一种新的中长基线BDS三频模糊度快速解算方法

虽然TCAR能够实现短基线三频模糊度单历元解算,但由于电离层延迟及观测噪声等的影响,中长基线三频模糊度快速解算仍然是导航定位的一大难点。本文提出了一种新的无几何无电离层三频模糊度解算方法。该方法通过对伪距观测值赋予不同的权重,辅助宽巷及窄巷消除电离层残差的影响,使宽巷及窄巷求解只受观测噪声的影响;然后通过多历元的平滑获取宽巷及窄巷模糊度值。通过实测BDS三频长基线数据表明,相比经典TCAR算法,该方法可大大改善中长基线模糊度的求解精度,经过数据平滑并验证基本可以实现中长基线模糊度的快速解算。     

中长基线三频GNSS模糊度的快速算法

通过研究三频最优组合观测值,分析制约中长基线三频模糊度快速解算的主要因素是残留对流层延迟.在此基础上,提出一种中长基线三频模糊度快速解算新方法,该方法先以较高成功率快速固定两个超宽巷模糊度,然后用这两个模糊度固定的超宽巷组合与任一窄巷组合构成无几何误差和无电离层延迟的新组合.由于该组合只受随机噪声的影响,通过对多历元浮点模糊度平均值舍入取整即可准确地固定中长基线的窄巷模糊度.最后基于GPS双频观测数据生成的三频数据,验证了本文观点的正确性和新算法的有效性.     

改进CIR算法在BDS长基线模糊度解算中的应用

长基线条件下,测站间空间相关性弱,电离层、对流层延迟经过双差并不能很好地消除,致使CIR方法在长基线条件下解算模糊度成功率较低。本文通过BDS三频组合选择长波长、弱电离层组合改进宽巷组合系数,选取（-1,-5,6）代替传统的宽巷组合（0,-1,1）,选择弱电离层几何相位组合（4,-5,2）代替传统的窄巷组合（0,0,1）,并通过将多频点的伪距观测值和确定了模糊度的宽巷相位观测值线性组合消除电离层延迟一阶项。通过实测数据分析,本文提出的算法能够有效解算超宽巷、宽巷模糊度,提高模糊度解算成功率。     

北斗RNSS-RDSS组合模糊度解算方法

电离层延迟较大是基线较长情况下的模糊度解算需要解决的关键问题。当基线较长时,由于基准站和流动站的电离层相关性弱使得双差电离层残差较大,易导致模糊度解算所需时间长且成功率不高。本文提出了一种模糊度解算方法,该方法将北斗无线电测定业务(radio determination satellite system,RDSS)的下行S频段信号测量值与无线电导航业务(radio navigation satellite system,RNSS)信号测量值组合来削弱电离层的影响。首先,通过RDSS信号测量值与RNSS信号测量值一起进行频率组合研究,确定了几组电离层延迟系数小且总噪声波长比(total noise level,TNL)较小的组合。然后,利用这些组合形成几何无关和电离层无关模型解算GEO卫星的窄巷模糊度。最后利用已知窄巷模糊度的GEO卫星测量值辅助求解非GEO卫星的窄巷模糊度。利用实测北斗星历对提出的方法进行了仿真验证,结果表明,本文方法可以从整体上提高模糊度解算的速度和成功率。     

多频载波相位混合伪距组合解算模糊度研究

基于多频载波相位混合伪距组合原理,根据无几何消电离层的限制条件,以组合后噪声最小为目标提出了优选模型,搜索得到适用于GPS中长基线模糊度解算的典型组合;进而研究了利用电离层延迟平滑改进的多频模糊度解算方法,对GPS三频仿真中长基线数据进行了实验。结果表明,采用实时平滑电离层延迟,只需几min的数据便可以使双差电离层延迟影响削弱到cm级,而利用十几min的观测数据可以快速正确固定基础载波相位模糊度,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于北斗三频的短基线单历元模糊度固定

采用三频观测值能组成更多波长更长、噪声较小的观测值;通过依次固定超宽巷、宽巷、窄巷模糊度,可以实现模糊度的快速固定。目前以TCAR、CIR为代表的方法均是基于无几何模型的方法,通过伪距直接求解相位模糊度;由于不同卫星模糊度各自单独求解,没有综合利用所有卫星的观测值信息。基于有几何模型,使用LAMBDA方法进行逐级模糊度固定,依次固定超宽巷、两个宽巷、两个无电离层组合窄巷模糊度,最后使用模糊度固定的两个无电离层组合进行最终基线解算。北斗实测数据验证表明,针对10km的短基线数据,采用本文方法可以实现100%的单历元模糊度固定的成功率。     

