国家数字地震台网中心实时观测数据接收技术

国家数字地震台网47个数字化地震观测台站的地动实时观测数据,通过卫星信道传送到国家数字地震台网中心,再经信号分配器传至7台实时处理机。47个台的信号分成3个区域以3组计算机互为实时热备份的方式接收和处理地动波形数据。     

应用于地震预警系统的实时高频GPS接收与处理软件设计

针对高频GPS实时处理技术在地震预警系统中的应用要求,对GPS数据实时数据接收、处理等关键技术进行研究,研发了应用于地震预警系统的实时高频GPS接收与处理软件.软件具有实时GPS数据与地震数据同步接收、实时GPS数据定位、数据存储、网络数据服务等功能.本文详细介绍了软件架构和RTCM3.1格式实时GPS数据流的解码方法、实时GPS定位软件TrackRT软件在本软件中的应用.     

地震监测实时仿真对比系统在水库气枪主动源激发观测实验中的应用

气枪震源具有高度可重复性,可用于检测和分析地震监测仪器的响应特性。2016年5—6月,在福建漳州南一水库、永定棉花滩水库进行气枪主动源激发观测实验,使用全球导航卫星系统GNSS、强震仪、烈度计实时采集数据,应用地震监测实时仿真对比系统,将强震仪和烈度计记录信号仿真为位移信号,与GNSS记录的真实位移信号进行对比分析,验证实时仿真对比算法的可靠性、适用条件以及强震仪和烈度计记录位移的能力。结果表明,该实时仿真对比系统具备实时数据接收、数据处理、数据显示功能,实现了各类仪器记录波形的实时对比,具体如下：①GNSS仪器Trimble NetR9记录的GPS信号,与北斗信号差分解算后的精度(水平向精度5mm,垂直向精度10mm)相当;②烈度计VH-GL-LDY与强震仪CMG-50TCDE记录波形具有较好的一致性,采用同一NTP授时服务器,CMG-50TDE在授时精度上的表现优于VH-GL-LDY;③强震仪和烈度计记录的加速度信号可以仿真得到相对真实的位移时程,且仿真位移信号在10—60 s频带范围内与GNSS位移信号的相关性最高。     

LED显示屏在地震台网中的应用

主要介绍了一种基于Delphi语言,显示台站串口通信线路故障及台网值班情况的LED显示屏软件。其主要功能是接收并处理计算机串口收到的数据,采集实时机发来的串行数据,同时显示系统时间、人员值班情况及滚动显示通知内容。     

考虑属性和空间逻辑的地震灾情数据清洗器设计与实现

针对目前地震灾情信息普遍存在的质量问题,根据灾情数据的属性逻辑,采用逻辑分离的清洗框架中基于规则引擎的数据清洗方法进行初步清洗;再从灾情数据的空间逻辑关系出发,通过聚类分析进一步修正数据中存在的错误,弥补基于逻辑分离的清洗框架在孤立点异常检测方面的不足。基于上述规则引擎与空间聚类相结合的清洗技术,设计并实现了一种考虑属性和空间逻辑的地震灾情数据清洗器,并应用于2017年"8·8"九寨沟7.0级地震,分析四川省地震灾情快速上报接收处理系统接收到的客观震感灾情信息。结果表明:地震灾情数据清洗器可快速检测并修正异常的灾情信息,有效提高接收到的灾情数据质量。     

兰州卫星热红外与短临地震预报(Ⅰ)

甘肃省地震局在兰州观象台建成了专门用于地震预报的极轨气象卫星云图接收站 ,为利用卫星资料进行短临地震预报新方法的探索提供了得天独厚的资料条件。本文主要阐述地面热红外数据反演的基本方法和步骤。     

实时地震数据处理系统网络通讯服务

EDSP-MCRTS是区域数字地震台网中心实时地震数据处理系统专用软件包。该软件包已在全国20多个区域数字地震台网和古巴等国家数字地震台网投入运行。该系统具备以下功能：实时接收多路地震波形数据;实时事件检测;对检测到的地震事件进行自动分析;实时波形数据记录和事件波形数据记录;数据存储管理;系统运行管理。     

