包裹碎石桩和碎石桩复合地基抗震性能对比试验研究

包裹碎石桩是在碎石桩外包裹一层土工材料制成的一种新型桩体,由于包裹作用,碎石桩的刚度和抗剪强度得到了明显提高。然而,目前有关包裹碎石桩的研究较少,特别是其抗震性能方面。鉴于此,通过开展包裹碎石桩复合地基和碎石桩复合地基振动台模型试验,在考虑不同类型、幅值的地震波作用下,研究两种复合地基的加速度、桩土应力、破坏现象和位移,进而对比分析这两种复合地基的动力响应规律和抗震性能。试验表明:包裹碎石桩桩顶和桩间土水平方向加速度放大系数均约为碎石桩的2倍;相同地震波条件下,包裹碎石桩复合地基的峰值桩-土应力比约为碎石桩复合地基的3倍;与碎石桩复合地基相比,0.9g人工波加载后包裹碎石桩复合地基在较大区域内产生较窄裂缝;包裹碎石桩复合地基产生的总沉降较碎石桩复合地基减小了51%。因此,包裹碎石桩复合地基的抗震性能优于碎石桩复合地基。     

考虑桩土滑移和鼓胀影响的碎石桩复合地基沉降分析方法

本文在深入研究柔性基础下碎石桩复合地基变形力学机理的基础上,结合单元体桩周土位移模式建立出柔性基础下碎石桩复合地基沉降分析方法。首先,根据柔性基础下碎石桩复合地基桩土界面上存在相对滑移的特点对现有竖向位移模式进行改进,然后,考虑到碎石桩复合地基桩体侧向鼓胀不可忽视的特征,在位移模式分析方法中计入径向位移的影响,并且由此得到桩侧摩阻力的分析方法,最后,通过对该模型的受力分析得到复合地基加固区压缩变形分析方法。该方法不仅能反映桩土间的相互作用以及复合地基桩土滑移的特征,而且能考虑碎石桩体鼓胀变形对复合地基沉降分析的影响。最后通过工程实例分析,表明了本文方法的可行性与合理性。     

竖向荷载下加筋碎石桩复合地基数值分析

采用三维有限元程序建立了一长为6 m、直径为0.8 m的加筋碎石桩复合地基流固耦合数值模型,分析了其在堆载和孔压消散过程中的荷载传递和变形特性。较传统碎石桩,加筋碎石桩复合地基桩土应力比显著增大,超孔压、沉降和桩身侧向变形显著减小,且随筋材刚度的增大,其性能进一步改善。加筋碎石桩复合地基在桩间土固结过程中产生明显的桩土差异沉降,形成土拱效应,使得堆载结束后桩土应力比变化很小。筋材长度对加筋碎石桩复合地基桩土应力比和沉降影响显著,应对其全长加筋才能保证桩体刚度和有效减少沉降。     

碎石桩复合地基现场试验及数值模拟分析

依托某储油罐的碎石桩复合地基处理实例,进行了复合地基现场变形、荷载传递及固结速率的长期监测。参照工程实际建立了碎石桩复合地基三维有限元水土耦合分析模型,讨论了碎石桩桩长以及复合地基置换率对碎石桩复合地基工程性状的影响。监测结果和有限元数值分析结果表明：碎石桩复合地基对于沉降和水平位移的控制效果较好,保证了施工过程中地基的稳定性;随着上部荷载的增加,桩土应力比逐渐增大。碎石桩给地基提供了良好的排水通道,有效加快了地基的固结速率;碎石桩复合地基沉降随着桩长和置换率的增加而减小,但达到一定程度时,置换率和桩长对沉降的减少效果有限;复合地基桩土应力比随着桩长的增加而增大,随着置换率的增大而减小;置换率和桩长的增加都能加快碎石桩复合地基的固结速率,但是置换率对固结速率的影响更大一些。     

路堤荷载下具盖板的浆固碎石桩桩土应力比研究

桩土应力比是反映复合地基工作状态的重要参数,前人做了较多的理论工作,但理论解通常是在桩顶铺设砂垫层情况下推出的。在路堤荷载下浆固碎石桩复合地基一般在桩顶设置盖板,针对浆固碎石桩复合地基的特殊情况,进行了理论模型简化,并且运用极限平衡理论和弹性理论,推导了设置盖板的浆固碎石桩复合地基在路堤荷载下桩土应力比公式,并通过工程实测资料进行了验证,其结果可为浆固碎石桩复合地基的优化设计提供参考。     

碎石桩复合地基试验及固结分析

碎石桩复合地基在处理软弱地基土中得到相当广泛的应用。为了更好地掌握其规律性,本文针对某电厂碎石桩复合地基现场试验和桩身应力测试成果,进行了分析和总结,得出了饱和粘性土地基中桩土应力比与外荷载大小有关。其形状为上凸抛物线型,大小一般在3~6之间;静载荷试验下桩身应力分布特点与天然地基应力分布近似,影响深度为载荷板宽度的2~3倍。通过用有限元法模拟该复合地基固结性状,得知碎石桩不仅大大加快粘性土复合地基固结,而且减小了工后沉降的影响。      

堤坝软土碎石桩复合地基计算参数研究

目前确定碎石桩复合地基参数时,工程界常采用碎石与原状土参数按平面面积占比叠加的简化方法进行计算,对其适用条件较少关注。以卢旺达那巴龙格河二号水电站高土石坝深厚覆盖层软弱地基处理项目为背景,基于PLAXIS有限元平台,对不同面积置换率下含碎石芯软黏土复合试样进行三轴固结排水试验数值模拟,经室内三轴试验验证了数值模拟方案的合理性。对软土碎石桩复合地基的桩-土作用机制和土体硬化模型计算参数进行研究,将所获参数应用于坝基的变形分析,并与传统参数叠加法和碎石桩墙法进行对比。结果表明：采用数值复合试样法确定的土石坝软土碎石桩复合地基参数是合理的,在计算复合地基沉降时误差小;传统参数叠加法低估了软土碎石桩复合地基的沉降,仅适用于低应力水平、高面积置换率的情况,并且会高估复合地基的强度参数。采用数值复合试样法参数对坝基变形的二维有限元分析表明,根据坝体高度不同采取不同置换率的碎石桩分区加固地基的优化方案是可行的。     

GC与CFG桩组合桩型复合地基承载特性研究

将碎石桩与CFG桩组合桩型复合地基用于沿海软土地基的处理。通过现场实测和三维数值计算,对这种新型复合地基的桩土应力随荷载的变化过程、桩土共同作用机理及桩土荷载分担比的变化过程进行了全面分析,结果表明：组合桩型复合地基可发挥两种不同刚度加固体在复合地基中各自的特点,经济技术效益明显,应用效果良好     

水泥粉体深层喷射搅拌桩复合地基处理及其效果

水泥粉体深层喷射搅拌桩与干振碎石桩,干振灰土等一样,也是处理松软地基土的一种有效方法。但与干振碎石桩等其他挤密型复合地基处理方法不同,水泥粉体深层喷射搅拌桩属于摩擦桩型。由于天然地基土对桩体的侧摩擦力和端阻力的共同作用,使复合地基的承载力大幅度提高。然而人们普遍认为,水泥粉体深层喷射搅拌桩法复合地基处理不能解决场地土的液化问题。本文通过工程实例和瑞雷波检测结果,证实了该方法处理的复合地基,除了承协     

碎石桩复合地基承载特性研究

通过对广州市某快速干线一标段碎石桩复合地基承载特性研究,分析了桩、土应力的变化规律和碎石桩处理软土地基的机理及其特点。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861