Palaeomagnetism and the age of the Cracow volcanic rocks (S Poland)

Permian rhyodacites, melaphyres and tuffs from the Cracow area (South Poland) were sampled for the palaeomagnetic and isotope studies. Single-grain U-Pb dating of most zircon grains separated from the rhyodacites gave mean age of magma emplacement of 294.2 ± 2.1 Ma. Some zircons, however, displayed younger ages (268.7 ± 3.4 Ma), probably related to the metasomatic alterations of these rocks. Two Permian components of magnetizations related to these processes were isolated and together with previously defined Late Carboniferous–Permian palaeomagnetic poles from South Poland were used for construction of the regional apparent polar wander path (APWP). The Early Permian segment of this APWP shows a certain departure from the coeval part of the Fennoscandian APWP due to anticlockwise rotations of studied rocks most probably caused by mid-Permian sinistral tectonic movements along reactivated prominent Variscan faults of Central Europe. This sense of tectonic mobility does not support the hypothesis about transformation from Pangea 'B' to Pangea 'A' along an intra-Pangea dextral megashear during the Permian. Older than previously assumed ages of the post-Variscan igneous rocks of Central Europe reduce overlap of Gondwana's and Laurussia's parts of the Early Permian Pangea 'A'.     

MIS 3以来雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积及环境意义

雅江流域风成沉积广泛发育,其气候指示意义及年代的界定尚不够清晰。从雅江全流域视角出发,全面分析了不同区域风成沉积的发育机制及模式,同时对风成沉积年代数据归一化处理,并与全球气候对比研究。结果表明：① 流域内风成沉积有盛行风场发育模式和局地风场发育模式,不同模式对环境的指示意义不同。② 雅江流域风成沉积多堆积于末次盛冰期（LGM）以后,且主要发育于晚冰期（15 ka BP）以来的不同时段,冰川退缩地表裸露,丰富的冲洪积碎屑物源可能是风成沉积发育的主控因素;更早时段的风成沉积因LGM后气候转暖、冰川消融所致的侵蚀搬运作用而未能保存。③ LGM以来风成沉积过程受区域及全球古气候环境共同控制,波动变化剧烈;其对30°N夏季太阳辐射、印度季风及西风变化信号的指示有所差异,但对YD等全球气候冷事件有较好记录,其沉积过程与高原面上其他区域既存在对全球古气候响应的同步性,又有其区域独特性。④ 流域内风成沉积的强烈堆积过程与全球气候变化并非简单对应关系,呈现出较复杂的响应模式。说明高山河谷环境的风成沉积除受大区域气候影响,还受许多局地环境因素控制,古气候环境的指示意义复杂。     

Rock glacier dynamics in a marginal periglacial high mountain environment: Flow, movement (1991–2000) and structure of the Argualas rock glacier, the Pyrenees

The Argualas rock glacier is located on the southern side of the Central Pyrenees (Argualas massif). Vertical electric sounding, debris surface analysis and a topographic survey were performed on this rock glacier between 1991 and 2000. High precision measurement records were obtained using a total station. Horizontal and vertical movements of the rock glacier were measured by means of sixteen steel rods. Horizontal and vertical angles and distances to each rod were measured from three stations on a bedrock ridge. Total and annual average displacements were derived from the emergence value and the horizontal displacement of each rod. Then the horizontal and vertical displacement rates in different sectors of the rock glacier were compared. The inferred surface deformation was characterized by both extensional and compressive flows as well as thinning of the frozen body. The displacement rates showed temporal variations related to atmospheric thermal changes, pointing to a high sensibility of the rock glacier.     

秦岭南北地区光合有效辐射时空变化及突变特征

基于秦岭南北地区47个气象站1960-2011年的逐日气象数据,通过Angstrom方程和Penman-Monteith公式计算了各站点的光合有效辐射(PAR),并借助Spline空间插值、Pettitt突变点检验和相关分析等手段对PAR的空间分布、时空演变、突变特征及其可能成因进行了分析。结果表明:① 秦岭南北地区PAR的时间和空间分布特征明显,在空间上呈北高南低的分布格局;在季节分布上,夏季、春季、秋季、冬季依次减小。② 52年间,该地区年PAR整体呈显著下降趋势,下降速率由南向北,由东向西递减;时间变化方面,春季PAR呈现不显著的上升趋势,其余季节均呈下降趋势,夏季减小最快,其次为冬季,秋季最小。③ 该地区89%的站点年PAR存在突变,突变站点中的85%发生于1979-1983年间;夏季89%的站点发生突变,突变站点中的90%发生于1979-1983年间;冬季68%的站点发生突变,但突变时间同步性和一致性较差;春季和秋季突变现象不甚明显。④ 气候变化(风速下降)、城市化进程加快以及工业生产导致的气溶胶增多是导致PAR显著下降的主要原因,而火山爆发引发的气溶胶增加则是PAR波动的主要原因。     