台湾南投7.6级地震前卫星红外异常

1999年 9月 2 1日台湾南投 7.6级大地震前 1 0天 (9月 1 2日 ) ,笔者注意到卫星红外异常情况 ,并于 9月 1 4日向浙江省地震局监测预报中心作了口头通报 :“近期台湾或其海峡一带将有大震发生”1,并请金华市气象台将卫星云图资料保存下来 2 .这些云图是一份宝贵的临震红外异常记录 ,现予公布 ,供大家研讨 .1　临震卫星红外异常时空演变纪实笔者获悉 9月 1 0日 2 2时台湾东海域发生 5.2级地震后 ,9月 1 2日就去金华气象台观测卫星红外云图 .从震前的 GMS卫星云图 (图 1 )可见 :在原本基本均一的台湾东部洋面上 ,1 999年 9月 4日 2 3时 (世界…     

基于服务系统的实时精密单点定位技术及应用研究

讨论了实时精密单点定位的若干关键技术,着重研究了实时精密钟差估计算法;利用全球40个IGS跟踪站连续、实时的观测数据流进行实时精密卫星钟差估计,解算出的实时精密钟差与CODE事后精密钟差具有较好的一致性,二者互差的RMS优于0.2 ns.采用实时估计的卫星钟差和IGS发布的超快速精密卫星轨道进行实时精密单点定位模拟实验,结果表明：经过大约15~30 min初始化后,实时精密单点定位滤波收敛之后水平方向的定位精度优于5 cm,高程方向的精度优于10 cm,能满足在该精度级别的实时用户的定位需求.处理汶川地震期间震区的GPS观测数据,结果表明实时精密单点定位能够探测地震发生期间的地面同震位移.     

可视化技术及其发展前景述评

本文介绍了可视化技术提出的背景及其应用。在评述国外研究情况的同时，对国内的部分研究项目，如在卫星云图三维显示中的应用也作了介绍。     

FY2G卫星新一代高能带电粒子探测器观测数据分析

风云二号系列卫星是我国开展动态空间天气事件和空间环境监测及预警业务的重要观测平台,各系列星上均安装有高能带电粒子探测仪器开展卫星轨道空间带电粒子辐射环境连续实时的动态监测.FY2G卫星于2015年1月发射,星上采用了全新的高能粒子探测器,包括:一台高能电子探测器可监测200keV-4 MeV的高能电子,一台高能质子重离子探测器可监测4~300 MeV的高能质子,从而实现对带电粒子更宽、更精细能谱的监测.本文给出了FY2G高能带电粒子探测器在2015年1月至2015年10月期间几起典型的带电粒子动态观测结果,结合太阳和地磁活动相关参数,对高能带电粒子通量在亚暴、磁暴和太阳爆发等扰动影响下细节变化过程和特征作出了较为详细的分析描述,展现了FY2G卫星高能带电粒子探测器对轨道空间粒子环境动态变化的准确响应能力,表明观测数据可开展更加精细的轨道粒子环境评估.针对FY2G高能带电粒子探测结果进一步开展了与GOES系列卫星同期观测的比对分析,结果反映出在较小的扰动条件下多星观测到的带电粒子响应和通量变化可基本趋于一致或保持相对稳定的偏差,而扰动条件的显著变化会加大多星观测带电粒子响应和通量变化的差异,这些结果可为今后开展多星数据同化应用提供参考,也为发展磁层对扰动响应的更加复杂的图像提供了新的可能.     

中巴资源一号卫星湖泊信息提取——以南京景为例

中巴地球资源一号卫星（CBERS－1）是我国的第一颗地球资源卫星,它的发射成功及运行,解决了长期依赖国外卫星数据的缺陷,本文简要介绍了CBERS－1的传感器类型,并利用CBERS－1 1999年11月29日过境的南京景数据,根据图幅特点,将水质信息尤其是该区内的湖泊信息加以提取,进行分析,较为详实的分析了区内湖泊所面临的环境问题。     

A five component land seismic sensor for measuring lateral gradients of the wavefield