精密单点定位模糊度快速固定算法

精密单点定位非差模糊度解算和收敛时间是制约其应用和发展的主要因素。本文从基本观测模型出发,将消电离层模糊度分解为宽巷和窄巷分别固定,并对固定方法做了改进,削弱了初始历元相关性对收敛速度的影响;提出非差相位延迟估计(PDE)解算模型,在不利用区域或全球参考站的前提下解算卫星与接收机相位延迟。通过对中国6个IGS站数据处理结果显示,93%的模糊度可以在20 min内固定。固定后定位精度在E,N和U方向上分别提高了63%,53%和24%;定位精度可以达到毫米至厘米级。对于数据质量较好的站点(如上海站)平面精度可达3 mm,模糊度固定后精密单点定位有了很大提高。     

北斗中长基线三频模糊度解算的自适应抗差滤波算法

针对经典TCAR(three carrier ambiguity resolution)算法受电离层延迟及测量噪声的影响,在中长基线下难以正确固定模糊度的问题,提出一种顾及电离层延迟影响并具有良好自适应抗差特性的改进TCAR算法。在无几何TCAR模型的基础上,通过对模糊度固定的超宽巷进行线性组合得到电离层延迟,再求解宽巷模糊度,通过构造最优组合观测量后用自适应抗差滤波求解窄巷模糊度,以提高窄巷模糊度固定正确率,减小粗差的不利影响。试验结果表明,改进TCAR算法可保证较高的宽巷模糊度固定正确率,有效提高了窄巷模糊度固定正确率,并具有良好抵抗粗差的能力。     

多频模糊度快速解算的CIR方法研究

GPS已经播发三个频率的导航信号,如何实时可靠的确定多频模糊度已经成为研究热点。CIR是用于GPS现代化系统多频模糊度解算最为著名的方法之一,但长基线条件下CIR方法无法有效地进行可靠的模糊度解算。文章分析了电离层延迟和观测噪声对于该方法每一步解算的影响,得出长基线条件下解算模糊度成功率不高主要原因是在长基线条件下电离层残差较大,对基础载波模糊度求解的影响比较大,由此提出了尝试使用超宽巷和宽巷组合计算电离层误差项,对基础载波进行电离层误差改进,并进行实际观测数据解算验证。结果表明:改进的CIR方法对于长基线模糊度求解成功率有一定的提高。     

顾及电离层延迟的BDS-3四频长基线定位算法

针对长基线定位中电离层延迟对定位精度造成的影响,本文提出了一种基于BDS-3四频信号(B1C/B1I/B2a/B3I)的四频消电离层(IF)组合方法,采用消电离层组合观测值消除电离层延迟误差,联合模糊度改正后的超宽巷或宽巷组合观测值构建定位方程,从而实现原始窄巷模糊度和基线位置坐标的解算。试验采用BDS-3四频数据对四频IF组合方法和基于GB-FCAR模型的电离层延迟参数估计方法的定位精度进行对比分析。结果表明,在对长度超过500 km的长基线进行定位解算时,四频IF组合方法可以实现电离层延迟误差消除。与电离层延迟参数估计方法相比,四频IF组合方法水平和垂直方向的定位精度均达分米级,提升幅度分别达35%和40%以上,定位精度显著提高,其相对定位精度可达1×10^-9 m,满足长基线相对定位的要求。     

BDS网络RTK参考站三频整周模糊度解算方法

北斗卫星导航系统是目前唯一一个全星座提供三频观测数据的卫星导航定位系统,三频观测值有助于载波相位整周模糊度的快速、准确固定。本文提出了一种BDS网络RTK参考站三频整周模糊度解算方法。首先利用B2、B3频率的观测值及严格的模糊度固定标准确定超宽巷整周模糊度,将固定的超宽巷整周模糊度与其他宽巷整周模糊度的线性关系作为约束条件,然后估计宽巷整周模糊度、相对天顶对流层延迟误差和电离层延迟误差,并搜索确定宽巷整周模糊度。利用固定的宽巷整周模糊度与三频载波相位整周模糊度的整数线性关系,将线性关系加入载波相位整周模糊度参数估计观测模型中,然后确定载波相位整周模糊度。使用实测的CORS网BDS三频观测数据进行算法验证,结果表明,该方法可正确有效地实现参考站间三频载波相位整周模糊度的快速解算。     

