山西灵丘云彩岭组的时代归属——SKOLITHOS潜穴化石的研究和意义

山西灵丘地区产有十分丰富和壮观的管状岩，即Skolithos潜穴化石，它们可与国外产同类化石的一些典型地区相媲美。化石产于一套以紫红色砂岩为主的碎屑岩系中，文中称云彩岭组。云彩岭组位于前寒武系雾迷山组或高于庄组与寒武系毛庄组之间，前人将其归于新元古代早期的青白口系。笔者根据基本潜穴化石Skolithos linearis的对比研究，将其归为早寒武世早期，具体层位在昌平组（府君山组）及其相当层位之下，因而是华北地区已知层位最低的寒武纪地层。根据该类化石的指相意义和上下层位相标志的研究，云彩岭组为一向上变浅的岩系，属三角州相沉积。     

豫西长城系遗迹化石及其意义

本文记述了近两年我们在豫西长城系云梦山组、白草坪组、北大尖组、崔庄组及三教堂组中发现的大量遗迹化石。它们大部分为平行岩层面的潜穴(现均已被石英砂充填),个体较大,形态复杂,表面多光滑无饰,有些具横向环节。造迹生物很可能以蠕虫类为主。伴生的沉积构造主要为浪成波痕。据前人研究,产化石地层相当于蓟县地区长城系,时代在1400Ma以前。豫西长城系遗迹化石的发现,对研究地球上后生动物的起源与早期演化、对丰富遗迹学的内容以及对我国北方晚前寒武系的划分、对比及沉积环境的确定等,都具有重要意义。     

浙西下寒武统大陈岭组沉积异常及其海啸成因初探

前人对浙西下寒武统大陈岭组沉积相分析一直存在半深水相和浅水相两种观点。大陈岭组化石极少,仅中上部产营漂浮或游泳生活的节头虫类Arthicocephalus, Arthricocephalites和Changaspis,不见底栖类化石。对大陈岭组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素分析显示,对应于产半深水相生物化石的层位存在碳同位素正漂移,表明此处水体较深;但该组大量发育碳酸盐岩台坪相的沉积标志-鸟眼构造,与较深水相生物和碳同位素正漂移的解释结果相悖。作者在对浙西开化、常山、江山寒武系野外调查时发现大陈岭组存在一套地震-海啸沉积岩系,且海啸岩的产出层位与江山较深水相化石、碳同位素正漂移层位相当。研究认为,海啸作用可以使不同环境的沉积物相互混合,造成沉积异常,浙西下寒武统大陈岭期沉积异常是海啸事件的反映,海啸作用把较深水生物和沉积物带到浅水区沉积下来,并造成碳氧同位素短暂、急剧的正漂移。     

华北寒武纪—奥陶纪豹皮状碳酸盐岩系生物扰动成因

华北地区寒武系和奥陶系发育了大量的生物扰动白云岩/生物扰动灰岩,选择两个代表性剖面——河南登封寒武系剖面和山西兴县奥陶系剖面进行碳酸盐岩系生物扰动成因研究。河南登封寒武系第二统朱砂洞组中的遗迹化石较单一,主要为Thalassinoides、含有少量Planolites;山西兴县中奥陶统马家沟组五5亚段中遗迹化石较丰富,识别出的遗迹化石共7个遗迹属,分别为Arenicolites、Cylindricum、Helminthopsis、Lorenzinia、Planolites、Teichichnus、Thalassinoides,其中Thalassinoides占主导地位。朱砂洞组主要为滨岸碳酸盐潮坪相,中奥陶统马家沟组五5亚段主要为局限台地相。通过野外地质考察及室内相关实验手段及方法,利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜对生物潜穴及围岩进行了宏观和微观结构分析,发现生物潜穴内部主要为白云石,基质围岩主要为方解石,生物潜穴在野外露头上表现为颜色不一的斑块状。两个剖面大量发育遗迹化石Thalassinoides(海生迹),Thalassinoides的三维潜穴系统为白云石化流体提供了良好的运移通道,为回流渗透作用提供了有利条件,促进潜穴充填物白云石化,从而形成了大量豹皮状的生物扰动白云岩。     

Gyrolithes:边缘海沉积的特征遗迹化石

Gyrolithes为螺旋形垂直居住潜穴,是具成对附肢的两侧对称甲壳类所建造,出现在近海泻湖和河口湾等边缘海和极浅海环境中,常与半咸水条件有关。塔里木盆地塔中地区诸多钻井的下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组上部大量发育有此类潜穴,在局部层位可形成强烈的扰动构造。伴生的遗迹化石很少,只有极个别的Beaconites。根据沉积学、地球化学和古生态学特征,这类潜穴形成在半咸水的泻湖环境中。这类潜穴外壁基本平直,在泥质沉积物中掘穴深度大而不变形,而且其充填物与围岩完全不同,这些特点表明Gyrolithes为固底控制的遗迹化石。     

