闽东南基性岩脉成因及动力学背景研究：Sr-Nd同位素、元素地球化学

闽东南的海边斜闪煌斑岩脉和赤湖辉长岩脉分别形成于晚白垩世和古新世,为高钾钙碱性和钙碱性系列岩石,具有高Al、Na_2O>K_2O的特征;岩浆演化过程中可能经历了以橄榄石、单斜辉石为主的结晶分异作用。海边和赤湖基性岩脉具有相对富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高强场元素特征,不相容元素蛛网图显示出大陆边缘弧的地球化学特征,以Nb、Ta、Ti负异常为特征;海边和赤湖明显富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)_N分别为5.0～10.9和11.2～12.0。具有高Sr同位素初始值和低ε_(Nd)(t)值,海边的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i:0.70577～0.707574,ε_(Nd)(t):-8.1～-1.8,赤湖的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i:0.70547～0.70552,ε_(Nd)(t):-0.2～0.6。根据Sr、Nd同位素、微量元素研究及野外地质观察,本区基性岩脉的岩浆在上升侵位过程中未发生地壳物质混染。通过Sr、Nd同位素和微量元素等研究,认为地幔源区的演化与古太平洋板块俯冲密切相关,俯冲流体交代地幔楔、消减洋壳携带的海洋与陆源沉积物参与地幔源区的混合,形成本区基性岩脉的富集地幔源区,大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素特别富集是俯冲流体与沉积物共同参与源区演化的结果。海边和赤湖基性岩脉形成的构造背景属于活动大陆边缘弧,构造性质应为活动陆缘拉张带(或裂谷带)。晚白垩世和古新世,闽东南发生了地壳拉张事件,与中国东南部晚白垩世以来的地壳拉张期次是一致。     

承德三岔口基性岩墙地球化学特征及地质意义

对承德三岔口基性岩墙进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。定年结果表明岩墙属晚印支期(222.1±1.6)Ma岩浆活动的产物;地球化学特征显示岩墙具有拉斑玄武岩特征,轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)相对富集岩墙,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等。同位素组成特征显示,岩墙具有正的初始Sr比值和负的εNd(t)值。以上特征都暗示三岔口基性岩墙可能来源于富集的岩石圈地幔。根据年代学、地球化学和前期研究成果认为,与三岔口基性岩墙同期位于华北北缘的东西向侵入岩带,可能是华北克拉通减薄的最初表现。     

阿拉善地块北缘雅布赖地区基性岩墙地球化学、年代学和Sr-Nd同位素特征

雅布赖地区位于阿拉善地块北缘,雅布赖-诺日公-红谷尔玉林构造带西端,该地区晚古生代岩浆岩内广泛出露基性岩墙。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,雅布赖地区基性岩墙成岩年龄为268±1.6 Ma,时代归属为中二叠世早期,岩石地球化学分析表明,该地区基性岩墙∑REE=143.01×10~(-6)～278.8×10~(-6),LREE/HREE=7.43～10.16,(La/Yb)_N=7.27～12.31,轻、重稀土分馏明显,具不明显的负铕异常(δEu=0.84～1.05),在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上,配分曲线右倾,重稀土较平坦;在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图中,表现出相对富集LREE、Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。基性岩墙初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值变化于0.707403～0.707986之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-2.9～-4.7之间。分析认为,雅布赖地区基性岩墙岩浆来源为板片俯冲作用改造的富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于碰撞后伸展的构造背景。     

滇西新生代超钾质煌斑岩的元素和Sr-Nd同位素特征及其对岩石圈地幔组成的制约

系统分析了滇西早第三纪晚期煌斑岩的主元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成。绝大多数煌斑岩属超钾质系列岩石（K2O/Na2O=2.1-5.2)，少数为钾玄质系列（K2O/Na2O=1.6-1.7)。这些超钾质煌斑岩富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素和Pb，亏损高场强元素，具有高的初始^87Sr/^86Sr比值（O.70624-0.70924)和负的εNd(t)值（-1.7～-4.6），类似于与俯冲环境有关的高K/Ti-低Ti钾质系列岩石。这些超钾质煌斑岩母岩浆来源于含金云母的交代地幔，经历了不同程度的结晶分异和地壳物质的同化混染。与藏北钾玄质系列岩石相比，滇西超钾质煌斑岩的Th/U比较低、Rb/Sr比较高，而且Nd模式年龄系统偏低0.1-0.4Ga，表明青藏高原北部和东南部岩石圈地幔组成存在区域性的差异。     

西藏桑日县帕南岩体岩石学、地球化学、地质年代学研究及构造背景探讨

帕南岩体位于西藏桑日县马门地区,主要由二长花岗岩、二长岩组成。本文通过锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素等研究,探讨其构造背景和岩石成因。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,帕南岩体的成岩年龄为80.91±0.48Ma,形成时代为晚白垩世。帕南岩体地球化学特征表现为富钠、高钾、高铝、低钛,属准铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩岩石系列。稀土分馏较明显且富集轻稀土((La/Yb)_N=8.88～11.86),具负Eu异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。Sr-Nd同位素显示,样品具较高的Pb、Sr、Sm、Nd含量,偏低的I_(Sr)值(0.70442～0.70486),正εNd(t)值(+1.99～+2.73)。综合帕南岩体的地质、地球化学和年代学特征,认为帕南岩体形成于晚白垩世新特提斯洋向北俯冲背景下的岛弧环境,可能是新特提斯洋俯冲角度变缓进入了平板俯冲阶段之后,由陆壳发生部分熔融产生的正常岛弧岩浆形成,同时也预示着109～80Ma的大规模岩浆活动在该区的落幕。     