We built a five-component (5C) land seismic sensor that measures both the three-component (3C) particle acceleration and two vertical gradients of the horizontal wavefield through a pair of 3C microelectromechanical accelerometers. The sensor is a small cylindrical device planted vertically just below the earth's surface. We show that seismic acquisition and processing 5C sensor data has the potential to replace conventional seismic acquisition with analogue geophone groups by single 5C sensors placed at the same station interval when combined with a suitable aliased ground roll attenuation algorithm. The 5C sensor, therefore, allows for sparser, more efficient, data acquisition. The accuracy of the 5C sensor wavefield gradients depends on the 3C accelerometers, their sensitivity, self-noise and their separation. These sensor component specifications are derived from various modelling studies. The design principles of the 5C sensor are validated using test data from purpose-built prototypes. The final prototype was constructed with a pair of 3C accelerometers separated by 20 cm and with a self-noise of 35 ng Hz^−1/2. Results from a two-dimensional seismic line show that the seismic image of 5C sensor data with ground roll attenuated using 5C sensor gradient data was comparable to simulated analogue group data as is the standard in the industry. This field example shows that up to three times aliased ground roll was attenuated. The 5C sensor also allows for correcting vertical component accelerometer data for sensor tilt. It is shown that a vertical component sensor that is misaligned with the vertical direction by 10° introduces an error in the seismic data of around –20 dB with respect to the seismic signal, which can be fully corrected. Advances in sensor specifications and processing algorithms are expected to lead to even more effective ground roll attenuation, enabling a reduction in the receiver density resulting in a smaller number of sensors that must be deployed and, therefore, improving the operational efficiency while maintaining image quality.     

MIGRATION OF VSP DATA BY RAY EQUATION EXTRAPOLATION IN 2-D VARIABLE VELOCITY MEDIA*

The standard Kirchhoff algorithm can be generalized for migration of pre-stack finite-offset data from variable-velocity media. The concentric ellipses over which the data are spread in constant velocity media become significantly distorted (even multi-valued) in the variable velocity case. The specific shapes can be explicitly defined by kinematic extrapolation of the source and recorded wave fields with the ray equation. The use of Kirchhoff migration with a surface source and a subsurface recorder requires that two sets of Kirchhoff loci be superimposed. For each trace, the first set of loci is computed with the source and the actual recorder position as foci; the second set is computed with the source and the virtual recorder position as foci. This dual procedure explicitly incorporates the primary diffracted energy and the free-surface reflections, respectively. Implementation involves the construction of a virtual medium, lying above the free surface, with a velocity distribution that is the mirror image of the actual distribution below the free surface. Ray-equation extrapolation is performed through the real/virtual boundary. The resulting image is produced in a split form, with all the contributions of the primary reflected and diffracted energy lying in the lower ‘real’ half and all the contributions of the energy that was reflected at the free surface lying in the upper ‘virtual’ half. The final image is produced by folding the split image about the free surface and adding the two halves. A practical advantage is that the origin of various contributions (and artifacts) can be more readily identified (for interpretation or removal) in the split images. The ray-equation pre-stack migration algorithm is very general. It is applicable to all source-recorder geometries and variable velocity media and reduces exactly to the standard Kirchhoff algorithm when applied to zero or finite-offset surface survey data. The algorithm is illustrated by application to VSP data. For the VSP geometry, the algorithm does not require any specific trace spacing (in depth) and can be used for data from deviated as well as vertical holes.     

COSMIC数据验证FY-3 MWTS通道4的观测结果

利用无线电掩星探测在平流层具有较高精度和稳定性的优势,本文采用COSMIC资料验证我国风云3号(FY-3)系列卫星上微波温度探测仪(MWTS)通道4表征的平流层低层测量结果.两年的FY-3A/3B上MWTS通道4观测亮温与掩星数据模拟的亮温相比较分析表明:两颗卫星平台上MWTS通道4观测亮温都偏高,尤其在热带地区和极区夏季;FY3A/3B上MWTS通道4亮温偏差的月均值变化趋势较为一致,两个年份的变化趋势也较为一致.MWTS通道4表征的平流层低层观测亮温在不同纬度带呈现不同偏差分布特征:热带地区明显系统偏高2~4 K,中纬度地区偏高1 K;而高纬度地区则出现随季节显著变化的偏差,尤其在南极地区季节差异达到5 K,这种依赖于环境温度出现的较大亮温偏差不完全是频率偏移引起.热带地区观测与模拟亮温差异显著,并且热带地区样本对于全球总体亮温偏差影响程度达到20%,这表明COSMIC数据在热带地区的验证结果需谨慎使用.     