辽南及邻区寒武系与震旦系界线讨论

岩石地层学,生物地层学、化学地层学研究成果表明,辽南及邻区寒武系底部层位为产Megapalaeolenus灰岩之下的含小壳动物化石的紫红色陆源碎屑岩层。震旦系顶部层位为产宏观藻类化石的重力流沉积岩系。这一结论改变了以往将寒武系底界置于产Megapalaeolenus灰岩之底的方案。     

藏北比如中侏罗世马里组遗迹化石的发现及其意义

描述了藏北比如地区中侏罗统马里组的遗迹化石8属8种（其中包括1个新遗迹属和2个新遗迹种）：表面光滑无饰、具有较薄管壁和密集新月形回填构造的不分枝水平潜穴Beaconites biruensis ichnosp.nov.,沿层面分布的哑铃形潜穴Bifungites cf. hanyangesis Yang,圆柱状厚管壁的分枝并构成假网状的潜穴Biruichnus maliensis ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.,窄长的、内肢抓痕的二叶形遗迹Cruziana ichnosp.,以垂直于层面的圆管为中央放射出排列不规则且粗细变化较大细管的多分枝潜穴系统Micatuba cf. verso Chamberlain,平行或微斜交于层面的圆柱状微弯曲或弯曲的潜穴Palaeophycus ichnosp.,栖管段有规律地交替向两侧分叉呈Z字形或锯形的三维潜穴系统Treptichnus cf. bifurcus Miller,平行层面的、具有蹼状构造的简单U形潜穴Rhizocorallium ichnosp.。西藏比如地区中侏罗统马里组有大量的波状层理、透镜状层理和脉状层理等潮汐层理,发育侵蚀构造,上部紫红色含砾粗砂岩、长石砂岩发育,为滨岸相沉积。马里组的遗迹化石以浅层内生迹的爬行觅食潜穴和居住滤食性潜穴占有优势,也见有节肢动物的爬行迹和系统觅食潜穴,且产遗迹化石的层位见小型干涉波痕,为近海浅水中至低能的沉积环境。     

贵州福泉牛蹄塘组蠕虫状化石组合的发现

贵州省福泉桅杆坪地区寒武系底部牛蹄塘组黑色页岩中以炭质印模的形式保存有大量宏观后生动物化石.化石微细特征保存较差,多属于疑难化石.该化石组合以化石个体较大的蠕虫状化石和疑似杆壁虫类化石为优势分子,还常见管状类化石、遗迹化石,以及少量的软舌螺、海绵骨针等化石碎片.该化石组合紧位于镍钼多金属层之上,与遵义等地区的松林生物群(牛蹄塘组下生物群)的层位相当,化石组成基本一致,但优势生物存在明显差异.福泉地区牛蹄塘组蠕虫状化石组合的发现,丰富了寒武系牛蹄塘组的生物群面貌,为研究早期后生动物演化提供了新资料和新信息.对该化石组合的进一步研究,也必将为这种特殊生物群的古环境恢复和埋藏学研究提供有利的古生物学证据.      

贵州瓮安埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组上段底部和下段的遗迹化石

贵州瓮安地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组上段产有保存良好的具有生物多样化特征、包含多种门类磷质球粒状化石库的“瓮安生物群”,成为地球早期生物特别是早期后生动物和动物胚胎化石研究的焦点地区。描述了产自瓮安陡山沱组“瓮安生物群”产出层位底部和之下层位的3个后生动物遗迹：Wenganichnus nanbaoensis（ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.）为具有衬里和半月形回填构造的微弯曲的潜穴管; Doushantuoichnus curvatus（ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. ）为具有细小横纹脊的中沟和两排呈叠瓦状排列的小羽叶状凸起的表生迹;?Planolites ichnosp. 为任意弯曲的、与围岩岩性略有区别的长线状底迹突起。遗迹化石的形态特征表明它们的造迹生物为沿一定方向运动的、背部与腹部以及前部与后部分化的、两侧对称的蠕虫状后生动物,而非沉积构造。“瓮安生物群”中后生动物的卵和胚胎化石可能系不易保存的软躯体动物的卵和胚胎在水动力作用下与沉积物一起被搬运、沉积,埋藏于较高能浅水环境并处于休眠状态,且被保存。     

海南岛南好地区志留纪软骨鱼类化石的发现及地质意义

本文描述了海南岛南好地区志留纪足赛岭组三段上部首次发现的软骨鱼类化石,认为它的层位介于扬子区志留系同类生物群第1组合(Hunanacanthus-Eosinacanthus)至第2组合(Sinacanthus-Neosinacanthus)之间,并与第2组合带关系密切,其地质时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇中期.根据足赛岭组所产软骨鱼类化石及其伴生的腕足类、珊瑚、三叶虫等,认为它们与扬子区及塔里木盆地西北缘同期生物群面貌彼此接近或关系密切.在兰多维列世特列奇中期,可能同属一个生物古地理区.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861