JGS Editors’ choice article

Journal of Geographical Systems -     

Multidimensional economic indicators and multivariate functional principal component analysis (MFPCA) in a comparative study of countries’ competitiveness

Journal of Geographical Systems - The multivariate pluriformity and complexity of economic-geographic space (e.g., cities or countries) are reflected in their empirical multidimensional data...     

Scale and local modeling: new perspectives on the modifiable areal unit problem and Simpson’s paradox

Journal of Geographical Systems - The concept of ‘spatial scale’, or simply ‘scale’ is implicit in any discussion of global versus local models. The raison d’etre of...     

实景三维中国建设技术大纲(2021版)解读与思考

《实景三维中国建设技术大纲(2021版)》是自然资源部发布的实景三维中国建设和新型基础测绘相关的重大的国家级技术指南.本文结合各地实景三维中国建设及新型基础测绘试点项目的情况,对《大纲》中若干重点技术内容进行梳理和解读,并提出思考和见解.     

Implementation and testing of the gridded Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1)

The new gridded Vienna Mapping Function (VMF1) was implemented and compared to the well-established site-dependent VMF1, directly and by using precise point positioning (PPP) with International GNSS Service (IGS) Final orbits/clocks for a 1.5-year GPS data set of 11 globally distributed IGS stations. The gridded VMF1 data can be interpolated for any location and for any time after 1994, whereas the site-dependent VMF1 data are only available at selected IGS stations and only after 2004. Both gridded and site-dependent VMF1 PPP solutions agree within 1 and 2 mm for the horizontal and vertical position components, respectively, provided that respective VMF1 hydrostatic zenith path delays (ZPD) are used for hydrostatic ZPD mapping to slant delays. The total ZPD of the gridded and site-dependent VMF1 data agree with PPP ZPD solutions with RMS of 1.5 and 1.8 cm, respectively. Such precise total ZPDs could provide useful initial a priori ZPD estimates for kinematic PPP and regional static GPS solutions. The hydrostatic ZPDs of the gridded VMF1 compare with the site-dependent VMF1 ZPDs with RMS of 0.3 cm, subject to some biases and discontinuities of up to 4 cm, which are likely due to different strategies used in the generation of the site-dependent VMF1 data. The precision of gridded hydrostatic ZPD should be sufficient for accurate a priori hydrostatic ZPD mapping in all precise GPS and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) solutions. Conversely, precise and globally distributed geodetic solutions of total ZPDs, which need to be linked to VLBI to control biases and stability, should also provide a consistent and stable reference frame for long-term and state-of-the-art numerical weather modeling.     

改进的GM(1,1)模型及其应用分析

GIM(1)模型是一种改进的GM(1,1)模型。文章在介绍两种模型的基础上,分别进行实例计算和分析,得出了GIM(1)具有更大的优越性,具有预测结果精确,对时间的依赖性较小的特点。     

我国地理信息系统建设及进展(1)

GIS的基础背景和发展阶段与GIS业务化应用系统的建设两个部分，着重叙述了GIS建设的探索过程和发展思路，指出GIS建设从初步发展时期的研究实验、局部应用向着实用化、集成化和产业化方向发展，成为国民经济和社会发展普遍使用的工具，在各行各业发挥着重要的作用。同时用实例说明GIS业务化应用系统，在我国大体经历的四个发展阶段。     

GM(1.1)模型在建筑物变形监测中的应用

通过对郑州市居民楼沉降变形监测数据进行处理,分别建立传统的GM(1.1)模型,新信息GM(1.1)模型,新陈代谢GM(1.1)模型,对三种模型进行分析与预报,比较的结果验证了新陈代谢GM(1.1)模型在建筑物沉降变形分析中的实用性、正确性和有效性。     

时变参数PGM(1,1)变形预测模型及其应用

在GM(1, 1)模型的基础上,考虑参数随时间的变化,用多项式逼近模型参数,同时针对GM(1, 1)模型背景值取值方法的不足,引入背景值最佳生成系数,建立了时变参数PGM(1, 1)变形预测模型。多项式中的待定系数采用最小二乘法确定,背景值最佳生成系数采用搜索法确定。实例计算表明,时变参数PGM(1,1)变形预测模型具有较高的模拟精度和预测精度, 适合用于变形体的变形预测。     

GM(1,1)模型在高层建筑沉降预测中的应用

由于高层建筑变形是多因素作用的结果,而其变形系统的实质是一个灰色系统,所以可以采用灰色系统理论对高层建筑变形进行预测。根据灰色系统理论,建立了高层建筑变形的GM(1,1)预测模型。     

时变参数灰色模型背景值重构及实现

针对时变参数灰色模型PGM(1,1)的背景值重构收敛速度及稳定性问题,该文运用积分的方法综合序列在Δt内不同变化趋势,导出背景值模型的准确表达式。实现了反映序列对新老信息偏爱程度的最优权值介于(0,1)内,且非不能越过某一阈值;给出了背景值重构模型最优解准确求取的具体算法步骤。基于MATLAB语言的实验结果表明:改进模型预测精度高,易于实现;所研究的带权灰色模型GM(1,n)背景值模型的重构及计算方法验证了PGM(1,1)模型重构及计算实现方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于非等间隔GM(1,1)模型的沉陷监测预报

