黔东震旦系—下寒武统黑色岩系稀土元素地球化学特征

：通过对黔东丹寨南皋剖面和三都渣拉沟剖面的稀土元素分析发现：两条剖面的梅树村期与筇竹寺期 分界处大量稀土元素明显富集,黑色页岩中存在明显的Ｃｅ负异常和Ｅｕ、Ｙ 正异常,表明为缺氧和热水沉积的产物。 这套黑色岩系总体沉积于缺氧和具热水注入的环境中,但发生缺氧和热水注入的时间和强度在不同地方会有不同 的表现。     

贵州剑河圭深铀矿床物质来源和沉积环境研究

贵州剑河圭深铀矿床位于南明向斜东南翼,含矿岩系为老堡组和牛蹄塘组碳质页岩,围岩为老堡组硅质岩。为了探究该矿床的物质来源和沉积环境,文章在野外地质调查的基础上,开展了全岩元素地球化学特征研究,结果表明：硅质岩和碳质页岩的Zr/Hf和Y/Ho值变化较大,且具有平坦的稀土元素配分模式,指示成岩成矿物质来源受大陆风化和海水作用共同控制;硅质岩和碳质页岩都具有较低的Th/U值（最大值为0.25）、较高的δU值（最小值为1.84）和V/(V+Ni)值（最小值为0.87）,在稀土元素配分模式图上具有Ce负异常,指示圭深铀矿床形成于缺氧还原的沉积环境。     

贵州寒武纪系列生物群及其研究意义

由牛蹄塘组生物群、台江生物群、凯里生物群组成贵州寒武纪布尔吉斯页岩型生物群。牛蹄塘组生物群由德国柏林工业大学和贵州工业大学于１９９８年在贵州北部下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色泥页岩中发现,计有海绵、节肢、刺细胞、软体等动物、藻类等化石１４属。台江生物群位于台江...     

黔北下寒武统黑色岩系的沉积环境与地球化学响应

下寒武统黑色岩系在我国华北、华南及塔里木盆地等广泛发育,但富有机质泥页岩的分布特征及其控制因素未有定论。本文对黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组(及同时期地层)不同沉积相带典型剖面中的富有机质泥页岩及其上下层位进行了地球化学分析,识别出寒武纪早期不同沉积相带氧化还原环境的明显差异。台内凹陷相主要岩性为黑色页岩,底部为不等厚的薄层磷块岩和硅质岩或硅磷质结核,沉积的黑色页岩厚度大,有机质丰度高,V、Ni、Mo、U等微量元素显著富集,反映了贫氧-缺氧环境,以及短暂动态的硫化环境,Mo/TOC反映了其为局限盆地特征;上斜坡相为贫氧到氧化的沉积环境,但更多地是表现为氧化的沉积环境,其中牛蹄塘期存在局部的硫化环境,沉积的黑色页岩厚度小,但有机质丰度最高,V、Ni、Mo、U等微量元素的富集程度较低;盆地相为黑色硅质岩与富有机质的黑色硅质页岩间互沉积,同期沉积厚度较小,有机质丰度相对较低,V和U的富集程度大于台内凹陷相,而Ni和Mo的富集程度则低于台内凹陷相,指示了缺氧环境,期间伴随有贫氧和短暂的氧化环境存在,且可能存在局部的硫化环境,Mo/TOC反映了中等的局限程度。总的来说,黔北下寒武统黑色岩系的有机质丰度...     

云南德泽下寒武统黑色岩系中Ni-Mo-V-PGE多金属矿化

云南省德泽地区筇竹寺组黑色岩系位于扬子陆块南缘下寒武统黑色页岩分布带的西端, 不同于该带中段湘黔地区的牛蹄塘组, 它发育有两个多金属富集层位, 其中, 石岩头段黑色碳质粉砂岩底部富集V、U、Ag和Pd, 玉案山段黑色页岩底部富集Mo、Ni、Pt和Pd.筇竹寺组黑色岩系整体上富集V-Ni-Mo-U-Ag-Pt-Pd, 而牛蹄塘组黑色岩系则富Ni-Zn-Co-Pt-Pd-Ag-Pb, 但它们都经历了相似的缺氧环境, 且具有相同的PGE和Ni、Mo富集机制, 是一种重要的非传统矿产资源类型.      

寒武纪早期牛蹄塘组中记录的大气—海洋富氧波动

寒武纪早期的海洋环境变化对生命大爆发具有重要影响,尽管前人对该时期海洋氧化还原条件以及古生产力做了大量研究,但对其氧化还原条件的波动仍存在争议。本研究以位于扬子地台东缘湘中坳陷西北缘的湘安地1井2～5 m分辨率采集的样品为研究对象,针对上埃迪卡拉统留茶坡组至寒武系牛蹄塘组和污泥塘组展开综合地球化学研究。对样品进行主量、微量以及稀土元素测试分析,牛蹄塘组下部δCe的负异常指示了富氧海水环境,但与其高浓度的Mo、V、Ni、Cr、U等微量元素含量矛盾。综合华南板块在埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪转折期广泛的浅海大陆架暴露风化的事实,推测牛蹄塘组黑色页岩微量元素浓度的富集不仅受控于当时海水氧化还原条件,还受到其源区（即暴露的浅海大陆架）的氧化还原条件变化的约束。总有机碳（TOC）含量在寒武系牛蹄塘组下部迅速增高,推测该时期古海洋生产力大幅提高,氧气的生成通量快速提升,导致寒武纪早期大气—海洋发生的富氧波动,并进一步促进了以后生动物为特征的寒武纪生物大爆发。     

