巴基斯坦山达克矿区ASTER遥感数据蚀变信息提取及找矿预测

巴基斯坦查盖火山岩浆岩带属于特提斯成矿域的重要组成部分之一,是巴基斯坦境内最重要的斑岩型铜矿带,但目前其相关的遥感研究还较少,制约了对该成矿带的找矿潜力分析。本文以山达克矿床及其周边为研究区,对先进星载热辐射与反射辐射计(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, ASTER)数据进行RBD (Relative absorption band depth)比值假彩色合成、主成分分析、光谱角制图等处理,获得蚀变遥感异常信息分布特征,通过对蚀变特征和主要控矿要素进行遥感研究,建立了山达克矿床遥感找矿模型并开展成矿预测,为该成矿带矿产勘查提供借鉴。根据建立的遥感找矿模型,圈定了找矿预测靶区10处。对矿区东矿体和矿区北部的2个靶区进行野外验证,证实了提取结果与实际地质事实吻合较好,对矿区岩石样品进行光谱实测,表明样品实测光谱曲线与标准矿物光谱曲线的吸收特征位置高度相似,证实了研究区绢云母化、青磐岩化等蚀变较强且分布较广。结果表明本次研究提取的矿化蚀变结果可信度较高,可为后续找矿勘查工作提供参考。     

东天山帕尔岗塔格西斑岩铜矿高光谱遥感蚀变特征及其对找矿的指示意义

帕尔岗塔格西斑岩型铜矿位于东天山古生代造山带小热泉子石炭纪岛弧带，带内已发现有土屋、延东、延西等一系列斑岩型铜矿，成矿潜力巨大，该矿床的发现实现了成矿带的北西向延伸，意义重大。目前勘查工作限于矿区西北部，找矿勘查有待进一步探究，且针对该矿床的高光谱遥感研究未有报道。鉴于此，本文基于ZY1-02D高光谱数据，采用“人机交互式”思维指导下的基于纯净像元指数（PPI）算法的端元波谱提取技术，从矿物角度对矿区及其外围进行蚀变信息提取工作。提取结果显示三种蚀变矿物由内向外呈石英-绢云母-绿泥石的顺序分带，再现了矿区地质填图工作中的蚀变分带特征，并在矿区外围发现了一处受断裂控制的蚀变分带区，成矿特征明显。野外调研和样品岩相学分析证明提取结果真实有效，本次研究可为矿床下一步勘查工作提供参考。     

巴基斯坦胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉铅锌成矿带遥感地质特征与找矿模型

巴基斯坦胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉铅锌成矿带是特提斯成矿域铅锌成矿带的重要组成部分,该成矿带的矿床类型主要为喷流- 沉积型(SEDEX)和密西西比河谷型(MVT)。目前针对胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉铅锌成矿带及典型矿床的研究程度较低,制约了对该成矿带的认识及找矿勘查研究。本研究以胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉成矿带为研究区,通过合理选择遥感数据源和图像处理方法,对典型矿床(杜达、贡尕铅锌矿床)及部分矿点的样品光谱特征、影像特征综合分析,结合关键控矿要素研究,建立了胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉地区与沉积岩有关铅锌矿遥感找矿标志并开展成矿预测,为该成矿带找矿提供可行性方法。基于本研究建立的找矿标志,利用增强型专题制图仪(Enhanced thematic mapper, ETM)和先进星载热辐射与反射辐射计(Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer, ASTER)影像圈定主要预测含矿地层分布区30处,结果与已知矿床、矿点吻合较好,圈定的含矿地层分布区主要集中在研究区中部和北部,均位于侏罗纪地层内且矿化带与地层走向一致,矿化主要位于安吉拉组、劳瑞莱组地层内部;根据含矿地层像元光谱,利用资源一号02D高光谱影像提取了中部地区含矿地层的空间分布,提取结果与找矿标志分析结果吻合较好,证实了在该区利用国产高光谱影像开展含铅锌矿地层自动提取与找矿的可行性。     

新疆雅满苏铁矿床地空高光谱蚀变矿物特征及找矿应用

本研究旨在了解高光谱遥感数据在地质勘探中的应用性能,查明新疆山苏地区成矿地质环境;然后利用机载高光谱遥感数据对雅满苏地区进行综合分析和研究。选择雅满苏铁矿床作为研究对象,利用Field Spec Pro FR地面波谱仪和Hy Map航空成像光谱仪,获取地面和航空高光谱遥感数据,诊断、识别和提取地空高光谱蚀变矿物信息,开展高光谱蚀变异常特征综合分析,总结矿床尺度的地空蚀变矿物组合特征规律。进而结合地质矿产成矿有利信息,构建雅满苏铁矿床高光谱遥感找矿模型,开展找矿应用,圈定铁及多金属找矿有利区。研究表明:铁矿区矿化体分布的地面高光谱蚀变矿物为褐铁矿+黄钾铁矾+绿泥石,近矿围岩分布的蚀变矿物为褐铁矿+绢云母+绿帘石方解石;航空高光谱近矿蚀变矿物组合为褐铁矿+赤铁矿+绿泥石+绿帘石+角闪石,外围组合为绿泥石+绿帘石+绢云母。通过野外查证,新发现赋存在下石炭统雅满苏组灰岩与花岗岩体接触带的铁矿化体,取得了较好的找矿应用效果。该找矿有利区为雅满苏地区铁矿勘查提供了靶区方向,地空高光谱蚀变矿物找矿的研究方法和思路为航空高光谱遥感调查和遥感蚀变异常信息靶区定位提供借鉴基础。     

