贵州省黔西县龙场煤矿南回风立井地面预注浆工程得失探讨

龙场煤矿南回风井采用立井开拓方式,设计直径φ5.5m,掘深268m。根据井检施工报告,揭露断层破碎带一处,含水层3段,预计涌水量37m^3/h。按照立井施工规范,必须进行预注浆处理。为此,设计共分三个层序,每层序各3孔共9孔（其中最后层序3个孔为检验加强孔）。因业主不同意施工第三层序孔,预注浆处理后井筒涌水量将近10m^3/h,但仍未达到全井少于6m^3/h的目的,以致未达到设计目的,增加了施工难度,延缓了工期。本文就注浆施工从设计到施工进行剖析,指出施工中的得失,对类似工程有指导作用。     

淮南张集煤矿灰岩含水层数值模拟及涌水量预测

为了正确评价淮南煤矿张集煤矿灰岩含水层对煤层开采的影响,探明详细的水文地质条件,本文利用-536 m水平放水成果资料,利用GMS建立了张集煤矿C3Ⅰ组灰岩含水层水文地质模型及其数值模型,经识别和验证后,获得了灰岩含水层水文地质参数,并结合"突水系数",进行数值模拟分析,计算水文地质参数,预计灰岩疏水量,并利用数值模拟参数分别模拟计算了-536 m、-565 m水平、-566 m水平的安全开采下的疏放量。此次计算结果为张集煤矿采煤过程中灰岩水的防治提供了一定借鉴。     

灰岩含水层中稀土元素在地下水与围岩间的分异:以皖北任楼煤矿太原组灰岩含水层为例

采取了皖北任楼煤矿太原组灰岩和灰岩水样品进行稀土元素测试分析,结果显示灰岩样品稀土总量较低,平均为36.947×10-6,灰岩样品稀土配分模式表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型;灰岩水样品稀土总量平均为0.052 6×10-6,灰岩水样品轻、重稀土均富集,轻、重稀土之间分异明显。对灰岩含水层水岩相互作用进行研究,结果表明:轻稀土表现稳定,重稀土分异明显,尤其在Y处有一个明显的峰值;Y元素与Ca元素呈正相关关系,相比石灰岩,灰岩水的Y/Ho、Y/Dy分异更为明显。研究认为,灰岩水中Y元素的峰值效应也可作为灰岩水源识别的依据。     

邯邢矿区奥陶系灰岩上部注浆改造技术

注浆改造是华北型煤田下组煤开采的有效防治水技术之一。但是目前该项技术只能解决浅部上组煤问题,随着采深的增大,注浆改造煤层底板薄层灰岩含水层已不能满足安全开采条件。以东庞矿下组9号煤开采为例,分析了奥陶纪峰峰组岩溶含水层富水特征,研究了对奥陶系顶部进行注浆改造的可行性和相关技术问题,得出,对东庞矿奥灰上部进行注浆改造在技术上是可行的,合理的注浆改造厚度为40 m。试验性注浆结果表明,钻孔涌水平均堵水率达到74%,注浆效果良好,并提出了下一步防治水工作建议。     

厚表土深立井基岩段探水预注浆施工技术

山东单县煤田陈蛮庄煤矿松散层厚度为527.5m,预注浆段井深为750.-758.40m,预计涌水量为26m^3/h,为有效治理工作面水害,确保井筒的安全施工和进度质量,根据基岩段围岩条件及水文地质条件设计了10个预注浆孔,注浆段混凝土材料由C40变为C70,确定含水层预注浆的止浆垫厚度为10m,预留岩帽厚度为4.5m。在注浆时采取高压分段注浆的方法,结果使主井涌水量减少到2.4m^3/h,效果显著。通过此次注浆,总结出了＂探、注、堵＂等一套深立井基岩含水层综合注浆堵水施工技术,对深立井井筒工作面探水预注浆和安全施工具有借鉴意义。     

国外高压喷射注浆技术的发展

1970年日本研制出单管旋喷注浆法(CCP法)后,相继又研制出二重管(JSG)、三重管旋喷注浆法(CJP)和SSS-MAN多管注浆法.这三种方法自80年代以来,已在我国推广使用.但是高压喷射注浆法在城市应用时返出的泥浆排放是一个问题,日本在这方面做了不少研究工作.日本高压喷射注浆已向大直径、多方位喷射方向发展.本文将介绍国外最近研制的几种高压喷射注浆工法.     