GLONASS phase bias estimation and its PPP ambiguity resolution using homogeneous receivers

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) appreciably improves the position accuracy and shortens the convergence time of precise point positioning (PPP). However, while many studies are limited to GPS, there is a need to investigate the performance of GLONASS PPP ambiguity resolution. Unfortunately, because of the frequency-division multiple-access strategy of GLONASS, GLONASS PPP IAR faces two obstacles. First, simultaneously observed satellites operate at different wavelengths. Second and most importantly, distinct inter-frequency bias (IFB) exists between different satellites. For the former, we adopt an undifferenced method for uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation and proposed an undifferenced PPP IAR strategy. We select a set of homogeneous receivers with identical receiver IFB to perform UPD estimation and PPP IAR. The code and carrier phase IFBs can be absorbed by satellite wide-lane and narrow-lane UPDs, respectively, which is in turn consistent with PPP IAR using the same type of receivers. In order to verify the method, we used 50 stations to generate satellite UPDs and another 12 stations selected as users to perform PPP IAR. We found that the GLONASS satellite UPDs are stable in time and space and can be estimated with high accuracy and reliability. After applying UPD correction, 91 % of wide-lane ambiguities and 99 % of narrow-lane ambiguities are within (?0.15, +0.15) cycles of the nearest integer. After ambiguity resolution, the 2-hour static PPP accuracy improves from (0.66, 1.42, 1.55) cm to (0.38, 0.39, 1.39) cm for the north, east, and up components, respectively.     

Three carrier ambiguity resolution: distance-independent performance demonstrated using semi-generated triple frequency GPS signals

In spite of significant research in the development of efficient algorithms for three carrier ambiguity resolution, full performance potential of the additional frequency signals cannot be demonstrated effectively without actual triple frequency data. In addition, all the proposed algorithms showed their difficulties in reliable resolution of the medium-lane and narrow-lane ambiguities in different long-range scenarios. In this contribution, we will investigate the effects of various distance-dependent biases, identifying the tropospheric delay to be the key limitation for long-range three carrier ambiguity resolution. In order to achieve reliable ambiguity resolution in regional networks with the inter-station distances of hundreds of kilometers, a new geometry-free and ionosphere-free model is proposed to fix the integer ambiguities of the medium-lane or narrow-lane observables over just several minutes without distance constraint. Finally, the semi-simulation method is introduced to generate the third frequency signals from dual-frequency GPS data and experimentally demonstrate the research findings of this paper.     

Modeling and quality control for reliable precise point positioning integer ambiguity resolution with GNSS modernization

Recent research has demonstrated that the undifferenced integer ambiguities can be recovered using products from a network solution. The standard dual-frequency PPP integer ambiguity resolution consists of two aspects: Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena wide-lane (WL) and ionosphere-free narrow-lane (NL) integer ambiguity resolution. A major issue affecting the performance of dual-frequency PPP applications is the time it takes to fix these two types of integer ambiguities, especially if the WL integer ambiguity resolution suffers from the noisy pseudorange measurements and strong multipath effects. With modernized Global Navigation Satellite Systems, triple-frequency measurements will be available to global users and an extra WL (EWL) model with very long wavelength can be formulated. Then, the easily resolved EWL integer ambiguities can be used to construct linear combinations to accelerate the PPP WL integer ambiguity resolution. Therefore, we propose a new reliable procedure for the modeling and quality control of triple-frequency PPP WL and NL integer ambiguity resolution. First, we analyze a WL integer ambiguity resolution model based on triple-frequency measurements. Then, an optimal pseudorange linear combination which is ionosphere-free and has minimum measurement noise is developed and used as constraint in the WL and the NL integer ambiguity resolution. Based on simulations, we have investigated the inefficiency of dual-frequency WL integer ambiguity resolution and the performance of EWL integer ambiguity resolution. Using almanacs of GPS, Galileo and BeiDou, the performances of the proposed triple-frequency WL and NL models have been evaluated in terms of success rate. Comparing with dual-frequency PPP, numerical results indicate that the proposed triple-frequency models can outperform the dual-frequency PPP WL and NL integer ambiguity resolution. With 1 s sampling rate, generally, only several minutes of data are required for reliable triple-frequency PPP WL and NL integer ambiguity resolution. Under benign observation situations and good geometries, the integer ambiguity can be reliably resolved even within 10 s.     