苏鲁造山带晚中生代地幔的富集特征——来自辉长岩的地球化学证据

位于苏鲁造山带的乳山浅色辉长岩形成于晚中生代（约120Ma），SiO2含量为53～55％，MgO含量较低，为3．6～4．9％，富集轻稀土元素（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE），亏损高场强元素，如Nb、Ta、Ti等，具有明显的“地壳”印记。Sr同位素中等富集（0．7072～0．7075），Nd同位素比值较低（￡。（t）=-9．5～-11．6），Sr—Nd同位素组成变化不大，反映岩浆无明显的地壳混染，代表了晚中生代地幔源区的同位素组成。辉长岩Sr—Nd同位素组成介于EMI与EMII端元之间，反映这种富集地幔是由早期预富集的地幔在中生代早期受到深俯冲的扬子陆壳的改造而形成的。苏鲁地区晚中生代基性侵入岩、火山岩和脉岩同位素组成的差别，反映了地幔同位素组成具有明显的横向和纵向不均一性．这种差异也是地幔交代作用强度的反映。     

内蒙古贺斯格乌拉牧场白音高老组火山岩U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

白音高老组火山岩在大兴安岭地区广泛分布,本文对大兴安岭中南部贺斯格乌拉牧场白音高老组酸性火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素分析,探讨其岩石成因及构造背景。位于大兴安岭中南段东乌旗地区的白音高老组火山岩,主要岩性为流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩等,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为129. 8±0. 8 Ma、128. 2±2. 8 Ma,属早白垩世早期;从岩石地球化学特征上看,其主量元素SiO_2含量68. 76%～76. 18%、Al_2O_3含量11. 84%～13. 38%,属高钾钙碱性岩石;稀土总量较高,(La/Yb)N 6,(La/Sm)_N 3,显示为轻稀土富集型,δEu显示负铕异常(0. 4～0. 6),微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba,贫高场强元素Nb、P、Ti为特征; Sr-Nd同位素组成上具有低I_(Sr)、高ε_(Nd)(t)和低t_(DM)的特征(I_(Sr)=0. 7039～0. 7045,ε_(Nd)(t)=2. 65～4. 39)。火山岩浆来源于下地壳基性物质的部分熔融,综合研究并结合前人资料认为,白音高老组流纹岩形成于滨太平洋板块俯冲后伸展及蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合后的综合效应下。     

华北克拉通东部鲁西早白垩纪基性岩墙成因:来自锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的证据（英文）

中生代基性辉绿岩墙广泛分布于华北克拉通东部山东地区。本研究给出代表性岩墙的U-Pb锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据,4个代表性锆石的LA-ICP-MS年龄范围处于121.9±0.6Ma和124.3±0.5Ma之间(早白垩纪)。岩石的主量元素组成变化较小,岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、U、K和Pb),以及亏损高场强元素(如,Nb、Ta和Ti)。另外,基性岩墙具有相对一致的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(~0.7098),负的εNd(t)值(-14.7~-14.5)、εHf(t)值(-31.4~-26.7)和高的Hf模式年龄(tDM1=1817~2024Ma)。研究显示基性岩墙来自富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用,并在上升侵位过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染作用影响。总体研究表明,基性岩墙的成因机制与扬子克拉通与华北克拉通的碰撞有关,岩浆源区为晚中生代前受俯冲扬子地壳沉积物交代后的富集岩石圈地幔。     

粤西阳春中生代钾玄质侵入岩及其构造意义：Ⅱ．微量元素和Sr—Nd同位素地球

粤西阳春地区马山二长闪长岩强烈富集K、Sr和LREE，（^87Sr/^86Sr)i ＝0．7046，εNd(t)≈ 1；岗尾－轮水岩体较富集K、Rb、Th和LREE，（^87Sr/^86Sr)i＝ 0．7063，εNd(t)≈－2；石录岩体较富集Sr,K、Rb、Th和LREE相对较低，（^87Sr/^86Sr)i＝0．7084－0．7089，εNd(t)≈－6。马山岩体来源于大离子亲石元素（LILE）和LREE富集的交代地幔；岗尾－轮水岩体来自于放射成因Sr、Nd同位素组成略高或交代时间略早的富集交代地幔，并且经历了明显的结晶分异作用；石录岩体则很可能是前存下地壳底垫基性岩重熔形成的。从早侏罗世到早白垩世，南岭西部的岩浆成分和源区的规律性变化反映了区域软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈伸展－拉张－减薄的演化过程。     

胶北晚中生代煌斑岩的岩石地球化学特征及其成因研究

胶北煌斑岩分别采自龙口、烟台和威海地区，包括拉辉煌斑岩、斜闪正煌岩和角闪煌斑岩，煌斑岩K—Ar全岩年龄变化于89．3～169．5Ma，为晚中生代岩浆活动的产物。在岩石化学组成上，SiO2=42．02％～54．95％，以钙碱性系列为主．岩石以富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）（Ba，U，K，Th）和LREE，亏损高场强元素（HFSE）（Nb，Ta和Ti）为特征，Mg^#=33．9～53．9，Eu／Eu^＊=0．71～0．89，^87Sr／^86Sr初始比值0．707642～0．709791，εNd（t）为-17．6～-10．4，^206Pb／^204Pb=37．588～38．431，^207Pb／^204Pb=15．423～15．531，^206Pb／^204Pb=17．204～18．179。表明煌斑岩源自俯冲陆壳（扬子下地壳）在地幔源区发生交代作用时形成的富集型地幔的部分熔融体．考虑到煌斑岩具有大陆边缘弧玄武岩的特征，我们认为煌斑岩在成因上同样与古大洋板块的俯冲作用有关，为碰撞后弧岩浆作用形成的脉岩。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861