板柱-剪力墙结构的动力特性分析

采用有限元方法，改变结构的跨度和层数，对无边梁的板柱-剪力墙结构、带边梁的板柱-剪力墙结构和框架-剪力墙结构的动力特性进行对比分析。指出水平荷载作用下无边梁的板柱-剪力墙结构的侧移曲线是弯曲型的，而带边梁的板柱-剪力墙结构的侧移曲线是弯剪型，并且边梁可以有效提高板柱-剪力墙结构侧向刚度。     

基于典型工程实例对剪力墙抗震性能动力时程分析的提高研究

为提升剪力墙抗震性能分析精度,以某高层建筑工程楼体剪力墙为背景,将静力弹塑性分析方法与能量等效准则相结合,确定房屋剪力墙结构沿2个主轴方向的三线性恢复力参数,通过参数构建房屋剪力墙相近层模型。使用三维有限元模型模拟房屋剪力墙工程楼体,并采用相近层模型模拟该楼体三维有限元模型抗震性能的动力时程。结果表明,随着地震水平和楼层的增加,房屋剪力墙层间侧移角包络值和顶点侧移角包络值都在明显增加。设置黏滞流体阻尼器可改善房屋剪力墙受两种地震波的作用,在Ⅸ度罕见地震作用下,房屋剪力墙结构的X向减震效果比Y向好,房屋剪力墙X向和Y向层间位移角的最大减震率分别约为38%与18%。     

钢框架-带缝钢板剪力墙结构受力性能分析

本文对4种钢框架、6种带缝(两排)钢板剪力墙片(四周与构件无连接)和6种固接的钢框架-带缝钢板剪力墙结构在3种不同竖向荷载作用下的抗侧能力和往复荷载下的滞回性能进行了研究,并对比分析。结果表明:前两种结构的侧移刚度、抗侧能力相对较低,屈曲后刚度退化快;钢框架-带缝钢板剪力墙结构的侧移刚度、抗侧能力和耗能能力比前两种结构有明显的提高,说明钢框架与带缝钢板剪力墙片固接后工作协调性能良好。带缝钢板剪力墙片与钢框架-带缝钢板剪力墙结构的整体设计参数宽高比W/H,开缝设计参数开缝墙肢的高宽比h/b、宽厚比b/t、开缝墙肢与剪力墙的高宽比h/H对结构的抗侧能力和滞回性能有很大影响。W/H增大,结构的抗侧能力增强,滞回性能降低;h/b、b/t、h/H增大,结构的抗侧能力降低,滞回性能提高。     

方钢管混凝土框架-十字加劲薄钢板剪力墙的力学性能研究

采用大型通用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS 6.10分别对方钢管混凝土框架-十字加劲薄钢板剪力墙和非加劲薄钢板剪力墙进行了数值分析,对二者的受力特征、刚度、极限承载力、剪力分配及柱子的受力特征进行了研究.结果表明:当肋板刚度比为30时,十字加劲肋能够提高钢板剪力墙结构的弹性屈曲荷载、极限承载力、初始刚度,降低柱子轴压比对剪力初始分配的影响;在加载的初始阶段(顶点侧移角小于0.2％),钢板剪力墙承担了大部分剪力,随后墙板承担剪力的比例逐渐下降,框架承担的比例逐渐上升,当顶点侧移角达到1％时,框架和钢板剪力墙承担剪力的比例保持不变;方钢管混凝土框架-薄钢板剪力墙的滞回环饱满,滞回性能稳定.由于薄钢板墙拉力场作用,方钢管混凝土柱壁易与混凝土发生分离,在设计时应予以注意.     