华南渣拉沟剖面纽芬兰世沉积水体氧化还原状态演化

为研究纽芬兰世斜坡一盆地环境背景下的水下隆起的沉积水体氧化还原性质的垂向演化,本文选取黔东南渣拉沟剖面,进行总有机碳含量(TOC)、铁组分、黄铁矿硫同位素(δ~(34)S_(py))、干酪根的碳和硫同位素(δ~(13)C_(kero)、δ~(34)S_(kero))等方面的分析。本文依据硅质岩、磷块岩、多金属硫化物层和干酪根碳同位素等对比标志,对渣拉沟剖面进行地层对比,认为:渣拉沟剖面本文分析层段大体与滇东纽芬兰世石岩头组的中下部相对应。铁组分和TOC/S_(py)显示渣拉沟剖面老堡组硅质岩段处于缺氧非硫化环境,其上覆的渣拉沟组分析层段以硫化环境为主,其间间断性的发育缺氧非硫化环境,并最终回复到缺氧非硫化环境。δ~(34)S_(py)与δ~(34)S_(kero)在老堡组的缺氧非硫化环境都较渣拉沟组中的硫化环境重,可能与前者的细菌硫酸盐还原反应主要发育在相对封闭的孔隙系统,后者的细菌硫酸盐还原反应主要发育在相对开放的沉积水体有关。     

湘西北早寒武世黑色岩系微量元素地球化学特征

对湘西北杆子坪剖面牛蹄塘组黑色岩系进行了系统的微量元素地球化学研究，结果表明：牛蹄塘组底部黑色岩系Ni、Mo、V、U、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Tl、Ba等亲硫元素与过渡元素高度富集，U／Th大于1，稀土元素具有明显的正Eu异常与正Y异常，是海底热水沉积作用的结果。牛蹄塘组上部碳质页岩与泥质页岩亲硫元素与过渡元素明显降低，而Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Rb等高场强与大离子元素明显增高，表明陆源碎屑来源越来越多。     

黔北牛蹄塘组的地球化学特征及形成环境

贵州北部早寒武世的黑色岩系-牛蹄塘组。主要为黑色页岩,含浮游生物,其中产钼、钒等矿床。其具有独特的元素地球化学特征:K、Ti元素在黑色页岩中的含量高于底部硅质岩,而P元素的含量却相反,硅质岩中的含量显著高于其上覆的黑色页岩;岩孔和菜园两地的共同特点是V、Ba、U的含量明显偏高,富集系数在3以上,显著的差别是Ta元素,其在岩孔是亏损的,而在菜园却明显富集;西部岩孔的稀土总量高于东部菜园,稀土配分曲线形态近于水平或略向左倾,具弱的负Eu异常或不显异常。硅质岩较页岩的负Ce异常程度高。地层特征、元素地球化学特征及特征元素和比值,所反映的是下寒武统牛蹄塘组形成于缺氧的还原环境。     

湘西地区前寒武纪—寒武纪转折期碳酸盐—硅泥质沉积体系的截然转换：地层—沉积样式|形成机理及意义

前寒武纪—寒武纪转折期是地球历史演化的重要阶段之一,不仅纪录了后生动物的产生、灭绝以及加速分异的过程,同时也伴随着海洋地球化学明显的变化、长期全球性海洋缺氧等。为了更好地认识这一重要时期地球表层环境演变及动力机制,我们对湘西地区台地—盆地转换带不同沉积类型及空间变化进行了重点解剖,发现寒武纪最早期该地区在台—盆转换带上,碳酸盐岩与硅质岩地层呈现一种截然接触,显示硅岩的形成受张性同生断层控制; 该带内硅质岩成分、结构独特,主要有富管、孔丘状硅质岩、漏斗状/楔状硅质岩和脉状硅质岩体,为深部富硅热液流体沿（同生）断裂向上运移到海底喷流后沉淀（硅烟囱）而形成的一套硅质沉积。此带向盆地方向,主要发育层状硅质岩,反映热液活动衰减而海水影响增强。考虑到扬子北缘及南缘台—盆转换带的硅质岩广泛分布,因此,热液活动很有可能沿着台地边缘发育,规模巨大。在这种情况下,大量热液来源的富金属和非金属元素的还原性流体和温室气体进入海洋或大气,加速气候变暖以及海洋缺氧和富营养化。热液活动后期,由于地壳热力衰减、盆地沉降导致大规模海平面上升,深部富营养盐随上升洋流被输送至浅部,促使生物产率得到极大地提高,进而形成牛蹄塘组富有机质黑色岩系沉积。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861