基于蚀变信息提取的西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带中段斑岩铜矿找矿预测

本文选取西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段多不杂斑岩铜矿为已知矿床,通过对采样样品实测波谱特征的分析,基于ASTER遥感数据,采用目前主要的蚀变信息提取算法——彩色增强、比值算法及光谱角制图算法,在班公湖-怒江成矿带中段开展蚀变信息提取及找矿靶区圈定研究,预测了一处成矿前景区域。通过对此预测区域的野外查证,发现大量的孔雀石露头,室内电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析得出铜品位在0.18%～1.95%之间,平均为0.51%。对该区域进行了激电测量工作,测量结果和遥感结果相互印证,表明此区域为一处斑岩铜矿成矿前景区。     

甘肃省酒钢山地区高光谱遥感蚀变矿物优选研究

正酒钢山地区位处北山成矿带,区域分布较多铁、铜、镍、金等矿床、矿点,成矿地质条件优越。前人在该区已开展较多基础地质、矿产地质、科研和多金属矿勘查等工作(聂凤军等,2001;左国朝等,1990),但该区找矿未取得实质性进展。本次依据酒钢山地区地形、地貌和围岩蚀变,采用高光谱遥感新技术方法,开展高光谱蚀变矿物优选研究,综合剖析蚀变异常,优选和圈定蚀变带和找矿预测区,以期指导矿产勘查,实现找矿快速突破。     

青海格尔木市野马泉M14磁异常区三维地质建模与成矿预测

野马泉M14磁异常区位于祁漫塔格成矿带,为接触交代热液(矽卡岩)型铁多金属矿床。根据最新勘查成果,运用3DMine三维建模软件建立矿区三维可视化的钻孔模型、地表及范围模型、地层模型、断层模型、岩体模型、蚀变带模型、矿体模型、磁异常模型,进而建立矿区块体模型。通过综合分析矿区成矿地质特征确定矿床找矿标志,利用标志变量对块体模型进行赋值,从而进行定量成矿预测。通过属性约束圈定4个找矿靶区,并对各靶区进行找矿潜力分析。借鉴传统成矿预测方法,探索在三维建模的基础上进行定量成矿预测,实践表明该方法简便快捷、易于实现。     

新疆阿巴宫铅锌矿遥感找矿信息提取及地化多元信息综合分析

多光谱遥感找矿技术在荒漠戈壁滩地区已取得显著成效,但遥感技术在低山丘陵地带的使用资料较少,鉴于此,本论文以低山丘陵地貌类型的新疆阿勒泰的阿巴宫多金属矿带的铅锌矿床为研究区,研究矿区的蚀变信息的反射光谱特征,及在多光谱数据中各个波段的吸收性;利用ASTER多光谱遥感数据提取阿巴宫铅锌矿的构造信息,及岩性信息及蚀变异常信息,提取的各类信息与实际地质情况相吻合;对研究区的地质、化探、遥感找矿信息进行综合分析,遥感异常与地质资料信息吻合性较高,化探异常范围表现出"面"性特点,遥感异常表现为"点"性特点,遥感技术具有快速准确地缩小矿产勘查范围的优势。     

秘鲁南部斑岩铜矿典型蚀变带矿物信息提取及找矿远景区圈定

不同斑岩铜矿的构造地质、成矿时代和控矿因素具有其特殊性, 所以需要针对具体的矿区开展地质调查以获取矿区标志性蚀变矿物组合信息, 从而利用遥感技术手段提取矿区蚀变信息, 确定找矿远景区.通过综合分析秘鲁南部斑岩铜矿地质特征、控矿因素, 确立了以泥化-绢英岩化和青磐岩化组合蚀变矿物带为遥感找矿指示标志, 并以ASTER数据为遥感数据源开展蚀变矿物信息提取技术研究, 结合已有矿区地质资料、高光谱影像和实地勘查结果, 验证了典型蚀变带矿物信息提取结果的可靠性, 另圈定了2处找矿远景区.在综合分析、梳理已有研究基础上, 构建了多光谱遥感找矿模式, 并在智利、阿根廷等其他多个斑岩铜矿区取得了较好的应用效果.      

高光谱标志性蚀变矿物组合在找矿预测中的应用研究——以东昆仑东—西大滩一带金矿床为例

青海东昆仑是中国重要的、极富潜力的多金属成矿带,发育有完整的造山型金矿成矿系列。笔者通过东昆仑成矿带东—西大滩研究区成矿地质条件分析,认为该区存在较好的造山型金矿成矿系列空间缺位。航空高光谱遥感异常提取表明,区内发育有菱铁矿、角闪石、绿泥石、绿帘石、白云石、方解石和长-中-短波云母等7类蚀变矿物,不同类型的蚀变矿物组合较好反映出区内构造带的展布。结合区内典型矿床地面ASD光谱测量,对不同地质单元、矿化带的光谱特征分析总结。提出该区金矿床标志性蚀变矿物组合为菱铁矿+中波绢云母+白云石,地表找矿标志为黄钾铁矾+褐铁矿化发育的脆-韧性剪切带。结合矿化蚀变带的矿物成分X衍射分析,认为金矿化受近东西向脆-韧性断层控制。进而,通过标志性蚀变矿物组合找矿预测技术对区内高光谱异常进行筛选及查证。指出在西大滩、五十八大沟一带具有剪切带型金矿床良好找矿潜力,并构建该区基于高光谱信息的金矿床找矿模型。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861