剪力墙结构层间位移计算方法探讨

规范对高层剪力墙结构层间位移进行限制时,没有考虑结构体系侧移模式不同的影响,这对以弯曲变形为主的结构会造成很大的误差,甚至得出一些与实际情况完全不相符的结论。针对这一问题,本文根据剪力墙结构的受力特点,将楼层位移分为有害位移和无害位移,将层间位移分为名义层间位移Δui和有害层间位移Δui~,用倒三角形分布水平荷载的等截面悬臂杆件的弯曲变形曲线作为剪力墙结构的近似侧移曲线,从理论上分析了剪力墙结构的名义层间位移、有害层间位移、层间相对转角以及截面的弯曲曲率之间的关系,给出有害层间位移的实用计算公式。最后,对比分析了控制剪力墙层间变形的几种不同方法,并通过算例分析验证了本文方法实用可行,与实际情况符合较好。     

钢结构抗侧力体系抗震性能对比

常见的钢结构抗侧力体系包括抗弯钢框架、偏心支撑钢框架和钢板剪力墙结构,它们的耗能构件分别为框架梁、耗能梁段以及内填钢板。现行规范采用基于强度的设计方法,不能保证结构的整体破坏模式,无法对各抗侧力体系进行横向比较。采用近年来的性态设计方法,设计了3组10层抗弯框架、偏心支撑钢框架和钢板剪力墙模型,进行了静力弹塑性分析和动力弹塑性分析,对比了各抗侧力体系的承载能力、抗侧刚度、延性、层间侧移分布、破坏模式以及用钢量。对比结果表明:抗弯钢框架承载力和刚度最小,偏心支撑钢框架的延性最好,钢板剪力墙虽然承载力最高,但是延性却是最低。     

钢框架-钢板剪力墙结构抗震性能研究

基于等效拉杆理论,对3组不同高度的钢框架-钢板剪力墙结构进行动力时程分析,研究了结构的层间侧移角、塑性铰出现顺序和外框架与支撑架的剪力分配等指标。结果表明:设计合理的钢框架-钢板剪力墙结构符合双层抗侧力体系设计原则。钢板剪力墙进入弹塑性状态后其支撑架的刚度并不明显退化,结构在各级地震下的外框架与支撑架的剪力分配比例较为稳定。另外,其剪力分配比例受其结构失稳类别的影响,一般情况下,外框架分配的剪力随结构高度的增加而增加。     

基于宏观模型的暗支撑短肢剪力墙非线性分析

建立了适合于带暗支撑短肢剪力墙非线性分析的宏观计算模型，分析推导了SAP程序中Link单元的刚度矩阵，明确了Link（单元中各弹簧的物理意义，给出了各单元等效刚度计算方法，选取了合适的单元力一位移关系。用由Link单元建立的宏观模型对3片普通短肢剪力墙和3片带暗支撑短肢剪力墙进行了静力弹塑性分析，试验和计算所得顶点力一位移骨架曲线符合良好，说明所建宏观模型合理，用由Link单元建立的宏观模型能较好的模拟带暗支撑短肢剪力墙的非线性行为。     

基于超级单元的钢-混凝土混合结构动力特性及地震反应研究

本文提出了基于超级单元的钢框架－混凝土剪力墙结构体系动力特性及地震反应分析的一种方法，该方法考虑了混合结构体系中钢框架部分的受力和变形特点，即节点柔性（半刚性）、梁柱效应（p-δ效应）及P－△效应（以下合称P－Delta效应），推导了考虑三种因素情况下，钢框架的层间侧移刚度及钢框架－混凝土剪力墙结构体系的超级单元刚度矩阵，采用刚度法求解钢框架－混凝土混合结构周期和振型。该方法物理概念清楚，计算简便。     

基于性能的联肢钢板剪力墙抗震设计与评估研究

联肢钢板剪力墙能通过连梁耗能实现多重抗侧体系,其优良的抗震性能被越来越多的学者研究论证。本文基于能量平衡原理和Chao和Goel提出的弹塑性层剪力分布模式,预设目标侧移及屈服机制等性能参数,归纳出完整的联肢钢板剪力墙结构塑性设计流程,并采用该方法基于8度(0.3g)抗震设防条件下设计了12个联肢钢板剪力墙结构算例。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对结构进行了Push-over分析,研究了刚度退化、构件屈服顺序和结构整体变形等方面的结果。结果表明：设计算例能够实现多重抗震机制,并满足预期性能目标。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.