开采沉陷是我国最重要的地质灾害类型之一,科学、准确地分析和预报沉陷有着重要的意义。灰色系统理论主要研究"小样本、不确定问题",在贫信息、少数据的情况下有其独到的优势。文章以预测地表沉陷量为目的,结合沉陷监测非等时间间隔的特点,以相邻监测时间间隔为权,建立非等间隔GM(1,1)模型。运用该模型与传统GM(1,1)模型分别针对沉陷监测数据进行模拟和预测,对两种模型的对比分析证明了非等间隔GM(1,1)模型的可靠性和优越性。     

基于扫描统计的甲型H1N1流感聚集性分析

扫描统计已被广泛应用于地域性疾病的聚集性检测,且可检测这种聚集的差异显著性。文中使用扫描统计的方法,通过对2009~2012年全国各省的甲型H1N1流感数据进行时空扫描以及逐年的空间扫描,生成高发病率地区和低发病率地区聚类,并通过叠置分析反映各个地区归入聚类的频次。利用专题地图和统计表分析甲型流感在2009~2012年中的爆发情况和趋势,并对结果进行客观的分析。     

基于D-InSAR与GM(1,1)模型的矿山变形 监测与预测

为充分掌握矿山开采引起的地表残余动态变形及整体变形趋势,本文采用D-InSAR技术与GM(1,1)预测模型相融合的方法对淮北袁店二矿进行了实验研究。首先采用D-InSAR技术对袁店二矿的地表工作面进行实时监测,并利用地表移动观测站的实测水准数据对D-InSAR监测数据进行可靠性验证;然后基于D-InSAR监测数据与GM(1,1)模型的融合动态分析袁店二矿地表残余变形量;最后实现对袁店二矿地表残余变形的有效预测。实验结果表明两者的融合可以有效地对矿山进行变形监测与预测。     

干涉合成孔径雷达及其在火山研究中的应用(第一部分:InSAR原理)

干涉合成孔径雷达是一项能够对地表变形进行测量的遥感技术,在一个巨大区域内,它的变形测量精度可达亚厘米级,而其空间分辨率则在数十米以内。本文回顾了InSAR技术的基本理论,阐明了它的工作原理,并对应用InSAR技术进行地表变形测量的相关问题进行了讨论。     

高层建筑物沉降变形的灰线性预测

本文以高层建筑物沉降变形预测为主要研究目的,讨论了GM(1,1)方法适用于单一指数增长模型、对预测序列数据异常情况难以准确预测的局限性,利用线性回归适用短期预测的特点,提出了基于GM(1,1)与线性回归组合预测高层建筑物沉降变形的方法;对组合模型预测精度起决定性作用的灰指数v和参数m进行了分析,给出了求解灰指数v和参数m的最优值算法,最后利用组合模型对某高层建筑物沉降变形数据进行了解算,应用结果表明,该方法使预测结果更为可靠、准确。     

Apparent clock variations of the Block IIF-1 (SVN62) GPS satellite

The Block IIF satellites feature a new generation of high-quality rubidium clocks for time and frequency keeping and are the first GPS satellites transmitting operational navigation signals on three distinct frequencies. We investigate apparent clock offset variations for the Block IIF-1 (SVN62) spacecraft that have been identified in L1/L2 clock solutions as well as the L1/L5-minus-L1/L2 clock difference. With peak-to-peak amplitudes of 10?C40?cm, these variations are of relevance for future precision point positioning applications and ionospheric analyses. A proper characterization and understanding is required to fully benefit from the quality of the new signals and clocks. The analysis covers a period of 8?months following the routine payload activation and is based on GPS orbit and clock products generated by the CODE analysis center of the International GNSS Service (IGS) as well as triple-frequency observations collected with the CONGO network. Based on a harmonic analysis, empirical models are presented that describe the sub-daily variation of the clock offset and the inter-frequency clock difference. These contribute to a better clock predictability at timescales of several hours and enable a consistent use of L1/L2 clock products in L1/L5-based positioning.     

中巴地球资源卫星应用及其发展

介绍了中巴地球资源卫星应用系统中 7个分系统的基本概况和数据处理系统的基本特点 ,还对星上三种传感器和高密度磁记录器的特点以及产品的生产能力和类型等进行了简单的描述。重点探索了中巴地球资源卫星遥感数据在资源、环境、灾害监测、各种数据库的建立与更新、遥感定量化等方面的应用前景展望。     

灰色GM(1,1)模型在高铁线下工程沉降变形预测中的应用

讨论了GM(1,1)预报模型的建立及应用问题,并通过对贵广铁路某高架桥沉降变形数据进行研究,结果表明,利用GM(1,1)建模进行预报具有理论的可行性和现实意义,说明灰色理论在线下工程沉降变形监测中具有实用价值。     

A note on the SG(<Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>) test

López et al. (Reg Sci Urban Econ 40(2–3):106–115, 2010) introduce a nonparametric test of spatial dependence, called SG(m). The test is claimed to be consistent and asymptotically Chi-square distributed. Elsinger (Reg Sci Urban Econ 43(5):838–840, 2013) raises doubts about the two properties. Using a particular counterexample, he shows that the asymptotic distribution of the SG(m) test may be far from the Chi-square family; the property of consistency is also questioned. In this note, the authors want to clarify the properties of the SG(m) test. We argue that the cause of the conflict is in the specification of the symbolization map. The discrepancies can be solved by adjusting some of the definitions made in the original paper. Moreover, we introduce a permutational bootstrapped version of the SG(m) test, which is powerful and robust to the underlying statistical assumptions. This bootstrapped version may be very useful in an applied context.