DIETARY PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT OF YOUNG ABALONE, HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAI INO.

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＰｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｉｓａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｄｉｅｔａｒｙｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｆｏｒｌｉｖｉｎｇｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓａｎｄｈａｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｃｅｌ ｌｕｌａｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ,ａｓｉｔｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｏｆｎｕｃｌｅｉｃａｃｉｄｓ,ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐｉｄ ,ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,ＡＴＰａｎｄｓｅｖｅｒａｌｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｎｚｙｍｅｓ,ａｎｄｃｏｅｎｚｙｍｅｓ.Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅｓｅｒｖｅｓａｓａｂ…     

AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS FROM SELECTED INORGANIC PHOSPHATES TO JUVENILE ABALONE,HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAI INO.

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｉｎｆａｒｍｅｄｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｃｏｍｅａｐｏｐｕｌａｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｐｕｂｌｉｃｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｏｎｔｈｅｉｍｐａｃｔｏｆｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｆｒｏｍｌｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋａｎｄａｑｕａｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ (Ｓｋｏｎｂｅｒｇｅｔａｌ.,1 997;ＥｙａａｎｄＬｏｖｅｌｌ,1 997) .Ｐｈｏｓｐｈ…     

Induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis ofHaliotis discus hannai Ino (Gastropoda,Mollusca)

Conspecific foot mucus, excessive [K⁺] and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed different metamorphosis-inductive effect on the veliger ofHaliotis discus hannai. The inductive effect of excessive [K⁺] and GABA was developmental stage-dependent and dose-dependent, while that of conspecific foot mucus was only developmental stage-dependent. At 20°C the veliger larvae became competent within 4 days after fertilization.H. discus hannai larvae showed gregarious settlement pattern on the conspecific foot mucus under the conditions of either presence or absence of KCl or GABA. The present studies showed that the effect of conspecific foot mucus on abalone larvae metamorphosis could be dose-independent.     

Sequences Characterization of Microsatellite DNA Sequences in Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannat)

The microsatellite-enriched library was constructed using magnetic bead hybridization selection method, and the microsatellite DNA sequences were analyzed in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Three hundred and fifty white colonies were screened using PCR-based technique, and 84 clones were identified to potentially contain microsatellite repeat motif. The 84 clones were sequenced, and 42 microsatellites and 4 minisatellites with a minimum of five repeats were found (13.1% of white colonies screened). Besides the motif of CA contained in the oligoprobe, we also found other 16 types of microsatellite repeats including a dinucleotide repeat, two tetranucleotide repeats, twelve pentanucleotide repeats and a hexanucleotide repeat. According to Weber(1990), the microsatellite sequences obtained could be categorized structurally into perfect repeats (73.3%), imperfect repeats(13.3%), and compound repeats (13.4%). Among the microsatellite repeats, relatively short arrays (＜ 20 repeats) were most abundant,accounting for 75.0%. The largest length of microsatellites was 48 repeats, and the average number of repeats was 13.4. The data on the composition and length distribution of microsatellites obtained in the present study can be useful for choosing the repeat motifs for microsatetlite isolation in other abalone species.     

Sequences Characterization of Microsatellite DNA Sequences in Pacific Abalone(Haliotis discus hannai)

1 Introduction Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are tandemly repeated motifs of one to six bases found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes analysed to date (Zane et al., 2002). Due to their hyper-variable and co-dominant nature, relatively high abundance and random distribution in the genome, microsatellites are among the most efficient class of molecular markers. Such repeats display high polymorphism because of variation in repeat length and can be rapidly analysed t…     

Sequences characterization of microsatellite DNA sequences in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)

The microsatellite-enriched library was constructed using magnetic bead hybridization selection method, and the microsatellite DNA sequences were analyzed in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Three hundred and fifty white colonies were screened using PCR-based technique, and 84 clones were identified to potentially contain microsatellite repeat motif. The 84 clones were sequenced, and 42 microsatellites and 4 minisatellites with a minimum of five repeats were found (13.1% of white colonies screened). Besides the motif of CA contained in the oligoprobe, we also found other 16 types of microsatellite repeats including a dinucleotide repeat, two tetranucleotide repeats, twelve pentanucleotide repeats and a hexanucleotide repeat. According to Weber(1990), the microsatellite sequences obtained could be categorized structurally into perfect repeats (73.3%), imperfect repeats(13.3%), and compound repeats (13.4%). Among the microsatellite repeats, relatively short arrays (＜ 20 repeats) were most abundant,accounting for 75.0%. The largest length of microsatellites was 48 repeats, and the average number of repeats was 13.4. The data on the composition and length distribution of microsatellites obtained in the present study can be useful for choosing the repeat motifs for microsatetlite isolation in other abalone species.     

