PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Geographic Software Reviewed in this article: ATLAS AMP. CONTUR GOLDEN SOFTWARE MAPPING PACKAGE SAMP. G. Nigel Gilbert     

GIS技术支持下的招远市金矿区崩塌遥感调查

在总结前人研究成果的基础上,全面系统地分析了诱发招远市金矿区崩塌的自然和人为因数,然后运用遥感技术对金矿区遥感图像进行处理,提取诱发崩塌的条件因子,聘请有经验的专家对各项诱发因子进行诊断分析,以此作为判断条件,在G IS技术的支持下对诱发崩塌的条件因子进行空间分析,预测出招远金矿区发生崩塌的危害程度,为防治崩塌提供科学依据。预测结果表明,招远金矿区崩塌有进一步发展的可能,其中,高危险区有36820 m2,中易发区有50 610 m2,低易发区有67 200 m2,需要采取有效措施加以防治。     

青藏高原统计数据分析--以人口为例

在自然地理单元与行政单元交叉情况下,如何根据行政单元统计数据获得该自然地理单元的精确数据是当前研究的难点和重点之一。以青藏高原为自然地理单元和人口数据为例,选用并设计了数据统计的运算方法(实际数值模型、边缘等密度法推算模型、最小值模型、最大值模型和估测值模型等5个线性统计模型)及试验应用。主要研究结论为：(1)在青藏高原中国境内分布于6个省区的221个县(市),其中155个县(市)位于高原内部,其余66个县市位于高原边缘地区,文中给出了边缘县在高原内外的面积比;(2) 边缘等密度法的计算结果更接近实际, 而估测值模型与边缘等密度法计算结果相差最小;截止2001年,青藏高原人口约1204万人; (3)结合居民点的实际空间数据进行叠加分析或结合多源数据融合技术,将进一步提高测算的精确度。     

Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Assessment of Hydrochemistry of the Northern Korinthia Prefecture Alluvial Aquifer System (Peloponnese,Greece)

The application of multivariate statistical analyses of hydrochemical data has proved to bemost successful in the assessment of groundwater hydrochemistry, especially in situationswhere numerous samples are available. Fifteen (15) hydrochemical parameters were considered(pH, E.C., T.D.S., T.H, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO₃, Cl, SO₄, NO₃, NO₂, NH₄, PO₄) in 131 samplescollected from the alluvial aquifer of NE Korinthia, during May 1997. Simple and multipleregression, factor, and trend-surface analyses were applied in order to examine the importance ofeach parameter, investigate correlations among them, and separate them into groups. Statisticalfactors were selected and their geographical distribution was mapped. It was concluded thatuse of such methods reveal the prevailing evolutionary mechanisms of the studied system,thus enabling accurate and relatively quick hydrochemical assessments.     

降水波动对荒漠草原生产力的影响

在干旱、半干旱荒漠草原区,降水量波动对植被生产力有显著影响.这种影响表现在两个层次上,一是降水量年际间波动,二是年内降水分布格局.对阴山北麓内蒙古乌拉特后旗荒漠草原多年气象资料和植被生产力的分析发现:从1971-2011年降水量的年际波动特点来看,荒漠草原区最高降水年的降水量是最小降水年的3.76倍.从气象、实际和矢量年降水量3种统计表达方式与生产力的关系来看,反映年际降水波动和年内分布特点的矢量降水与植被生产力的关系最密切(R=0.9200,R_0.001=0.8010),回归方程F检验达到极显著.由于研究区植被组成以小半灌木和多年生草本为主,且年降水量大部分集中在5-8月,生长期内月降水量的累积效应明显,其中6-8月累计降水对植被生产力的影响最显著.     

淮河中上游流域洪水主要类型及其时空分布特征

洪水过程相似性挖掘对流域雨洪资源利用、水库防洪调度以及河流生态修复等具有重要的现实意义。论文以淮河中上游流域16个水文站2006—2015年125场洪水过程数据为基础,采用洪水量、时间、变化率和形态等特征指标对完整洪水过程进行了全面刻画,以主成分分析和层次聚类等多元统计分析手段辨识了流域内代表性洪水类型,揭示了各洪水类型的时空分布特征。结果表明：① 淮河中上游流域主要有5类代表性洪水类型,分别为长历时且变化剧烈型、多峰长历时型、尖瘦短历时型、矮胖型以及常规型。② 从时间分布来看,2006—2015年间洪水类型数量呈现减少趋势,常规型洪水的比例逐渐增大;丰水年份(如2007年)、平水年份(如2006年)的洪水类型较多,而枯水年份(2011—2013年)洪水类型较少,以常规型和矮胖型洪水出现频率居多。③ 从空间分布来看,源头站点的洪水类型较多,中下游站点的洪水类型比较单一,主要从尖瘦型洪水过程逐渐转变为矮胖型,这与流域内水源涵养能力、工程调蓄能力以及降水多样性等有较大的关系。研究可为流域洪水信息挖掘和特征分析等提供参考借鉴,也可为淮河流域洪水的演变特征分析、水库防洪调控和雨洪资源利用等提供决策依据。     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: ADD A STAT, Version 2.0 MULTIFIT, Version 2.0 CITY AND COUNTY DATA BOOK, 1983 Files on Diskettes. FUTPOP. CPSS/PC, Version 2. SOURCE ZIP and SOURCE TRACT STATPLAN 111 ySTAT.     

