CS14型全液压动力头钻机的生产应用效果及分析

通过CS14型全液压动力头钻机在河北康保铜矿、内蒙古黄旗多金属矿2个矿区进行075mm绳索取心钻探效果,分析了全液压动力头钻机相对于立轴式钻机的优点及其不足,提出动力头钻机应是我国地质岩心钻机大力发展的趋向的看法。     

云南金平长安金矿大倾角钻孔绳索取心施工技术

金平长安金矿区矿体以硫化矿形式赋存于砂岩中,属于埋藏较深、倾角较陡、勘查难度较大的金矿。矿区的勘查钻孔设计范围为：方位70°～250°、倾角30°～75°、孔深100～800 m。针对该矿区地层呈现硬、碎、漏复杂情况,钻孔设计倾角大、孔斜要求高等特点,采用了新型设备（XDJ4型全液压岩心钻机）钻孔及低粘、低密度、润滑性好的冲洗液护壁方法,采取“控制钻机安装”、“减速法”或“小径导向增压纠斜法”等措施进行控斜及纠斜。有效地解决了易斜、易漏等斜孔施工问题,保质保量按期完成了施工任务,取得了很好的经济和社会效益。本文总结了该矿区大倾角钻孔施工中的部分经验和存在问题,为同类工程施工提供了较好的参考。     

地表近水平孔绳索取心工艺钻探实践

针对近水平孔地表岩心钻探施工项目的相关技术要求,利用现有的CS1000P6L型地表岩心钻机和常用的绳索取心钻具,设计和改进了绳索取心内管总成的投放与打捞装置,实现了地表岩心钻孔倾角接近零度的情况下普通绳索取心工艺的正常工作。与普通的提钻取心相比,大幅提高了工作效率,节省了购置特定的钻杆、绳索取心钻具及打捞器具等费用。经改进的输送装置结构简单、性能可靠、成本低廉,操作简单易行。经过野外生产实践验证,该装置实现了预期的目的和效果,达到了地质要求,积累并丰富了地表近水平孔岩心钻探施工的经验。     

青海省都兰县五龙沟矿区坑道钻探工艺研究

针对青海五龙沟矿区3320平硐89线中段布设的坑道钻孔（SZZK8905、孔深700.20 m）在钻探施工中遇到的憋泵、孔壁坍塌、缩径、回次进尺少、岩心采取率低等问题,在钻机选取、钻孔结构设计、破碎带取心技术、钻井液等方面开展坑道钻探工艺研究,成功完成了该孔的钻探任务。     

GYD-20型全液压动力头工程钻机的研制

针对传统工程钻机生产制造周期长、自动化程度低、劳动强度大、施工效率低等弊端,研制了GYD-20型全液压动力头工程钻机。介绍了该钻机的结构特点及其应用于大口径基础桩孔、煤矿通风孔钻进的情况和效果。     

CD2000型深孔立轴式岩心钻机的研制

介绍了CD2000型深孔立轴式岩心钻机的结构、特点、主要技术参数、试验概况及效果。     

冲击地压煤层大直径卸压孔快速成孔关键技术

为了提高冲击地压矿井大直径卸压钻孔的成孔率和施工效率，通过对冲击地压矿井煤岩体应力特征、卸压孔孔壁扰动动力失稳特性及施工特点的分析，探讨了大直径卸压孔快速施工的关键点在于高效排渣、快速成孔提钻。采用具有1.25 m行程轨道、大通孔动力头的ZDY4000LR型钻机，优化了大直径卸压钻孔施工操作流程，形成了水介质螺旋宽翼片双动力排渣高效成孔工艺方法，并在河南义马矿区和陕西彬长矿区进行了现场试验。结果表明:该工艺技术能够安全、高效地施工大直径卸压钻孔，施工效率较大螺旋钻进技术提高了48.9%，成孔率可达到100%。研究成果对类似冲击地压矿区施工煤层卸压孔提供借鉴。      

1500 m全液压岩心钻机的研制及应用

根据我国国情,研制了1500 m全液压岩心钻机,介绍了该钻机的项目来源、国内外发展现状、主要技术参数、特点,野外生产试验与项目验收情况。     

2500 m深孔钻探成套装备的研制

介绍了2500 m深孔钻探成套装备——DL100/90型深孔钻机及新型全液压定向施工钻塔的研制过程和总体结构布局设计,分别叙述了钻机和钻塔主要组成部分的功能、结构特点、工作原理及其试验和应用情况。     

山东地矿局超深孔钻探实现新突破

山东省地矿局第三地质勘查院于2004年11月～2005年3月在山东莱西为胜利油田施工了1眼石油勘探孔——姜浅2号孔，采用国产XY-5型岩心钻机，S95、S75金刚石绳索取心钻进工艺，终孔深度达到1405．60m，其中S95绳索取心钻进深度达到1189．30m。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用.本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源...     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。