Cloning and Characterization of an Abalone （Haliotis discus hannai ） Actin Gene

1　Introduction　Actinisanimportantcontractileproteinineukary oticcells .Itisoneofthetwomajorcomponentsin volvedinthecontractionofmusclecells .Innon mus clecells ,itisthemajorpartofcytoskeletoninvolvedinmanyprocessessuchascellmotility ,endocytosis ,exocyt…     

An AFLP Genetic Linkage Map of Pacific Abalone （Haliotis discus hannai）

A genetic linkage map of Pacific abalone （Haliotis discus hannai） was constructed using AFLP markers based on a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy in a full-sib family. With 33 primer combinations, a total of 455 markers （225 from the female parent and 230 from the male parent） segregated in a 1 ： 1 ratio, corresponding to DNA polymorphism： heterozygous in one parent and null in the other. The female framework map consisted of 174 markers distributed in 18 linkage groups, equivalent to the H. discus hannai haploid chromosome number, and spanning a total length of 2031.4 cM, with an average interval of 13.0 cM between adjacent markers. The male framework map consisted of 195 markers mapped on 19 linkage groups, spanning a total length of 2273.4cM, with an average spacing of 12.9cM between adjacent markers. The estimated coverage for the framework linkage maps was 81.2% for the female and 82.1% for the male, on the basis of two estimates of genome length. Fifty-two markers （11.4%） remained unlinked. The level of segregation distortion observed in this cross was 20.4%. These linkage maps will serve as a starting point for linkage studies in the Pacific abalone with potential application for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.     

Acclimation-dependent expression of heat shock protein 70 in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) and its acute response to thermal exposure

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is one important member of heat shock protein (Hsp) family that is responsible for various stresses, especially thermal stress. Here we examined the response of Hsp70 gene to both chronic and acute thermal exposure in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). For the chronic exposure, abalones were maintained at 8, 12, 20, and 30°C for four months and their mRNA levels were measured. The highest mRNA level of Hsp70 gene relative to actin gene was detected in the 30°C-acclimated group, followed by the 8°C-acclimated group and then the 12°C- and 20°C-acclimated groups. After the long-term acclimation, gills from each of the above acclimation groups were dissected and exposed to different temperatures between 8°C and 38°C for 30 min. Hsp70 expression in gills acclimated to different temperatures responded differentially to the same temperature exposure. The incubation temperature that induced maximum Hsp70 mRNA expression was higher in the higher temperature acclimation groups than lower temperature groups. Pacific abalones could alter the expression pattern of Hsp70 gene according to environmental thermal conditions, through which they deal with the stress of thermal variations.     

Isolation and Biochemical Characteristics Analyses of Phenoloxidases (POs) in Three Cultured Mollusk Species

Phenoloxidases(POs)are a group of copper proteins including tyrosinase,catecholase and laccase,which play crucial roles in the innate immune response of mollusks.In this research,POs were studied in cultured mollusk species,including scallop Chla-mys farreri,abalone Haliotis discus hannai and clam Scapharca subcrenata.The POs were isolated from hemocytes using linear-gradient native-PAGE combined with catechol staining.The PO activities and their characters were investigated.The molecular mass of PO in C.farreri was 576 kDa,and it was 228 kDa in H.discus hannai.In S.subcrenata,four POs were detected and their mole-cular masses were 391 kDa,206 kDa,174 kDa and<67 kDa,which were named as 391-PO,206-PO,174-PO and s-PO,respectively.Ki-netic analyses indicated that all of the POs,except for 391-PO had higher affinity to L-DOPA and catechol than to hydroquinone and dopamine.However,all of the POs failed to oxidize tyrosine.The effects of divalent metal ions on POs’activities were assayed,in-cluding Fe²⁺,Mg²⁺,Zn²⁺,Mn²⁺,Cu²⁺and Ca²⁺from FeCl₂,MgSO₄,ZnSO₄,MnCl₂,CuSO₄and CaCl₂.The POs were inhibited by Fe²⁺at all determined concentrations.Additionally,the inhibition assay showed that all of the POs were inhibited by cysteine,ascorbic acid,sodium sulfite,citric acid,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium(EDTA)and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DETC).The inhibition effects of critric acid and EDTA are dose-dependent.H.discus hannai PO and 391-PO were slightly inhibited by sodium azide,and H.discus hannai PO,391-PO and 174-PO were slightly inhibited by thiourea.In conclusion,the POs in the three cultured mollusks are copper-containing laccase-type phenoloxidases with similar biochemical characteristics even though their molecular masses are different.     