Reviews

Bppks reviewed:
Reginald Appleyard, (ed.) Emigration dynamics in developing countries. Vol. IV: the Arab region
Curt Meine and Richard L. Knight, (eds.) The Essential Aldo Leopold. Quotations and Commentaries
Jyoti Shankar Singh, Creating a New Consensus on Population
Walden Bello, Shea Cunningham and Li Kheng Poh, A Siamese Tragedy
Bart Makaske, Anastomosing Rivers: Forms, Processes and Sediments
Philip Micklin, Managing Water in Central Asia
Iwao Kobori and Michael H. Glantz, (eds.) Central Eurasian Water Crisis: Caspian, Aral, and Dead Seas
John R. Gold and George Revill, (eds.) Landscapes of Defence
Monica Trujillo Amado Ordonez and Carlos Hernandez, Risk Mapping and Local Capabilities: Lessons from Mexico and Central America
R. Dalton, H. Fox and P. Jones, Classic Landforms of the White Peak (second edition), Classic Landforms of the Dark Peak (second edition)
Tatyana Saiko, Environmental Crises: Geographical Case Studies in Post-Socialist Eurasia
F. Brouwer and P. Lowe, (eds.) CAP Regimes and the European Countryside
Andrew Goudie, The Human Impact on the Natural Environment (fifth edition)
Jean Radvanyi, La Nouvelle Russie (second edition)
John Vogler, The Global Commons: Environmental and Technological Governance (second edition)     

Population distribution and urban growth in Southern Italy, 1871–2011: emergent polycentrism or path-dependent monocentricity?

This study assesses changes in population distribution and the expansion of urban settlements in Southern Italy between 1871 and 2011. Four demographic phases are identified: (i) spatially balanced, mild population growth (1871–1921); (ii) moderate population increase concentrated in coastal and lowland areas (1921–1951); (iii) rapid and diffused population growth (1951–1981); and (iv) population stability with settlement dispersion (1981–2011). While urban growth in the years preceding the 1980s reinforced the polarization in rich and poor areas along the urban-to-rural gradient, since the early 1990s both urban and rural areas showed population dynamics that consolidated low-density settlements scattered around the largest cities. This path, however, does not reflect the evolution towards a more spatially balanced urban development, as observed in other European regions. Causes and consequences of the persistence of a fragmented urban hierarchy with dense settlements and sprawl concentrated around the main cities are finally discussed.     

全国1:25万土地覆被遥感制图精度在内蒙古东部的实地验证

土地覆被是全球变化和区域可持续发展研究的重要内容,土地覆被遥感制图是支持全球变化和区域可持续发展研究的基础数据,制图质量是相关研究成果科学性的重要保证.本文针对全国1∶25万土地覆被遥感制图的精度评价,用大类分错扣1分,同一大类中的小类分错扣0.5分的计分评价方法,共选取190个样点,在内蒙古东部进行了实地验证.验证结...     

On paleodrainage evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene based on radar remote sensing in northeastern Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia

Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area, detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet's layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastern Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian'e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake, the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastern Ejin Banner, and at 50 ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestern China. The event caused the lake's shrinkage. (3) By fault activity uplift in the northern part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southern part, the lake's water followed from north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan Lake separated from Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned. (4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan Lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000).     

Farms in a Finnish village (Levanto) 1787–1916

Kampp, Aa. H. & Rikkinen, Kalevi, 1973: Farms in a Finnish Village (Levanto) 1787–1916. Geografisk Tidsskrift 72: 18–32. København, September 30, 1973.

The paper is a case study on a South-Finnish village as to number and size of holdings from the two-course rotation system in the 18th century to full reallotment in 1916.     

基于雷达遥感的内蒙古额济纳旗东北部中晚早更新世古水系演化

Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area,detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet′s layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastern Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian′e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake,the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastern Ejin Banner, and at 50ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestern China. The event caused the lake′s shrinkage. (3)By fault activity uplift in the northern part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southern part, the lake′s water followed from north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan Lake separated from Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned.(4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan Lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000).     