基于遥感影像纹理信息的湖泊围网养殖区提取

中国东部许多湖泊被人为围网养殖开发,高密度的围网养殖区较容易导致湖泊富营养化和水质恶化,因此人们利用遥感数据开展了湖泊围网养殖区的调查研究．对于湖泊围网养殖区的提取大多采用多光谱分类或目视解译手工数字化,多光谱分类围网养殖区和自然水体易于混淆,而手工数字化对于大区域提取工作量比较大.论文提出了基于遥感影像纹理信息的湖泊围网养殖区提取方法,事实证明此方法易于实现且提取精度高．该文选用中巴资源卫星02星多光谱数据,以白马湖为试验区,首先采用归一化差值植被指数提取水体及少部分光谱特征与之相似的人工建筑物和裸土,再采用主成份分析对研究区影像进行数据压缩和几何信息增强,利用灰度共生矩阵对影像纹理信息进行分析,以均值为量化指标,确定其最佳阈值,最后以决策树分类方法提取湖泊围网养殖区．     

Separation of split shear waves based on a hodogram analysis of HTI media

Although the shear-wave birefringence phenomenon affects the imaging of converted shear waves, it also provides a considerable amount of information on subsurface fracture development. Therefore, it is significant to separate split shear waves before seismic interpretation and reservoir prediction. In this paper, we propose a new method of split shear waves separation based on the polarization directions derived from hodogram analysis. Through the hodogram analysis, we find that the split shear-wave particle motions are within the range of a specific and fixed rectangle, which have relations with the fracture azimuth in strata. In addition, we found that a couple of split shear waves can only be fitted to the unique trajectory rectangle through the theoretical derivation. Based on this, we establish the trajectory rectangle through the wave vector calculation and calculate the fracture azimuth according to the fact that the one edge of the trajectory rectangle is along or perpendicular to the fracture azimuth. Synthetic data analysis shows that the calculation accuracy of fracture azimuth under the constraint of trajectory rectangle is less affected by the time delay between split shear waves than using the method of eigenvector–eigenvalue decomposition (EED). Therefore, we can obtain better results for separation of split shear waves using our method than using EED. Eventually, we propose an approach of layer stripping to deal with the problem that shear wave split several times due to the situation that different strata have different fracture azimuths. Synthetic data test indicates that our method can achieve higher calculation efficiency and faster convergence speed than the conventional eigenvector–eigenvalue decomposition method, even though the data are of a low signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, field data applications show the effectiveness and potential of our method.     

测震miniSEED格式数据在线实时展示方法研究和Java实现

本文介绍了一种基于Java语言的测震miniSEED格式数据的解压缩方法和数据实时展示程序。程序能够通过Java的socket接口接入测震流服务器,自动接收liss数据流并解压缩测震miniSEED格式数据。使用队列与缓冲池技术将解压缩的数据分流、过滤,并以ASCII码的数据形式进行存储,最终通过web对数据进行实时发布,以提供测震波形数据实时在线服务。     

A stability criterion inherent in laws governing alluvial channel flow

The stability criterion of maximum flow efficiency (MFE) has previously been found inherent in typical alluvial channel flow relationships, and this study investigates the general nature of this criterion using a wider range of flow resistance and bedload transport formulae. For straight alluvial channels, in which the effect of sediment sorting is insignificant, our detailed mathematical analysis demonstrates that a flow efficiency factor ε occurs generally as the ratio of sediment (bedload) discharge Q_s to stream power Ω (γQS) in the form of . When ε is maximized (i.e. Q_s is maximized or Ω is minimized), maximally efficient straight channel geometries derived from most flow resistance and bedload transport formulae are found compatible with observed bankfull hydraulic geometry relations. This study provides support for the use of the criteria of MFE, maximum sediment transporting capacity and minimum stream power for understanding the operation of alluvial rivers, and also addresses limitations to the direct application of its findings. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Remote sensing application system for water environments developed for Environment Satellite 1

Remote sensing data collected by the Environment Satellite I are characterized by high temporal resolution, high spectral resolution and mid-high spatial resolution. We designed the Remote Sensing Application System for Water Environments (RSASWE) to create an integrated platform for remote sensing data processing, parameter information extraction and thematic mapping using both remote sensing and GIS technologies. This system provides support for regional water environmental monitoring, and prediction and warning of water pollution. Developed to process and apply data collected by Environment Satellite I, this system has automated procedures including clipping, observation geometry computation, radiometric calibration, 6S atmospheric correction and water quality parameter inversion. RSASWE consists of six subsystems: remote sensing image processing, basic parameter inversion, water environment remote sensing thematic outputs, application outputs, automated water environment outputs and a non-point source pollution monitoring subsystem. At present RSASWE plays an important role in operations at the Satellite Environment Center.