放射性地层学的探讨

探讨了放射性地层的划分原则和单位、界线、放射性地层对比、放射性异常的概念以及放射性地层工作程序和研究方法,提出在区调中开展放射性地层研究的建议。     

运用放射性水化学方法寻找隐伏铀矿体

着重介绍了放射性水化学方法寻找隐伏铀矿的过程：即,从找到放射性水化学异常点到放射性水化学异常晕,到初步评价和工程揭露。以放射性水化学找矿2个成果为例,说明放射性水化学方法是寻找隐伏铀矿的有效方法之一。     

利用放射性方法寻找断层圈闭油气藏

断层圈闭油气藏受断层控制, 其放射性异常形式有特殊性。通过对断层圈闭油藏上放射性异常形成机理的探讨, 提出断层圈闭油气藏上放射性异常的形式, 并对延吉盆地油藏测量剖面上放射性异常特征进行分析, 总结出断层圈闭油藏上放射性异常模式。     

贵州省钼、镍、钒多金属矿放射性环境影响评价方法初探

本文针对贵州省黔中、黔东地区在开采钼、镍、钒多金属矿过程中,共伴生放射性所产生的放射性环境影响,提出钼、镍、钒多金属矿放射性环境影响评价的基本步骤和程序,包括放射性源项分析与确定、评价因子选取、评价范围与管理限值的确定、放射性现状调查、放射性环境影响预测与评价,并对各个步骤进行分析和探讨。     

航空放射性测量在环境检测中的应用

通过对铁、煤开发利用中形成的放射性热点的成功航空检测,以及对中国辐射照射量率图的分析,确定了几个放射性水平偏高区域,从而阐明了航空放射性测量在环境检测中的作用.最后分析了放射性照射对人体健康的影响,指出了今后开展大面积航空放射性检测的必要性.     

放射性测井法定计量单位的换算

放射性测井法定计量单位的换算董大勇（中国矿业大学地质系徐州２２１００８）关键词放射性测井;法制计量学;国际单位制;物理量单位;换算中国图书资料分类法分类号Ｐ６３１．８１７放射性现象是１８９６年由贝可勒尔发现的。本世纪初,人们开始应用放射性方法解决地学...     

氯化法钛白粉生产项目放射性环境影响评价

在放射性核素走向分析和环境现状调查的基础上,对某氯化法钛白粉生产项目的放射性环境影响进行了分析、预测与评价。放射性环境现状调查表明,评价因子总体在区域环境本底范围内,经分析确定了放射性敏感点。经放射性环境影响预测,工作人员和公众所受的附加剂量分别为0.59mSv/a和9.28×10-4mSv/a,均低于年有效剂量管理限值。在落实辐射防护和环境保护措施并加强放射性环境监测后,该项目的放射性环境影响符合国家有关法规和标准限值要求。     

乌鲁木齐市地下水中总α、β放射性的测定及其天然放射性所致内剂量的估算

2019年以来,根据《水质总 α放射性的测定厚源法》(HJ 898-2017)和《水质总 β放射性的测定厚源法》(HJ 899-2017)对乌鲁木齐市城市地下水的总 α放射性和总 β放射性浓度开展了常规监测,监测结果显示:总α放射性浓度2019年为0.016～0.234 Bq/L,2020年为0.016～0.167 B...     

成都平原放射性环境地质评价

根据成都平原地质背景和环境放射性现状,分析了地质条件对放射性水平的影响及原因,总结了成都平原地质环境对天然放射性水平及其分布的影响规律。     

放射性勘探探寻油气藏的试验效果

对应用放射性直接探寻油气藏勘探试验所取得已知油藏区的资料进行了综合分析。总结了油气藏上方放射性异常的规律;探讨了放射性异常与油气藏的关系。对放射性异常的数据处理方法及应用放射性方法探寻油气藏的应用效果进行了剖析。指出:在实际应用中,氡浓度测量在勘查油气藏方面比伽玛能谱总量和伽玛能谱具有较好的应用效果。     

国内外绿色建材开发研究进展

绿色建材是一种既不破坏环境、又能保护环境、节约能源和资源、满足社会发展的新型建筑材料。本文扼要回顾了绿色建材的研究史、概念及内容,对国内外绿色建材的进展作了述评。指出应提高环境保护意识,大力开发和使用绿色建材,提高人类居住环境的健康、安全条件,以保证社会可持续发展。     

试谈花岗石石材的放射性

通过常见花岗石石材岩石矿物特征的论述，介绍了不同的岩石化学成分和矿物组成对花岗石石材放射性强度的影响。指出选用饰面石材时，灰色系列和暗色系列放射性值低较为安全，对于浅色系列需要分别对待，使用前进行放射性活度检测是必要的。     

Active and passive measurements of radon diffusion coefficient from building construction materials

The gaseous state and chemical inert behavior of radon make it important tracer for the radon transport study through the building materials. The radon resistant property of building construction materials is important parameter to control the indoor radon levels in living and workplaces. The materials with higher radium content can be made less severe by the use of some building materials of low diffusion coefficient and diffusion length. This makes the study of radon diffusion through building material more important along with the study of exhalation and radioactivity content. Keeping this in mind the radon diffusion study was carried out through different building construction materials used for wall and floor by active and passive techniques. The diffusion coefficient from these building materials measured by passive methods varied from (0.9 ± 0.5) × 10^?7 to (22.95 ± 13.19) × 10^?6 m²s^?1 and radon diffusion length varied from 0.21 to 3.31 m for cement, soil, sand, wall putty and plaster of Paris (POP) etc. The radon diffusion coefficient measured by active technique varied from 1.93 × 10^?10 to 1.36 × 10^?7 m²s^?1 for samples with definite geometry like paper, polyethylene, marble, granite etc. The radon diffusion coefficient and diffusion length depend upon the porosity and density of materials for powder samples.     

