Space weathering and the interpretation of asteroid reflectance spectra

Lunar-style space weathering is well understood, but cannot be extended to asteroids in general. The two best studied Asteroids (433 Eros and 243 Ida) exhibit quite different space weathering styles, and neither exhibits lunar-style space weathering. It must be concluded that at this time the diversity and mechanisms of asteroid space weathering are poorly understood. This introduces a significant unconstrained variable into the problem of analyzing asteroid spectral data. The sensitivity of asteroid surface material characterizations to space weathering effects - whatever their nature - is strongly dependent upon the choice of remote sensing methodology. The effects of space weathering on some methodologies such as curve matching are potentially devastating and at the present time essentially unmitigated. On other methodologies such as parametric analysis (e.g., analyses based on band centers and band area ratios) the effects are minimal. By choosing the appropriate methodology(ies) applied to high quality spectral data, robust characterizations of asteroid surface mineralogy can be obtained almost irrespective of space weathering. This permits sophisticated assessments of the geologic history of the asteroid parent bodies and of their relationships to the meteorites. Investigations of the diversity of space weathering processes on asteroid surfaces should be a fruitful area for future efforts.     

Adaptive Methods of the Flybys Constructing in the Jovian System with the Orbiter Insertion Around the Galilean Moon

Solar System Research - We consider space expeditions with a long-term spacecraft stay near the studied celestial body (artificial satellites of small bodies of the Solar System), or expeditions...     

Spectroscopic Redshift Measurements for Galaxy Clusters from the Lockman Hole Survey with the eROSITA Telescope Onboard the SRG Observatory

Astronomy Letters - We present the first results of our program of optical observations for galaxy clusters from the Lockman Hole X-ray survey with the eROSITA telescope onboard the SRG space...     

Studies of Mars and Its Satellites by Advanced Interplanetary Stations Designed by the Lavochkin Association (On the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Launch of the Phobos-2 Spacecraft)

Solar System Research - This article describes the results of the Phobos 2 interplanetary mission, launched in 1988, and presents some prospective scenarios for studying near-Mars space, including...     

On the Dynamics of Atmospheric Gas Filling the Interior of a Prospective Descent Module During Descent in the Atmosphere of Mars

Solar System Research - The article presents the calculation technique and the results of a study of the penetration of hot gas from the shock layer into the internal space of the prospective...     

On the Power Law for Describing the Mass Distribution of Fragments of a Disrupted Cosmic Body

Solar System Research - An important characteristic of the disruption of cosmic bodies (asteroids at their collision in outer space, meteoroids and asteroids entering the Earth’s atmosphere)...     

On the Comprehensive Program of Vibration Protection of Precision Interplanetary Stations with Increased Requirements for Maintaining the Accuracy of Orientation

Solar System Research - This paper is concerned with the issue of developing comprehensive programs of vibration protection of space structures for subsequent introduction into production in the...     

Accuracy of Analysis of the Elemental and Isotopic Composition of Regolith by Laser Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in the Future Luna-Glob and Luna-Resurs-1 Missions

Solar System Research - Laser ionization mass spectrometry is one of the most promising methods for analysis of the elemental and isotopic composition of solids in space experiments: the required...     

Conceptual Design of the Chinese-Russian On-Orbit-Assembling Space Telescope (OAST)

Solar System Research - Astronomical space telescopes with large apertures of various spectral ranges have become one of the main tools of exploring the Universe. Conventional technologies do not...     

Activity of Two Young Stars of Solar Type with Planetary Systems from the Ursa Major Moving Group of Stars and the Stream Psc-Eri

Astrophysics - High precision data from the archive of the TESS space mission are used as the basis of a study of the photometric variability of two young analogs of the Sun with planetary systems:...     

Astrophysical Space Mission Astron-2 for an All-Sky Survey in the Ultraviolet Spectral Domain

Solar System Research - This paper presents the project of the space astrophysical observatory Astron-2 aimed to carry out the all-sky spectral and photometric survey in the ultraviolet spectral...     

Field Camera Unit of the Spektr-UF Mission: New Design and Scientific Tasks

Solar System Research - Spektr-UF is a multipurpose space observatory equipped with a telescope with a primary mirror 170 cm in diameter. The main task of the observatory is obtaining...     

METEOR-L Device on the Lunar Orbital Vehicle Luna-26: Space Dust Detector

Solar System Research - The ionization-type cosmic dust detector METEOR-L is being developed for the lunar orbiter Luna-26 and is designed to study the distribution of meteoric bodies in space by...     

Analysis of Optimal Flight Trajectories to the Trans-Neptunian Object (90377) Sedna

Astronomy Letters - We present the results of our analysis of the optimal flight to the trans-Neptunian object (90377) Sedna at the launch in 2029. Sedna is a distant space object with a perihelion...     

Orbital Maneuvering in the Vicinity of Collinear Libration Points Using Light Pressure Forces

Astronomy Letters - The controlled motion of a spacecraft with a solar sail in interplanetary space near the collinear libration points $$L_{1}$$ and $$L_{2}$$ of the Sun–Earth system is...     

Spectroscopic Redshift Determination for a Sample of Distant Quasars Detected by the SRG Observatory Based on RTT-150 Observations. I

Astronomy Letters - Results of the first spectroscopic observations at the 1.5-m Russian–Turkish telescope for the X-ray sources discovered by the eROSITA telescope onboard the SRG space...     

Performance evaluation of underwater platforms in the context of space exploration

Robotic platforms are essential for future human planetary and lunar exploration as they can operate in more extreme environments with a greater endurance than human explorers. In this era of space exploration, a terrestrial analog that can be used for development of the coordination between manned and robotic vehicles will optimize the scientific return of future missions while concurrently minimizing the downtime of both human explorers and robotic platforms. This work presents the use of underwater exploratory robots - autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), remotely operated vehicles (ROV), and manned submersibles - as analogues for mixed human-robot exploration of space. Subaqueous settings present diverse challenges for navigation, operation and recovery that require the development of an exploration model of a similar complexity as required for space exploration. To capitalize on the strengths of both robotic and human explorers this work presents lessons learnt with respect to the fields of human-robotic interface (HRI) and operator training. These are then used in the development of mission evaluation tools: (1) a task efficiency index (TEI), (2) performance metrics, and (3) exploration metrics. Although these independent evaluations were useful for specific missions, further refinement will be required to fully evaluate the strengths and capabilities of multiple platforms in a human-robotic exploration campaign in order to take advantage of unforeseen science opportunities in remote settings.     

Spottedness Activity of the Young Star TOI 1227 with a Planetary System from Lower Centaurus Crux OB Association (Musca)

Astrophysics - Based on high-precision data from the archive of the TESS space mission, a study of the photometric variability of the brightness of TOI 1227, a young member of the Musca group with...     

卫星与空间碎片碰撞预警的快速算法

提出了一种空间目标与空间碎片碰撞预警的快速计算方法，该算法不仅计算速度快，而且减缓了沿迹误差的影响，延长了预警的有效期，利用该方法，检测一个卫星与5800个空间碎片在一天内是否碰撞，计算时间小于3秒；用2天前的资料，预报计算法国CERISE卫星和空间碎片的碰撞时间误差约为0．02秒，空间位置误差约为500—600米．