南亚热带丘陵赤红壤理化性质变化及其原因

本文研究了南亚热带丘陵赤红壤物理、化学性质变 (退 )化的特征及其原因。结果表明 ,丘陵赤红壤在物理性质退化方面 ,主要表现在土壤团聚体稳定性下降、土壤孔隙性和土壤水分性能变劣 ;在化学性质退化方面 ,主要表现在养分贫瘠化、保肥供肥能力降低。植被破坏会引起土壤养分减少、保肥供肥能力降低 ,有机质的减少是丘陵赤红壤物理性质退化的主要原因。有必要保护植被、提高土壤有机质含量 ,以防止丘陵赤红壤理化性质退化     

中国工业中小企业省区分布及其影响因素

20 世纪90 年代乡镇企业改革以来,中国中小企业空间格局发生了显著变化。现有地理学文献主要关注中小企业空间集聚、集群研究以及八九十年代的中小企业空间分布问题,对于近20 年来宏观层面中小企业空间分布的研究比较薄弱,实证研究尤为缺乏。基于文献回顾,运用GIS 空间分析、测算变差系数CV等方法,分析1997-2010 年中国工业中小企业省区分布的时空格局变化;在此基础上,选取20 个影响因素并建立计量模型,运用SPSS及Eviews软件,系统测算导致中国工业中小企业省区分布变化的影响因素,并根据研究结果提出相关政策建议。研究表明：① 1997-2010 年间,中国工业中小企业的省区分布更加集中、空间差异不断扩大;② 中国工业中小企业省区分布格局是多因素综合作用的结果,其中地区经济实力、金融环境、市场环境及技术创新是首要因素,信息化、劳动力、铁路密度及农业资源是次要因素。     

Cosmogenic Be dating of a sackung and its faulted rock glaciers, in the Alps of Savoy (France)

Sackungs are the largest gravitational deformation observed in mountains. They are characterized by the long-term slowness of the movements, but their mechanism is still not well understood. Nowadays cosmic ray exposure (CRE) dating methods allow dating the morphologic structures involved in sackung and can contribute at the understanding of their origin. In the Alps, the 5.3 km long Arcs sackung initiated during the activity of rock glaciers. Three samples from these faulted rock glaciers provide their first CRE ages and show that at 2000 m elevation these block accumulations moved during the Younger Dryas and stopped in early Holocene. Six ¹⁰Be ages of fault scarps show that the Arcs sackung lasted only a few thousand years and stopped at about 8462 ± 432 ¹⁰Be yr. They also reveal that deformation migrated upslope in agreement with a mechanism of flexural toppling of vertical layers. This unique and long gravitational event, characterized by migration of the deformation, does not support earthquake shaking as triggering mechanism for individual faults. It shows that, in the upper Isère valley, slope deformation was delayed of several thousand years after glacial debuttressing, and is not anymore active despite its fresh morphology.     

Progress and prospects of applied research on physical geography and the living environment in China over the past 70 years (1949–2019)

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences.Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development,and China's natural environment is complex and diverse.According to national needs and regional development,physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research,which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development,the protection of macro ecosystems and resources,and sustainable regional development.This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields:regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization;land use and land cover changes;natural hazards and risk reduction;process and prevention of desertification;upgrading of medium-and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region;engineering construction in permafrost areas; geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases;positioning and observation of hysical geographical elements;and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.     

气候变化和人类活动对南方红壤丘陵区森林生态系统影响模拟研究——以江西泰和县为例

在全球气候变化和人类活动的影响下,森林生态系统结构、功能以及空间格局都将发生不同程度的变化。明晰景观尺度上未来森林的动态变化,对森林可持续发展具有重要意义。选择江西省泰和县为研究区,综合利用土地利用模型（CA-Markov）和森林景观动态模型（LANDIS-II）,并结合生态系统过程模型（PnET-II）,模拟气候变化、土地利用、采伐以及综合情景下未来40年（2010-2050年）阔叶林、针叶林的面积及生物量变化。结果表明：① 气候变化对森林面积影响较小,采伐使森林面积显著减少,土地利用变化使森林面积的变化更加剧烈;② 针叶林和阔叶林对不同干扰方式的响应表现出较强差异,针叶林对采伐的响应更加剧烈;③ 多模型综合模拟方法有助于区域森林管理,为南方红壤丘陵区森林结构优化和功能提升提供科学建议。     

