梯度结构聚晶金刚石复合片组分优化设计

利用有限元方法对梯度结构聚晶金刚石复合片在制造过程中产生的残余热应力进行了计算,并分析了梯度组成分布指数及梯度层层数对热应力的影响。优化结果表明,分布指数最佳值为1.2,功能梯度层数为6层;与普通双层结构聚晶金刚石复合片相比,轴向拉应力由986 MPa降到了323 MPa,剪应力由722 MPa降到454 MPa;此外还改善了界面处的应力分布,大大提高了界面的结合强度。      

聚晶金刚石复合片残余热应力的影响因素

残余热应力是影响聚晶金刚石复合片(PDC)性能好坏的最重要因素之一。考虑聚晶金刚石层(PCD)与硬质合金层厚度比以及PDC压制过程中烧结温度的波动对聚晶金刚石复合片残余热应力的影响,在ANSYS中建立PDC模型,运用热-结耦合法分析PDC的残余热应力。计算表明,随着PCD层与硬质合金层厚度比由0.067增加到0.333,PCD层表面中心的压应力由1.61 GPa降低到380 MPa,PCD层最大径向压应力由1.61 GPa降低1.03 GPa左右,而PCD层边缘靠近界面附近最大轴向拉应力逐渐增大;随着PDC压制过程中烧结温度由1000℃升高到1500℃,PCD层的最大径向压应力、最大轴向拉应力以及最大剪应力等均逐渐增大。认为,在研究PDC合成新工艺过程中,应在保证PDC使用寿命的前提下尽量降低PCD层与硬质合金层厚度比;必须尽量切断原材料以及人为操作对温度的影响。      

国外钻探用超硬材料的研究进展

国外自美国GE公司于七十年代首次合成聚晶金刚石复合片以来，聚晶金刚石及复合片的研制工艺水平又有了很大程度的提高，复合片品种形式增加了许多。本文将介绍美国、瑞典、英国、日本和苏联等国家的五种聚晶金刚石和十一种聚晶金刚石复合片及切削具的制造方法。一、五种聚晶金刚石1．硅合金浸渍的聚晶金刚石这种聚晶金刚石由美国Sii Megadiamond Inc，于1985年7月研制成功。它使用硅与Ⅷ族金属的混合粉末形式与已去掉触媒金属的聚晶金刚石一起放入六面顶或两面顶压机中制造而成。含硅混合物在高温高压     

介绍几种新型钻头

本文简单地介绍了聚晶金刚石复合片钻头、热稳定性聚晶金刚石钻头、热稳定性聚晶金刚石镶嵌齿钻头及混合钻头等的结构特点、破岩方式和适用地层.     

河北探矿技术研究院三个科研项目通过评审验收

2009年8月17日,由河北省地矿局地质矿产科技处组织,主管探矿科研生产的高献计副局长亲自带队的5人专家验收组,对河北省地矿局探矿技术研究院完成的三个省局下达．的探矿科研项目进行了评审验收。三个科研项目分别是：《如何提高金刚石钻头使用寿命研究》、《人造金刚石聚晶、复合片钻头研制》和《深孔绳索取心安全打捞输送器（SSD-75）研制》。     

考虑界面软化特性的垃圾填埋场斜坡上土工膜内力分析

为分析垃圾填埋场斜坡上防渗系统中的土工膜在上覆垃圾堆体重力作用下产生的拉应力,考虑土工膜-黏土界面的应变软化特性,通过建立土工膜受力的平衡方程获得了土工膜拉应力的解析解。与传统方法相比,该方法可分析土工膜-黏土界面不同位置所处的3种应力状态：弹性状态、软化状态及残余状态,从而使得垃圾填埋场斜坡上土工膜的受力分析更为合理。参数分析显示,当软化阶段的强度损失及残余位移与峰值位移的差值较小时,土工膜-黏土界面的峰值强度对土工膜最大拉应力的影响较小,而其残余强度是主要控制因素;而当土工膜-黏土界面的软化特征较明显时,则峰值强度和残余位移的影响也更为明显。另外,土工膜上覆堆体高度、斜坡坡度及土工膜锚固长度对土工膜拉应力也有较大影响。     

垃圾填埋场斜坡上土工合成材料受力分析

为了评价垃圾填埋场防渗系统材料界面之间的摩擦特性以及土工合成材料端部的应力,进行了模拟试验和有限元分析。采用直接剪切试验,获得了土与短纤维无纺布、短纤维无纺布与HDPE土工膜以及短纤维无纺布与TPO（PE）界面的摩擦角和黏聚力;采用离心模拟试验,得到了伴随土压缩引起的短纤维无纺布和土工膜端部拉应力。试验结果表明：材料界面之间的摩擦角较大,但黏聚力不大;伴随填埋高度的增加,短纤维无纺布和土工膜端部的拉应力也随之增大。运用有限元对土压缩引起的短纤维无纺布和土工膜端部拉应力以及界面的摩擦应力分布进行了分析,并与试验结果进行了对比,分析结果表明：两者基本一致,碾压机械下方土工膜界面之间摩擦应力比较大。     

合理使用人造金刚石聚晶地质岩心钻头

人造金刚石聚晶地质岩心钻头是我院从1973年以来，应用粉末冶金热压法表镶研制成功的，是金刚石地质岩心钻头的新产品。进行了大量的探索性试验，生产试验和生产应用，获得了良好的钻探效果，提高了钻探经济效益。为进一步推广应用聚晶钻头，我们总结了一套使用经验，帮助广大操作者及时掌握，将摘要介绍如下：（1）人造金刚石聚晶：又称金刚石聚合体，或称金刚石烧结体。聚晶分生长、爆炸、静压。静压聚晶是以40微米以细的人造金刚石微粉，与结合剂成分均匀混合，装入石墨模具内，置于金刚石合成压机的腔体内，经高温高压烧结而成。具有各…     

用层状金刚石薄膜切削具设计钻头的新概念：第四届新型金刚石科技进展国…

化学气相沉积（ＣＶＤ）金刚石薄膜的面市，为钻进岩石选用新型切削具开辟了新设计途径。其功能明显地表现在：（ａ）良好的均匀磨损机制；（ｂ）高温下钻进效果好；（ｃ）热导率高；（ｄ）与其他材质易于形成层状结构。用碳化钨钨钴硬合金片（ＴＣ）、热稳性聚晶（ＴＳＰ）、金刚石聚晶复合片（ＰＣＤ）制成的多层切削具，为设计制造新式钻头提供以下功效：（ａ）在硬而裂隙岩石中钻进能抗冲击载荷；（ｂ）可进行抗热设计以限制切削     

金刚石聚晶与复合片混合齿钻头

本文重点阐述了金刚石聚晶与复合片混合齿钻头的特点,并比较详细地叙述了这种新型钻头的设计思想、制造工艺以及在油田勘探使用中与牙轮钻头的效果比较,为石油地质钻探提供了一条选择新型钻头的途径.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)