Characterization of genic microsatellite markers derived from expressed sequence tags in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai).Repeat motifs were found in 4.95% of the ESTs at a frequency of one repeat every 10.04 kb of EST sequences,after redundancy elimination.Seventeen polymorphic EST-SSRs were developed.The number of alleles per locus varied from 2-17,with an average of 6.8 alleles per locus.The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.159 to 0.928 and from 0.132 to 0.922,respective...     

LABORATORY OBSERVATION ON SPAWNING,FECUNDITY AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF AMPHIOXUS (BRANCHIOSTOMA BELCHERI TSINGTAUNESE)

Although amphioxus is widespread in temperate and tropical seas,its population is diminishing be-cause of environmental pollution.To keep the population of this evolutionarily important animal fromdiminishing,study on its reproduction and development is necessary.The main findings in this study onthe spawning and fecundity of the amphioxus reared in laboratory and its larval development are as fol-lows.1.Water temperature markedly affected the spawning.It spawned only when water temperature reached 21℃.2.Spawning of the amphioxus in laboratory was markedly extended.Initially,the amphioxus spawned at about 7:00 PM,but spawning time was postponed as spawning days went on.3.The number of eggs produced by a female ranged from 1400 to 12800,average of 5800.This al-so represents the fecundity of the amphioxus because it shedded all eggs within the ovary at a time.4.During the first few months of life of the amphioxus,its growth rate changed seasonally.Thegrowth rate in summer and fall was greater than that in     

EFFECTS OF FISH OIL, DHA OIL AND LECITHIN IN MICROPARTICULATE DIETS ON STRESS TOLERANCE OF LARVAL GILTHEAD SEABREAM (SPARUS AURATA)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈｌａｒｖａｅｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｄｏｍａｉｎｏｆｆｉｓｈｎｕｔｒｉ ｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｔｈａｔｎ 3ｈｉｇｈｌｙｕｎｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄｆａｔｔｙａｃｉｄｓ (ｎ 3ＨＵＦＡ)ａｒｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｆａｔｔｙａｃｉｄｓｆｏｒｍａｒｉｎｅｌａｒｖａｌｆｉｓｈ ,ａｎｄｔｈａｔｄｏｃｏｓａｈｅｘａｅｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＤＨＡ ,2 2 :6ｎ 3)ａｎｄｅｉｃｏｓａｐｅ…     

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON INDOMYSIS ANNANDALEI (MYSIDACEA, CRUSTACEA) FROM KARACHI WATERS WITH A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF ITS LARVAL DEVELOPMENT

Population, seasonal abundance of the mysid Indomysis annandalei Tattersal (1914) from Karachi wat-ers (northern Arabian Sea) are studied. Occurrence of breeding females is noted and developmental stagesare described.     

USE OF RAPD FOR DETECTING AND IDENTIFYING PORPHYRA (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA)

imDUCnONManymolectilarbiologybasedDNAtecboqUesPbodepowrfulmeansforstUdvingofgeneticvariationandphylDgenehcrelationships.AmoleculartecboqUebasedonthePOl}-menachainreaction(PCR)isaneffeChvetoolforraPididentificationofgeneticTnarersknownasRandomAInPlifiedPolymorphicDNA(m)(Wlliamsetal.,l99o;Welsh&McClelland,l99o).Sucheders,derivedfromPrindngsitesrandoInldistributedthIDughoutthegenome,areinheritedinaMendelianPatem.ThesePOlyTnorphismsallowtheanalsisofcomplexgenomeswithoutPriorknoWl…     

