40 to 30°S. This zone is inferred to constitute Southern Hemisphere horse latitudes for Late Cretaceous time, characterized by an arid climate, physical weathering and the production of labile sands. By contrast, the west Australian margin of matching tectonic history remained in a high palaeolatitude (>40°S) throughout the Late Cretaceous, experiencing a pluvial climate, the dominance of chemical weathering and the production of clays.     

云南富宁里达锑矿地质及找矿前景

锑矿赋存于上寒武统博菜田组中段的硅质岩和硅化碳酸盐岩的层间破碎带中,矿化受区域上的北西向构造和地层所控制。深入研究,扩大资源和寻找新的资源基地。     

江西修水地区中元古界双桥山群浊流沉积

对江西修水地区双桥山群安乐林组和修水组的岩石组合、沉积构造、浊积岩岩相、垂向演化序列进行了详细论述,识别出两个比较完整的浊积扇,其内部可进一步划分为内扇主水道、次级水道、高阶地;中扇分支水道、分支水道漫滩、外缘垛体;外扇沉积,反映了一个从进积到退积的沉积旋回,揭示了从安乐林组发生海退到修水组发生海侵的总体变化趋势.对修水组底部砂岩和砾岩结构、层序特征、横向变化等的系统研究,显示其具有明显的深水重力流特征,系海平面快速下降过程中形成的浊积扇内扇主水道砾岩.研究表明安乐林组与修水组为连续沉积,"修水运动"不存在.     

易门赵普新沟白钨矿矿床地质及控制因素

新沟白钨矿属典型的接触交代(矽卡岩)变质矿床。晋宁晚期的岩浆活动强烈,黑云二长花岗岩是矿区主要成矿岩体。钨矿体赋存在花岗岩体两侧与昆阳群大龙口组灰岩接触带矽卡岩中,地层、岩石、构造对矽卡岩及矿体都有控制作用。     

Petroleum Systems of Chagan Depression,Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, Northwest China

INTRODUCTIONYingen-Ejinaqi basinis locatedin the WulatehouBanner in the west of the Inner Mongolia Autono-mous Region of China ,and covers an area of approxi-mately 122 000 km2( Chen et al ., 2001) . As aMesozoic-Cenozoic depression in Yingen-Ejinaqi ba-sin,the Chagan depression lies in the northeast ofthis basin (Fig.1) .It is about 60 kmlong and 34 kmwide and covers an area of approxi mately 2 000 km2( Wang et al .,2002) .In terms of the basement ter-rain,forms of major structural…     

Constraints on the age of the Warrawoona Group, eastern Pilbara Block, Western Australia

Zircons from mafic and felsic volcanic rocks in the type area of the Warrawoona Group, the basal Archaean greenstone succession of the eastern Pilbara Block, have been dated precisely using the ion-microprobe SHRIMP. The results allow two alternative time-frames for the duration of the Warrawoona Group, dependent on how the dated zircons are considered to relate to the volcanic rocks. Our favoured interpretation requires a hiatus of 135±5 Ma between the Duffer Formation at 3.46 Ga and the overlying felsic volcanic rocks of the Wyman Formation, and a hydrothermal or later magmatic origin for zircons of age 3.33 Ga within one Duffer Formation sample and the underlying metabasalts. The alternative time-frame requires a short time for deposition of the entire Group, less than 15 Ma at 3.33 Ga, and a xenocrystic origin for the 3.46 Ga zircons of the Duffer Formation. Outside the type area of the Warrawoona Group, the age of an intrusive granodiorite requires that greenstones be older than 3.43 Ga and the Group formed over an interval of > 120 Ma.Visibly different zircons within one of the Duffer Formation samples were found to be Palaeozoic in age and presumably constitute hydrothermal growth of new zircon within the rock at low temperature. Similar zircons were found within samples from other rock units but with a spread of Proterozoic ages.     

桂北四堡群火山岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地层学意义

四堡群为一套出露于桂北黔东南地区、变形强烈的浅变质、陆源碎屑岩火山岩、系,厚度大于5000 m,其下未见底,上被丹洲群(下江群相当地层)所覆盖。桂北四堡群自下而上划分为九小组、文通组和鱼西组3组。样品A20140731-3采自于文通组,岩性为灰绿色熔结火山岩,首次分选出600余粒岩浆型锆石,完成SHRIMP U-Pb定年测点15个,获得加权平均年龄(860±13)Ma。这表明四堡群主体属于新元古界,进而分析、讨论了江南造山带主要地层对比关系。     

Uppermost Triassic to Lower Jurassic stratigraphy in the Lough Foyle Basin of County Londonderry,Northern Ireland

The Lough Foyle Basin is a half-graben that straddles the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and contains sediments that range in age from Lower Carboniferous to Holocene. The basin’s post-rift succession is represented by sediments of the Penarth Group and Lias Group. The lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of that interval are revised using new borehole material and existing outcrop. Palaeontological data provide a chronostratigraphic framework and aid palaeoenvironmental interpretations. Foraminifera, ostracods, palynomorphs indicate a nearshore, marginal marine depositional setting throughout much of the Rhaetian with a more marine, shelf and nearshore depositional setting for the Lias Group. The Penarth Group succession is similar to that elsewhere in Northern Ireland but the Lias Group (Waterloo Mudstone Formation) differs in that five distinct members can be recognised (Clooney Mudstone, Drummans Siltstone, Gortmore Mudstone, Tircreven Sandstone and Ballyleighery Mudstone), four of which are newly described. The deltaic and shelf sandstones of the Tircreven Sandstone Member are the only such examples preserved in the Jurassic strata of Northern Ireland and are some of the oldest in the Jurassic of the UK and Ireland, providing evidence of the proximity of the nearby Irish Landmass and representing a useful comparison for Early Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in offshore basins.