难进入地区钻探工程航空运输技术经济分析

论述了难进入地区钻探工程航空飞行运输方式,对直升机吊运的技术经济性进行了研究,认为在地质调查钻探施工作业中应用航空运输的客观条件已基本具备;航空器在钻探工程中的应用必将促进钻探装备技术的发展,标志着地质调查钻探作业水平进入了一个新的高度。     

地质钻探铝合金钻杆材料研制及室内试验研究

与钢钻杆相比,铝合金钻杆具有比强度高、刚度低、耐腐蚀性好等优点,在实施钻探工程作业时,可增加现有钻探设备钻进能力,减少钻机动力消耗,降低钻探施工难度,减轻工人劳动强度.开展地质钻探铝合金钻杆研究,对提高我国难进入地区地质调查钻探工程效率、推动地质钻探科学技术进步以及节能降耗工作具有重大现实意义.本文介绍了7E04铝合金...     

宁夏钻机搬迁机械化的实践

地质勘探中的钻探工程,打一个孔,换一个地方,所以拆迁安装工作是钻探工程中一项重要工序。如何提高这一工序的机械化程度,减轻体力劳动,减少搬迁时间,逐步实现钻机搬迁机械化,是广大钻探工作者急于解决的技术难题。根据我们多年的认识和实践,介绍一点经验和体会。     

试论钻探设备搬迁机械化问题

钻探施工环境条件不同,解决钻探设备搬迁机械化的方式也各异。本文谈到了我国曾使用过的一些钻探设备搬迁方式,并比较系统而全面地论述了加拿大、苏联、美国、英国和澳大利亚在钻探设备搬迁方面的一些情况,内容涉及搬迁方式特点,搬迁装置的技术性能以及使用条件等等。 解决钻探设备机械化搬迁问题并没有固定的模式,完全取决于技术和经济上的可行性和合合理性。     

DR-150型全液压履带取样钻机的研究

为解决区域地质、环境地质及农业地质填图工作,特别是在钻探验证工程中孔位浅,分布散等问题,设计一款新型的适合于工地常搬迁、快速迁移的集成化、模块化轻便取样钻机,其需具有能更好的解决工程施工中存在的问题、提高钻探施工质量和效率、实现钻探设备的整体搬迁和多种钻探工艺组合配套施工工艺等优点。     

砂钻工艺实验

内蒙是砂金矿较多的地区。自1975年以来，我队在内蒙中、西部进行砂矿勘探。到目前为止，总计完成钻探工作量20，000米。最初，我们用北京型岩心钻机作为钻探设备，使用中发现该设备较重，搬迁不便，也不适应砂钻工艺特点。后又采用龙江型钻机，使用效果仍不佳。1977年经研究实验，我们选择了北京探矿厂的DPP—100型工程钻机。经改装采用外管超前、内管落后取样的双管钻进工艺。并将北京型岩心钻加压器改装使用，采用机械加压。施工效果良好，而且搬迁方便，工艺、操作简单，深受工人欢迎。去年，     

钻探工程全面实现机械化搬迁的实践小结

钻探工程是当前地质工作的主要手段,且已扩大到住房建设、桥梁建筑、城市供水和水利建设的各科研领域。随着国民经济建设的日益发展,钻探工程的应用范围将更加扩大。在这样的情况下,钻探设备的更新换代和多样化,尤其是钻探设备搬迁、安装、拆卸等工序实现机械化是非常重要的。其中煤田钻探工程更加显得突出,其原因:①目前煤田勘探钻孔深度多在600m～1000m,为适应这一孔深施工的需要,钻机、钻塔等设备都比较笨重。②现有钻塔多数还是四角钢质钻塔、拆、安、搬迁都是比较笨重的体力劳动。③为适应野外工作的需要,钻机场房、发电机房、住房和生活用房等都要改革或创新。以上三点如果不加以改革,实现机械化搬迁将是一句空话。为开展这一较大项目的研究,我局在国家地质总局的直接领导和关怀下,用了近10年的时间,投资在数十万元以上到1992年底已部分钻机基本上实现了钻机现场的全面机械化搬迁,并逐步得到了推广。现将我局钻探现场全面实现机械化作业的各项重大改革项目分别介绍如下:     

空气反循环连续取样钻探技术在新疆乌什磷钒矿区的应用

通过选取合适的钻探设备和合理的钻进参数,空气反循环连续取样工艺在新疆乌什磷钒矿区取得了良好的应用效果。该工程实践表明,在缺水地区及岩矿样难采取的地层,空气反循环连续取样钻探技术取样率可达到100%,施工成本低,经济效益显著。介绍了施工设备、管材的配置及钻探施工工艺。     

八十年代的钻探工业

进入八十年代以来，钻探技术应用领域愈益广泛。首先是钻探工业为全人类探明和开发了大量矿产资源、能源和地下水资源，创造了无限财富，促进了现代物质文明。其次是钻探工业在现代建筑业、交通和水电等工程勘察和建造方面用途越来越广，已成为不可缺少的工程技术。以上就是近几年来世界范围内钻探制造业和施工业发展迅速与技术不断进步的背景，并且形成了八十年代钻探工业（DRILLING INDU-STRY）。     

国外钻塔制造的主要动向

近年来,在美国和英国出现一种倾向,即最大限度地用轻便桅杆代替钻塔钻进直孔和斜孔。在难通行地区进行钻探工作时特别注意钻塔结构。因此,把结构分成小型部件,其尺寸和重量不仅可用汽车和越野汽车运载,还可用货运飞机和直升飞机运输。由于使用     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。