工程地震钻孔柱状图的微机绘图系统

根据工程地震工作的需要,建立了适用于工程地震的岩土柱状图形库,编制了一套工程地震钻孔柱状图的微机绘图系统.该系统可直接生成集各岩土层参数、标贯值、岩土柱状图及剪切波速直方图等内容于一体的工程地震钻孔柱状图.所形成的图件规范、美观,内容完整、精确,大大提高了工作效率.     

Vibration characterization of fully-closed high speed railway subgrade through frequency: Sweeping test

This paper presents the vibration characteristics of a new type fully-closed railway subgrade (FCRS) through field frequency – sweeping test. The FCRS, which uses semi-grid modified cement-based compound material as waterproof layer, is designed to solve serious subgrade damage problems induced by expansive soil. Dynamic stress sensors and accelerometers were installed at various locations in FCRS to monitor dynamic response. The results show that the attenuation regularities of dynamic stress and acceleration along subgrade depth were significantly affected by excitation frequency and semi-grid waterproof layer. The pronounced frequency of FCRS investigated in this paper was gently influenced by its layer system, and gradually changed from 20 Hz to 22 Hz as depth increased.     

Simulation of infiltration from porous clay pipe in subsurface irrigation

Abstract

Advances in the traditional method of subsurface porous clay pipe irrigation rely on knowledge of the distribution of water in the soil. Knowing the relationships among the hydraulic and physical parameters in the system is important for both the design and management of the system. To simulate the infiltration from the porous clay pipe and predict the wetted zone geometry in the soil, a computer model is developed herein. Laboratory experiments were conducted on soil samples representing two different soil textures in a specially designed bin to understand the flow phenomenon and to validate the developed model. In a given soil texture, the installation depth of the pipe and the volume of water applied in the soil are the major factors affecting the wetted zone. The relationships among various parameters, namely lateral spacing, installation depth, irrigation run time, hydraulic conductivity of the body of the pipe, and hydraulic head in the system, were established using the developed model.     

便携式常压空气脉冲电离室 α辐射仪的研制

本文介绍了一种新的、多用途便携式α辐射仪,其探测器是常压空气脉冲电离室,仪器既可作常规射气测量,又可开展累积法测氡（α杯法,α卡法等）,还能在野外现场作活性炭α测量,并有效地解决了探测器上放射性污染的去污处理问题.探测器灵敏面积500 cm²,灵敏度高.数据采集及处理系统由PC-1500袖珍计算机构成,功能强.     

振动台试验模型地基土的设计与试验研究

本文在动力相似关系的分析基础之上,设计了一种以锯末为主要成分,用于地基-基础-上部结构动力相互作用振动台试验的模型土。用循环单剪仪对原型土和设计的模型土分别进行了试验,得出了2者的动剪切模量比Gd/Gdm ax和阻尼比λ随动剪应变γd变化的关系曲线,对两种土的动力特性进行了相似对比。试验结果表明,设计的模型土与原型土的动力特性具有较好的相似性。采用等效线性本构模型,给出了原型土和模型土的动力特性参数。对采用本文所设计的模型土进行振动台试验的动力相似问题进行了初步讨论。     

便携式常压空气脉冲电离室 α辐射仪的研制

本文介绍了一种新的、多用途便携式α辐射仪,其探测器是常压空气脉冲电离室,仪器既可作常规射气测量,又可开展累积法测氡(α杯法,α卡法等),还能在野外现场作活性炭α测量,并有效地解决了探测器上放射性污染的去污处理问题.探测器灵敏面积500 cm~2,灵敏度高.数据采集及处理系统由PC-1500袖珍计算机构成,功能强.     

Monitoring soil contaminations using a contactless conductivity probe1

In order to investigate the possibility of using low-frequency electromagnetic waves to detect and monitor oil contamination of soils, a series of laboratory measurements were performed. A new measurement system to monitor the resistivities of soil and sand samples while samples are being contaminated by diesel oil is presented. The frequency used in measurements is 100 kHz. Since the measurement system is composed of coil-type transmitters and receivers, there is no need for electrodes to be in contact with samples. The contamination process is simulated using diesel oil dripping on top of soil and sand samples. The conductivity distributions in samples along the sample length are recorded as a function of time. Water-wet sand and soil samples were measured during diesel oil contamination. The measured data show that the conductivities of soil and sand samples change during the contamination process. The change in resistivity for measured samples before and after diesel oil contamination is in the range of 20% to 50%, giving a reflection coefficient change in the low-frequency limit of 4.7% to 7%. This amount of change in the reflection coefficient makes it very challenging to detect and monitor oil contamination based on EM reflection from the contaminants. The results suggest that EM methods based on propagation and induction, such as tomography and borehole induction, could be used for this purpose.     