网络RTK参考站间模糊度动态解算的卡尔曼滤波算法研究

提出一种适用于参考站网络的站间模糊度解算方法,该方法使用CA码与相位的电离层无关组合解算宽巷模糊度,利用多路径效应的周期性削弱CA码多路径效应。在宽巷模糊度得到固定后,利用卡尔曼滤波对L1模糊度进行估计,并使用模糊度失相关搜索算法,动态地确定模糊度。这种方法已经应用在自主开发的网络RTK软件上,并以四川GPS综合服务网络SIGN(Sichuan Integrated GPS Network)作为试验网络,进行了试验和分析。     

北斗三频电离层延迟及码硬件延迟解算方法

准确固定非差模糊度是利用相位观测量获取高精度电离层延迟的关键。三频观测条件下常规的处理策略需依次固定超宽巷、宽巷以及窄巷模糊度,通常利用MW（melbourne-wubbena）组合解算宽巷模糊度时易受到码硬件延迟和观测噪声的影响而固定错误。利用北斗三频数据和GIM（grid ionosphenimap）产品,通过固定的超宽巷模糊度以及构造相位无几何组合解算宽巷模糊度,进而重构得到高精度电离层延迟,并且分离了码硬件延迟总量。结果表明,GIM模型辅助条件下宽巷模糊度固定成功率能达到100%,且消除了系统性偏差;电离层重构值与GIM模型改正值存在约1 m的差异,等效精度约6TECU;分离的码硬件延迟变化平稳,标准偏差不超过0.3 m。     

长基线GLONASS模糊度固定方法及实验分析

格洛纳斯（Global Navigation Satellite System,GLONASS）采用了频分多址技术,接收机在接收不同卫星信号时会产生频间偏差,阻碍了GLONASS长基线模糊度固定,限制了其定位定轨的精度。提出了一种新的GLONASS模糊度固定方法。该方法基于全球电离层格网产品,根据频间偏差率的变化范围,采用搜索的方法和线性模型去除相位频间偏差对宽窄巷模糊度的影响,实现了GLONASS无电离层组合模糊度固定。利用平均基线长度为763 km的全球卫星导航系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）服务站实验网数据对该方法进行分析,结果表明:连续30 d内,模糊度固定成功率最高为95.4%,最低为88.8%,平均为93.45%;模糊度固定后,北（north,N）、东（east,E）、高（up,U）各分量重复性和均方根误差（root mean square er-ror,RMSE）值均得到不同程度的改善,E分量重复性和RMSE值分别改善了20%和14%,改善效果最为明显。     

Rapid re-convergences to ambiguity-fixed solutions in precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution at a single receiver can be achieved if the fractional-cycle biases are separated from the ambiguity estimates in precise point positioning (PPP). Despite the improved positioning accuracy by such integer resolution, the convergence to an ambiguity-fixed solution normally requires a few tens of minutes. Even worse, these convergences can repeatedly occur on the occasion of loss of tracking locks for many satellites if an open sky-view is not constantly available, consequently totally destroying the practicability of real-time PPP. In this study, in case of such re-convergences, we develop a method in which ionospheric delays are precisely predicted to significantly accelerate the integer ambiguity resolution. The effectiveness of this method consists in two aspects: first, wide-lane ambiguities can be rapidly resolved using the ionosphere-corrected wide-lane measurements, instead of the noisy Melbourne–Wübbena combination measurements; second, narrow-lane ambiguity resolution can be accelerated under the tight constraints derived from the ionosphere-corrected unambiguous wide-lane measurements. In the test at 90 static stations suffering from simulated total loss of tracking locks, 93.3 and 95.0% of re-convergences to wide-lane and narrow-lane ambiguity resolutions can be achieved within five epochs of 1-Hz measurements, respectively, even though the time latency for the predicted ionospheric delays is up to 180 s. In the test at a mobile van moving in a GPS-adverse environment where satellite number significantly decreases and cycle slips frequently occur, only when the predicted ionospheric delays are applied can the rate of ambiguity-fixed epochs be dramatically improved from 7.7 to 93.6% of all epochs. Therefore, this method can potentially relieve the unrealistic requirement of a continuous open sky-view by most PPP applications and improve the practicability of real-time PPP.