瞬变电磁技术在煤层底板含水层注浆改造中的应用

煤层底板含水层注浆改造技术可以彻底根治底板水害。利用瞬变电磁技术探测煤层底板含水层的赋水性特征,确定工作面内注浆改造重点区域,指导钻孔布置,并在底板改造后检验注浆改造效果。其在焦作矿区的应用效果明显。     

东保卫矿西风井地面预注浆施工技术

东保卫煤矿现有生产能力和通风网路满足不了生产接续问题,依据矿井生产持续发展的需要,需补做一个西翼采区风井。井筒穿过的基岩地层部分岩石破碎,工程地质稳定性较差;井筒涌水量偏大,为了给井筒安全快速掘砌提供保障,决定开拓前对基岩段进行地面预注浆,以加固井筒围岩和封堵基岩地下水。     

高压喷射注浆在非开挖技术中的应用

本文介绍了高压喷射注浆特点,探讨了其在非开挖领域中的应用。     

测井与地震资料联合反演预测K2灰岩及其含水性

阳煤五矿主要可采煤层15号煤层顶板发育的K₂灰岩不是良好的地震波反射界面,常规地震剖面很难连续追踪。测井曲线上的K₂灰岩表现为高密度和高视电阻率异常,采用密度与视电阻率两种测井曲线融合生成拟密度曲线,基于模型反演得到地层岩性数据体,从而识别灰岩的赋存形态与厚度;采用概率神经网络反演的方法,优选出9种地震属性,构成神经网络训练样本,对灰岩的孔隙度和视电阻率进行神经网络反演,预测灰岩的富水性。     

应用三极断面测深技术探测井下含水构造

在研究矿井特殊条件下电流场分布规律的基础上,阐述了矿井直流电法勘探的原理和三极断面测深技术,并结合一个具体实例介绍了断面测深技术在井下含水构造探测中的应用,旨在说明井下电法勘探的特殊性。实践证明三极断面测深技术能够查明井下含、隔水层结构和厚度等几何特征,查清工作面断层、褶曲等含水构造的位置、产状、导水性和富水性等,作为采前水文地质勘探的主要技术手段是切实可行的。     

大宝山钼矿复杂地层钻探技术

广东大宝山钼矿区地层复杂,钻孔施工中常发生漏失、掉块、坍塌垮孔、缩径等情况,易造成钻具折断,卡钻、烧钻、埋钻等事故,且取心困难。通过选择合理的钻探工艺方法、护壁堵漏措施和钻探取心技术措施,使大宝山钼矿床和北面山多金属区详查找矿钻探工作顺利完成。详细介绍了大宝山钼矿复杂地层钻探技术。     

Influence of an Inclined Rock Stratum on In-Situ Stress State in an Open-Pit Mine

In-situ stress plays a major role with respect to deformation and stability around underground or surficial excavations located at significant depth. Many sedimentary rock masses are more or less horizontally bedded. However, a possibility exists to have one or few inclined rock strata such as dikes in these horizontally bedded formations. It is important to know how the in situ stress changes from a purely horizontally bedded situation to a horizontally bedded rock mass that contains one or few inclined rock strata. This paper presents such an investigation using the largest open-pit metal mine in China—as a case study. This mine has a bedded rock mass with one steeply inclined rock stratum. For the bedded rock mass, the vertical stress was calculated based on the overburden above each lithology. The available in situ stress measurements conducted at the mine were used to estimate the ratios of horizontal to vertical stress. Numerical modeling was performed for the two scenarios: (a) the horizontally bedded system subjected to both the in situ and boundary stresses and (b) the mine lithological system that includes an inclined stiffer (denser) stratum intruding softer horizontally bedded system subjected to only boundary stresses to investigate the influence of an inclined rock stratum on the computed stress field. Thirty points were selected to compute the stresses on six planes of the inclined rock stratum. Due to the discontinuous nature of the geologic system at the interface between the stiffer inclined stratum and softer horizontally bedded system, one principal stress has become normal to the interface plane and the other two have become parallel to the interface plane with all three being perpendicular to each other. Presence of the stiffer inclined rock stratum has given rise to (a) increase in normal stresses up to about 120 % in the inclined rock stratum and (b) new shear stresses approximately in the range ?10.0 to 15.0 MPa. This means, because most of the rock masses are not purely horizontally bedded, estimation of in situ stress through measurements as well as application of in situ stress in numerical modeling associated with underground or surficial excavations located at significant depth is a difficult exercise. A better way to estimate the in situ stresses for complex geologic systems may be through application of appropriate boundary stresses to the geologic system in a numerical model.     