卫星传输大震速报系统中的数据采集模块简介

卫星传输大震速报系统的软件包由数据采集和检测定位两个模块组成，数据采集模块可以实现波形数据的实时接收、保存、波形回放、人机结合提取震相参数、系统时钟的校准、对系统运行进行监视以及报警功能；检测定位模块可以实现大震速报的事件检测和参数计算。本文介绍了数据采集模块内各种功能的实现方法和可以改进的地方，供以后在似工作的人员参考。     

用ANSYS模拟结构-地基动力相互作用振动台试验的建模方法

本文以结构－地基动力相互作用振动台模型试验为基础，结合通用有限元软件ANSYS，对结构－地基动力相互作用体系进行有限元计算建模的一些问题作了研究，主要包括柔性土容器的模拟、土体动力本构模型的选用、土体与结构交界面上的状态非线性模型、网格划分、重力的考虑、结构中钢筋的处理以及对称性的应用等。文中给出了利用上述建模方法对结构－地基动力相互作用体系进行计算的一些加速度时程结果，并与试验结果相对照，吻合较好。通过计算分析，验证了简化处理方法的合理性和计算模型的可行性。     

Fractal approximation of the stress-strain curve of frozen soil

A method to approach the stress-strain curve of frozen soil is presented based on the fact that the stressstrain curve of frozen soil has fractal property. First, a linear hyperbolic iterated function system (LHJB) in which the perpendicular contraction factors are regarded as parameters is established using fractal geometry theories. Secondly, a method to calculate the best point which makes the attractor of the LHIFS an optimal approximation of the stress-strain curve of frozen soil is presented. Then, a method for calculating the fractal dimension of the stress-strain curve of frozen soil is obtained. Finally, a simple example is provided. The method presented in this paper provides a new method for simulating the stress-strain curve and calculating its fractal dimension of geomaterials that have the fractal feature by using computer     

高压输电塔-桩-土相互作用分析模型及地震反应:侧向分析

本文提出了侧向地震作用下高压输电塔－导线耦联体系土体－桩－结构相互作用分析的力学模型、推导了运动方程,编制了计算程序,并对某一具体的输电塔进行计算,按考虑与不考虑相互作用的两种情况进行对比分析。     

基于SNMP协议的GNSS基准站网络云监控系统

将SNMP协议的简单、应用广、可屏蔽设备之间的物理差异等优势应用于GNSS基准站运维中,设计实现一个云监控系统,对不同物理空间内,不同类型、不同厂家、不同型号的设备进行统一监控管理,减轻运维人员维护繁多设备的负担,协助运维人员第一时间发现故障、定位故障点,有效提升运维能力。基于SNMP协议的云监控系统部署在地震行业网络,通过物理资源虚拟化、虚拟资源再分配、业务系统在多台服务器之间自由迁移等技术,真正摒弃传统机房存在的一项业务占用一台服务器、服务器宕机业务即中断等缺点。      

Monitoring spatial variability of forest interception

Field instrumentation was designed and installed to quantify the influence of forest interception on the spatial and temporal distribution of water flux onto and into the forest soil at the plot scale. An application is presented which demonstrates that the instrumentation has the required resolution to monitor the spatial variability and dynamics of the flux processes. The observations show that spatial variability of interception may play an important role, not only in small scale soil moisture heterogeneity, but also in the hydrological response of a forested catchment at the hillslope scale. They also highlight the need of gathering more field information on the effects of vegetation on the spatial variability of soil surface water input.     