Adsorption-desorption of phosphate and its availability in the sediment of a saline lake (Fuente de Piedra,southern Spain)

Seasonal changes of soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations in sediments of Fuente de Piedra, a saline lake, have been observed and linked to salinity changes. Phosphate availability in sediments was studied in the laboratory under different salinities, from 10 to 70 g L⁻¹. Changes in adsorption of dissolved phosphate appear to be controlled by salinity variations. The adsorption coefficient increases with salinity and the amount of phosphorus adsorbed ranged between 10 and 30 per cent of the total. Salinity-modulated adsorption is proposed as the primary mechanism explaining the seasonal dynamics of phosphorus in this saline lake and its effects on progressive eutrophication.     

六盘山地区寺口子剖面早白垩世晚期的孢粉组合及其环境意义

 研究白垩纪植物演替与气候变化对认识现今生态环境形成过程与演变具有重要意义。基于在我国六盘山地区下白垩统六盘山群中发现的45 属孢粉化石,探讨了孢粉组合、古生态与古气候变化特征。孢粉组合以裸子植物为主,蕨类植物次之,前者以松柏纲松杉目占优势,以掌鳞杉(Cheirolepidiaceae)科最为繁盛,尼藤目麻黄科(Ephedraceae)和苏铁目或银杏目占有很大比例;后者以真蕨目包括海金沙科(Lygodiaceae)、莎草蕨科(Schizaeaceae)为主。表明当时植物具有比较明显的多样性,既有生长于远处高山的松杉类高大植物,又有近湖低山及湖岸一带的掌鳞杉科及蕨类植物,湖泊水体中生长着淡水藻类。孢粉植物群的这种特征揭示出该地区在早白垩世晚期气候炎热干燥,并且可以划分为116~112 Ma的气温相对较低和112~103 Ma的气温波动升高两个阶段,这种变化与全球古气候的变化趋势一致,说明寺口子剖面孢粉记录的气候变化与对全球气候变化是响应的。     

2016年夏秋季南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡威氏棘冰鱼脂肪酸组成及其食性指示研究

作为20世纪70年代末期底拖网渔业的主要捕捞对象以及近年来南极磷虾渔业的兼捕对象之一,威氏棘冰鱼(Chaenodraco wilsoni)在海洋捕食者与饵料生物之间的能量流动中起着重要的传递作用,而目前针对该鱼种的营养特性及其食性的研究却十分有限。为此,本研究分析了布兰斯菲尔德海峡威氏棘冰鱼肌肉组织中脂肪酸的含量及其组成,并进一步探讨特征脂肪酸对食性的指示。结果表明,体长范围为4.8—30.7 cm、质量范围为0.3—250.5 g的威氏棘冰鱼肌肉样本中共检测出29种脂肪酸,其中含量较高的脂肪酸包括C16:0,C18:0,C18:1n9c,C20:5n3(EPA)以及C22:6n3(DHA),各类脂肪酸类型含量由高至低依次为多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),饱和脂肪酸(SFA)以及单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)。威氏棘冰鱼多种特征脂肪酸含量与体长之间不具显著的相关关系,表明其摄食并不随着个体的生长而发生较大的变化。秋冬季威氏棘冰鱼呈现杂食性特性,主要摄食以硅藻为食的生物,如南极磷虾(Euphausia superba); 同时对底栖生物和海底碎屑也有一定的摄食,并会摄食一定量的桡足类生物。)     

企业信息技术应用与产业链空间变化——以中国服装纺织企业为例

信息通信技术(ICTs)在经济活动空间重组过程中的作用逐渐被认同,然而不同的空间层级不同的部门其重组过程与特征表现各异,形成的观点和争论多样。企业作为最基本的经济单元在信息化浪潮中发生的变化成为一个重要研究议题。本文以服装纺织企业为研究案例,通过企业访谈获取资料,旨在探讨传统制造业在信息技术下的演变特征,尤其是在信息技术下基于时间成本的生产链空间组织的变化特征。本文主要对服装纺织企业具体的信息技术应用进行了剖析,分析了信息技术下不同发展程度企业生产链空间组织特征及其变化。结果发现服装纺织企业在信息技术下,其设计、生产、配送的周期快速缩减,证明了时间因素在信息技术导致生产链空间组织变革中的重要意义;同时发现信息技术对传统加工制造型纺织服装企业的影响主要表现为生产链某个环节管理功能的加强;而对于产业升级后的企业来说,信息技术对整个生产链空间组织的影响明显。