ON THE ULIRASTRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE HEMOCYTES OF PENAEID SHRIMP, PENAEUS VANNAMEI (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA)

INTRODUCTIONHemocytesOfcrustaceansplayanimportantroleintheirimmunedefensenetWork(thethall,Cerenius,l992).Thesecellscanremoveforeignpallicleshyphagocytosis(Tyson,Jenldn,l974;Paterson,Stewed,l974)andencaPsulation(HoseandMartin,l989;Perssonetal.,1987)-TheraPidsealingofawoundtopreventhemolYmPhlossanddric~AnsmsfromPenetraingthewoundisanotherimportantprocessiflaqUaiccrustaceansandisthoughttobecormectedwiththeactivitiesofhemocytes(tevin,l985)-AttemPtshadbeenInadefromoverl(X)yearstoclass@…     

ABUNDANCE AND PRODUCTION OF LIMNODRILUS HOFFMEISTERI (OLIGOCHAETA: TUBIFICIDAE) IN ALGAE-DOMINATED LAKE HOUHU (WUHAN, CHINA)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬｉｍｎｏｄｒｉｌｕｓｈｏｆｆｍｅｉｓｔｅｒｉ,ａｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｏｕｓｔｕｂｉｆｉｃｉｄ ,ｉｓａｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｂｅｎｔｈｉｃｉｎｖｅｒｔｅｂｒａｔｅｉｎｍｏｓｔｓｈａｌｌｏｗｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｌａｋｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｌｉａｎｇ,1 979) .Ｓｏｆａｒ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｎｏｄａｔａｏｎｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙｐｒｏｄｕｃ ｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｉｓｗｏｒｍａｎｄｆｅｗｄａｔａｏｎｔｈａｔｏｆｏｔｈｅｒｚｏｏｂｅｎｔｈｏｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｉｎＣｈｉｎａ .Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｆｉｓｈｅｒ…     

DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PARACALANUS PARVUS, PARACALANUS CRASSIROSTRIS, AND ACARTIA BIFILOSA (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA) IN THE BOHAI SEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａｗａｓｃｈｏｓｅｎａｓｔｈｅｓｉｔｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐｈａｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉｎａ ＧＬＯＢＥＣ (ＧｌｏｂａｌＯｃｅａｎＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓ)ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｆｒｏｍ 1 997ｔｏ2 0 0 0 ,ｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｚｏｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｗａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｒｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｆｏｃｉ.Ｓｍａｌｌｃｏｐｅｐｏｄｓｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｏｆｚｏｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｅｓｐ…     

ABUNDANCE AND PRODUCTION OF BRANCHIURA SOWERBYI (OLIGOCHAETA: TUBIFICIDAE) IN TWO TYPICAL SHALLOW LAKES (HUBEI, CHINA)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｒａｎｃｈｉｕｒａｓｏｗｅｒｂｙｉ,ａｃｏｓｍｏｐｏｌｉｔａｎｔｕｂｉｆｉｃｉｄ,ｉｓａｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｚｏｏｂｅｎｔｈｏｓｉｎｍａｎｙｓｈａｌｌｏｗｌａｋｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ(Ｌｉａｎｇ,1979).Ｉｎ1984,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｗｅｒｅｆｉｒｓｔｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄｉｎＤｏｎｇｈｕＬａｋｅ,Ｗｕｈａｎ(Ｌｉａｎｇ,1984).Ａｆｔｅｒｔｈａｔ,ｎｏｄａｔａｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｉｓｗｏｒｍｏｒｏｔｈｅｒｚｏｏｂｅｎｔｈｏｓｗｅｒｅｐ…     

最小二乘外推与ARIMA(P,1,0)组合模型在极移短期预报中的应用

将ARIMA（P,1,0）模型应用到极移随机性部分序列的预报中,提出了利用最小二乘外推与ARIMA（P,1,0）的组合模型来对整体极移序列进行短期预报。并与其他方法对极移1～5天的短期预报精度进行了对比,结果证明了该模型在极移短期预报上的有效性与优越性。