数字信号分配器在红山地震台数字化地震观测系统中的应用

为了保证红山地震台数字化观测系统的正常运行和向国家台网中心的实时波形传输,数字信号分配器在数字化地震观测系统中的应用实现了数采输出的信号分道,分别输出到卫星、台站的实时监控前台机和备份前台机及数采监控仪。避免了实时监控机因硬件和软件故障所造成的台站资料断记和卫星传输中断,在全国数字化台站中具有普遍的应用价值。     

城镇埋地管网震害特征与破坏机理

本文从地震过程中埋地管网的破坏特征出发，在分析埋地管网震害与地震动特性、土质条件、地理环境、地质环境和管道自身特征等因素之间的关系基础上，探讨了城镇埋地管网震害特征与相应的破坏机理，探讨了运用地理信息系统建立城镇埋地管网的监测系统的思路。     

远程电源监测及控制系统设计及应用

为提高地震观测设备维护效率,基于CK6660数据采集卡和ZLAN5103串口服务器,采用C#语言编写上位机软件,设计远程电源监测及控制系统,通过在静乐地震台的实际应用,该系统达到预期效果。     

Heated distributed temperature sensing for field scale soil moisture monitoring

Characterizing both spatial and temporal soil moisture (θ) dynamics at site scales is difficult with existing technologies. To address this shortcoming, we developed a distributed soil moisture sensing system that employs a distributed temperature sensing system to monitor thermal response at 2 m intervals along the length of a buried cable which is subjected to heat pulses. The cable temperature response to heating, which is strongly dependent on soil moisture, was empirically related to colocated, dielectric-based θ measurements at three locations. Spatially distributed, and temporally continuous estimates of θ were obtained in dry conditions (θ≤ 0.31) using this technology (root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.016), but insensitivity of the instrument response curve adversely affected accuracy under wet conditions (RMSE = 0.050).     

An easily implemented agro-hydrological procedure with dynamic root simulation for water transfer in the crop–soil system: Validation and application

Models for water transfer in the crop–soil system are key components of agro-hydrological models for irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide practices. Many of the hydrological models for water transfer in the crop–soil system are either too approximate due to oversimplified algorithms or employ complex numerical schemes. In this paper we developed a simple and sufficiently accurate algorithm which can be easily adopted in agro-hydrological models for the simulation of water dynamics. We used a dual crop coefficient approach proposed by the FAO for estimating potential evaporation and transpiration, and a dynamic model for calculating relative root length distribution on a daily basis. In a small time step of 0.001 d, we implemented algorithms separately for actual evaporation, root water uptake and soil water content redistribution by decoupling these processes. The Richards equation describing soil water movement was solved using an integration strategy over the soil layers instead of complex numerical schemes. This drastically simplified the procedures of modeling soil water and led to much shorter computer codes. The validity of the proposed model was tested against data from field experiments on two contrasting soils cropped with wheat. Good agreement was achieved between measurement and simulation of soil water content in various depths collected at intervals during crop growth. This indicates that the model is satisfactory in simulating water transfer in the crop–soil system, and therefore can reliably be adopted in agro-hydrological models. Finally we demonstrated how the developed model could be used to study the effect of changes in the environment such as lowering the groundwater table caused by the construction of a motorway on crop transpiration.     

DSZ-1型动三轴试验机研制与性能试验

动三轴试验机是研究土的动力性质的最基本试验设备。作者研制成功的DSZ－1型电磁式动三轴试验机，气压轴承采用滚动隔膜，三轴室的下加压座采用直线运动轴承，激振器磁体采用八片拼装式，磁场励磁电源做成为调式，动三轴和自振柱共用一套控制、采集及气压系统。性能试验表明，该试验机动态响应好，运动可靠，操作方便，具有较高的试验精度，并于2002年8月20日通过了江苏省建设厅组织的技术鉴定。     

分层土-基础-高层框架结构相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究

本文设计实现了分层土－基础－高层框架结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验，再现了地震动激励下上部结构和基础的震害现象和砂质粉土的液化现象。通过试验，研究了相互作用体系地震动反应的主要规律：由于动力相互作用的影响，软土地基中相互作用体系的频率小于不考虑结构－地基相互作用的结构频率，而阻尼比则大于结构材料阻尼比；体系的振型曲线与刚性地基上结构的振型曲线明显不同，基础处存在平动和转动。土层传递振动的放大或减振作用与土层性质、激励大小等因素有关，砂土层一般起放大作用，砂质粉土层一般起减振隔振作用；由于土体的隔震作用，上部结构接受的振动能量较小，各层反应均较小。上部结构顶层加速度反应组成取决于基础转动刚度、平动刚度和上部结构刚度的相对大小。