高光谱遥感土壤有机质信息提取研究

土壤反射光谱特征分析是反演土壤信息参量的基础资料。本文阐述了使用航空成像光谱仪OMIS- Ⅰ数据并 结合ASD FieldSpec FR(350~2500nm)便携式光谱仪获取野外光谱数据, 对山东省烟台市招远东良乡原状农用土有 机质含量进行反演, 从而实现有机质填图。通过对土壤原反射率对数一阶微分变换并确定其与SOM的相关性, 最 终建立相应的多元线性回归方程。分析认为土壤有机质的测定选用762nm、874nm 及1667nm 波段在本次研究中效 果最佳。该模型也可作为土壤有机质估测和评价的参考。     

On paleodrainage evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene based on radar remote sensing in northeastern Ejin Banner,Inner Mongolia

Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area,detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet‘s layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastem Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian‘e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake,the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastem Ejin Banner, and at 50 ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestem China. The event caused the lake‘s shrinkage. (3)By fault activity uplift in the northem part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southem part, the lake‘s water followed fi‘om north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan lake separated fi‘om Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned.(4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000).     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Geographic Software Reviewed in this article: APPLEPIPS IBM EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE SERIES: EARTH SCIENCE SERIES . Moisture in the Atmosphere, Hydrologic Cycle, Surface Water and Ground Water. MINI-MAX MULTIMAP . Barry R. Cohen . Planning Data Systems WORLD GEOGRAPHY SERIES, U.S. GEOGRAPHY QUIZ, U.S. GEOGRAPHY ADVENTURE     

全新世海侵痕迹遥感信息特征提取方法研究*

本文应用TM、MSS、NOAA等多平台、多波段、多时相遥感信息,并结合地貌、水文地质、岩相、历史考古等地学信息进行综合分析,研究华北平原全新世海侵痕迹信息的特征提取方法。研究中特别注重利用与海侵有着直接成因关系的地下咸水体及水化学特征变化所传递的信息。这些信息涉及到水、热、盐、土、植被等环境因子。通过多种图象处理方法,突出古海岸线两侧环境因子的综合差异,识别和勾绘古岸线。     

TOWARD A GEOGRAPHY OF THE INDUSTRIAL ESTATE∗

Geographic Software Reviewed in this article:

APPLEPIPS

IBM EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE SERIES: EARTH SCIENCE SERIES. Moisture in the Atmosphere, Hydrologic Cycle, Surface Water Ground Water

MINI-MAX

MULTIMAP. Barry R. Cohen. Planning Data Systems

WORLD GEOGRAPHY SERIES, U.S. GEOGRAPHY QUIZ, U.S. GEOGRAPHY ADVENTURE     

基于城市不透水面—人口关联的粤港澳大湾区人口密度时空分异规律与特征

城市人口数据是社会经济各领域的基础数据,高分辨率的空间化城市人口数据则对社会经济各领域的分析和研究具有重要意义。本文首先通过多源遥感技术提取空间分辨率为30 m的粤港澳大湾区2007-2015年间城市不透水面的变化,再利用Dasymetric映射方法得到30 m分辨率的网格化人口密度分布,从而分析大湾区2007-2015年间城市人口的时间和空间变化。通过Google Earth时间序列高分辨率影像采集的样本验证,粤港澳大湾区城市不透水面提取精度均在80%以上;通过统计年鉴中县级人口统计数据,分析大湾区网格化城市人口与统计数据之间的一致性,得到决定系数R²总体在0.7以上。研究表明,粤港澳大湾区城市人口具有特殊的时间和空间分异规律和特征：①大湾区内除了香港和澳门人口分布较稳定,其他城市人口都有不同程度和不同方向的扩张,其中广州、深圳、东莞的人口扩张最为明显;②大湾区城市人口空间分布具有明显的多尺度和多中心特征。总体上,大湾区人口集中在以珠江口为中心的城市群核心区内,离核心区较远的肇庆、江门、惠州人口较为稀疏,城市化程度相对较低,是支撑大湾区经济社会继续深入发展的重要区域。在核心区内,城市人口的分布则在城市尺度和城市群尺度上都体现了多中心分布特征,香港和广州都有多个城市中心,而香港、澳门、深圳、广州则是整个大湾区的4个中心。地理位置上4个中心分布在大湾区的不同地方,可以带动整个粤港澳大湾区的全面发展。研究结果可为粤港澳大湾区在社会经济各领域的分析与规划提供决策支持。