钍射气（~（220）Rn）及其子体的研究现状与展望

对钍射气220Rn及其子体的来源、影响因素、测量方法、剂量评价和防治措施作了概括性的介绍与展望。环境中220Rn的来源主要有建材和地质。220Rn的影响因素包括土壤中232Th的含量、建筑材料类别与性状、建筑物的通风条件、离墙和地面距离、季节、地表γ辐射水平等。根据测量原理的不同,220Rn测量可以分为滤膜法、闪烁室法、固体核径迹法、活性炭吸附法、半导体探测法和化学方法等。220Rn子体比220Rn对剂量的贡献更加重要。220Rn防治措施包括：建材选择、增加室内空气的流动、加强通风和阻断地基中的钍射气220Rn来源等。     

环境水土对重要建筑材料的腐蚀作用

从建筑材料和水土中活跃成分的化学性质出发,讨论环境水土成分对重要建筑材料的腐蚀的机理及其评价的有关问题。     

膨润土在土木工程中的应用与机理

由于膨润土中蒙脱石矿物特殊的晶体结构,使其具备了许多优良的技术物理特性。从而使膨润土作为各种地下工程结构和屋面的防水材料、岩土裂隙灌浆材料、槽孔护壁稳定材料以及矿岩防灭火材料等,在土木工程中得到日益广泛的应用。并显示出良好的应用前景。     

Petrographical and chemical properties of building stone,plaster and mortar used in Güvercinkayası Settlement (Asia Minore): An overview of material usage habits in the Middle Chalcolithic period

Several ancient settlements of the Middle Chalcolithic period (c.5200–4750 BC) have been identified in the Asia Minore (Turkey). One of these ancient settlements, the Güvercinkayası settlement, was founded in Central Anatolia, and is the precursor of the castle city model. This study was carried out in order to reveal the basic geological features of the region where Güvercinkayası settlement was established. In addition, it was aimed to define the plaster, mortar and building stones used in settlement, to determine the source areas and to understand the selection and use of building materials in that period.The obtained data show that the Güvercinkayası settlement was established on the Lower Pliocene (5.33–3.60 Ma) Kızılkaya ignimbrite, and mineralogical composition of the ignimbrite consists mainly of tridymite, cristobalite, orthoclase (rarely sanidine), plagioclase, quartz, biotite, and secondary calcite. The Kızılkaya ignimbrite was mainly used as building stones on the walls, and as aggregate in the mortars. Similar to the other Middle Chalcolithic period settlements in the region, it is seen that easily processed materials from nearby sources were chosen as building materials. In addition, the fact that protein and oil are not used as additives and preservatives in mortars and plasters proves that these materials are not widely used yet.     

Geoarchaeology and Construction of the La Chabola de la Hechicera Megalithic Tomb,Elvillar, Northern Spain

La Chabola de la Hechicera, a Neolithic collective tomb which was first used at ca. 3850 B.C., has been re‐excavated for interpretation and stabilization. Information about the sources, handling, and placement of building materials allowed determination of the methods used to construct the dolmen monument. All of the rocks used in the structure are local Miocene sandstones, and the slabs were probably taken directly from the base of natural slopes near the monument. The chamber slabs were not carved, but some passage slabs were retouched to level the cover slabs. Fragments for the tumulus were obtained by mechanical fracturing. All of the slabs are imbricated, making it possible to determine the order in which they were placed. Thus, the identification of building materials and their mode of placement allows for the reconstruction of each stage of the building of the monument, providing unusually rich data for understanding the geoarchaeology and building archaeology of a dolmenic structure.     

论江苏若干矿产资源开发利用的新方向

江苏泥炭大多数为低有机质分解较强的低位泥炭，适于制作肥料或制成腐肥使用；江苏硅质原料丰富，一种以硅为主的化肥——硅肥正日益显示其重要性；湖泊淤泥具有颗粒微细、含砂量少、可塑性高、结合力强、干燥敏感性好和收缩率较大等特点，是生产空心砖的最佳原料；高家边组泥页岩和坟头组底部细粉砂质泥岩及泥质粉砂岩是良好的陶粒原料、砖瓦、陶瓷建材以及水泥用粘土质原料；利用矿泉水与茶的结合能够生产出高、中、低多效应的复合型新产品。上述尚未被利用或利用程度不够的矿产资源有着广泛的开发利用前景。     

Quality assessment of replacement stones for the Cologne Cathedral: mineralogical and petrophysical requirements

Owing to its long building history, different types of building stones comprised the construction of the Cologne Cathedral. Severe damage is observed on the different stones, e.g., sandstones, carbonate, and volcanic rocks, especially when the different stone materials neighbor the medieval “Drachenfels trachyte” from the “Siebengebirge”. The question arises, “Is the insufficient compatibility of the implemented building materials causatively related to the strong decay of the Drachenfels trachyte?” The present investigations focus on the petrography and mineralogical composition of eight different stones from the Cologne Cathedral. Petrophysical data, i.e., phase content, moisture and thermal characteristics as well as strength properties are determined and discussed in correlation to each other, showing that not only in terms of lithology great differences exist, but also the petrophysical properties strongly diverge. The ascertained parameters are discussed in view of the deterioration behavior and decay mechanisms of the different stones. To evaluate the compatibility of original, replacement and modern building materials, the properties of the investigated stones are compared to those of Drachenfels trachyte by means of constraints given in the literature. Besides optical properties, petrophysical criteria are also defined as well as strength values. It could be shown that primarily moisture properties, i.e., capillary and sorptive water uptake, water saturation, drying processes and moisture dilatation can be addressed to the deterioration processes.