煤炭充填开采技术在济宁煤矿的应用

济宁市煤炭企业为安全高效开采煤炭资源,开展了煤炭充填开采技术研究,该技术的实施既释放了地下煤炭资源,提高资源回收率;又控制了土地塌陷,减少矸石占压,保护矿区生态环境,提高矿井开采安全保障程度,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。但该技术还存在生产效率低、厚层煤充填效果不理想、不能满足大面积实施等一些问题,需要进一步完善提高。     

Discontinuous Modelling of Stratum Cave-in in a Longwall Coal Mine in the Arctic Area

This paper presents a discontinuous numerical approach for studying roof cave-in mechanisms and obtaining the required support capacity of longwall shields in a case study site, the Svea Nord coal mine in Svalbard. The block size in the roof strata and the mechanical parameters of the discontinuities for the numerical model were obtained through back-calculations. The back-calculations were conducted with a statistical method of design of experiment. Numerical simulations revealed that voussoir jointed beams are formed before the first cave-in occurs. The maximum deflection of a roof stratum in the study site prior to the first cave-in is about 70 % of the stratum thickness. The maximum span of the roof strata prior to the first cave-in depends upon the in situ horizontal stress state. The roof beams have a large stable span when they are subjected to high horizontal stress; but horizontal stress would increase the possibility of rock crushing in deflected roof beams. The simulations and field measurements show no periodic weighting on the longwall shields in the study site. Stiff and strong roof beams would result in large first and periodic cave-in distances. As a consequence of having large cave-in distances, the longwall shields must have high load capacity, which can be calculated by the presented numerical approach.     

柴里煤矿二水平岩巷的工程地质问题探讨

论证了柴里矿区现代地应力场为大地静力场型，指出地应力研究的工程意义，通过层位，实践，经济效益几方面的对比，指出三灰是二水平主干岩层位选择的最佳层位。     

Research on Surrounding Rock Control Technology of Gob-Side Entry Retaining by Directional Roof Cutting in a Deep Coal Mine

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - With the development of coal resource mining at depth, rock burst and other disasters faced by deep mining are more and more common. However, deep mining...     

青海省聚乎更煤矿区煤系烃源岩生烃过程研究

通过“青海省天峻县聚乎更煤矿区南部煤炭预查”工作的开展,以及对烃源岩分布特征和烃源岩生烃过程的模拟研究,认为青海省聚乎更煤矿区煤系烃源岩主要有3种：煤、暗色泥岩、油页岩。煤层主要分布在木里组上段,以下1煤和下2煤2层巨厚煤层为主要代表;暗色泥岩贯穿于木里组上段、江仓组下段、江仓组上段;油页岩主要分布江仓组上段。煤系烃源岩有2次生烃过程,分别为侏罗纪晚期—白垩纪早期、古近纪早期,前者为主要生烃期,后者为次要生烃期。     

东庞煤矿DB2-E5井侧钻水平钻进技术

DB2-E5井是冀中能源公司东庞煤矿奥陶系灰岩注浆钻探工程的第一口侧钻水平注浆井。分析了该井的钻进难点,给出了井身结构设计和分支井设计轨迹等,详细介绍了该井实钻技术措施及所采用的钻具组合和钻进参数。该井的成功,对东庞煤矿奥陶系灰岩注浆防水、治水及降低钻井成本具有重要意义。     

明光苏巷石盐钾盐矿区钻孔地层造浆的研究

粘土侵是地层粘土侵入钻井液使其性能变坏的现象。只要在沉积地层（一般为砂岩、泥岩、页岩、灰岩）中钻进,或多或少都存在粘土侵入钻井液的问题,使其性能变坏。而地层造浆不但解决了粘土侵的问题,同时把粘土侵变废为宝、变害为利,关键问题是什么样的地层可以采用地层造浆。目前国内各个地方都在不自主的使用地层造浆,而对地层造浆的具体研究却相对较少。以明光苏巷石盐钾盐矿区ZK012普查（科研）钻孔为例对地层造浆进行了探讨研究。