贵州地质矿产事业的奠基与开拓

简要叙述了近代贵州地质矿产事业的奠基与开拓。介绍了建国前贵州近代地学的开端,以及地学大师先贤对贵州省地质矿产事业的贡献和主要成果。介绍了三位贵州省籍著名地质学家对贵州地矿事业的贡献和长期在贵州工作、德高望重的两位已故老总工程师的开拓与卓著贡献,另外,还简要介绍了1944年深入贵州西部山区进行地质调查、为贵州地质事业献身的三位地质学家。     

贵州省地质学会在贵阳地质陵园举行祭奠活动——纪念许德佑、陈康、马以思三位地质学家贵州殉职70周年

正2014年4月24日是许德佑、陈康、马以思三位地质前辈在贵州普安—晴隆遇难70周年的纪念日。为纪念和学习他们为地质科学、为地矿事业、为国家和贵州发展不畏艰险、勇于献身的精神,4月3日,贵州省地质学会在贵阳蔡家关地质陵园,举行了由省地质学会、三位地质学家(马以思)的后人、贵州理工学院资环学院师生共计30余人参加的纪念活动。     

纪念丁道衡、乐森璕、罗绳武诞辰110周年学术研讨会在筑召开

2009年10月10日,“近代地学在贵州——纪念丁道衡、乐森珥、罗绳武三位贵州籍地质学家诞辰110周年学术研讨会”在贵阳市贵州饭店隆重召开。会议由贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局、     

贵州旅游地学资源初探

根据贵州特点,将贵州旅游源分为９大类：地学景观类,地学遗迹类,水文景观类,运动、疗养、休闲、度假类,天象景观类,生物景观类,人文景观类,民族风性类和土特产品类。为合理开发和保护贵州旅游资源,作者提出了一些建议。     

纪念乐森、丁道衡、罗绳武三位地质学家诞生100周年——纪念座谈会在贵阳隆重举行

今年是贵州省籍著名地质学家乐森、丁道衡、罗绳武三位教授100年诞辰。为了缅怀他们对我国地质和地质教育事业的丰功伟绩,对家乡贵州的巨大贡献;弘扬他们的科学精神;学习他们的高贵品质,鼓励后学,7月26日下午,由贵州省地质学会、贵州省地矿厅、贵阳市政协文史和学习...     

把论文写在贵州大地上——纪念著名区域地质学家王砚耕先生

王砚耕先生是著名的区域地质学家。他一生胸怀祖国、服务人民,敢为人先、勇攀高峰,追求真理、严谨治学,淡泊名利、潜心研究,集智攻关、团结协作,甘为人梯、奖掖后学,为贵州的地质事业做出了突出贡献,把论文写在了贵州大地上。在砚耕先生逝世两周年之际,特撰此文纪念!     

中法地学部门合作20年回顾

去年9月应国家总理朱镕基邀请,法国总理诺斯潘对中国进行了正式访问,随同来访还有法国国民教育、研究和技术部阿莱格尔部长,原是一位著名的地质学家,中法喜马拉雅地学     

地学园地

英地质学家在埃及发现4600年前铺有路面的道路美国地质学家在埃及首都开罗附近发现一条大约有4600年历史的、人类最早修建的、铺有路面的道路.在美国地质学会最近在科罗拉多州举行的地区性会议上,美国联邦地调所和托莱多大学的科学     

怀念 希望 祝愿——《贵州地质》百期感言

《贵州地质》已经办到100期了。在科学的春天里萌生,在贵州老一辈地质学家的开拓、耕耘和呵护下,在贵州省地质矿产局历届领导的重视、关怀和支持下,《贵州地质》沐浴着改革开放的春风,分享着地质队员和相关工作人员的成功与喜悦,伴随着他们的足迹与思考,走过了25个年头。看着厚重的26卷100期杂志——地质人、地矿人汗水的凝聚,     

发展中国家的地学建设

一、过去的经验1960～1976年,联合国开发计划署向66个第三世界国家提供了1.3亿美元的地学技术援助;当地政府提供了0.85亿美元.这些促成价值260亿美元矿床的发现.但因财政和政治上的原因,这些矿床开发尚少. 在联合国的协助下,智利、东南亚、东非等国家和地区已建立研究中心;在哥斯达黎加、沙特阿拉伯创立了第三世界国家区域训练中心.估计在第三世界工作的地质学家有25000人(不包括中国).巴西每年有450名毕业生,印度450名,尼日利亚80名:赞比亚和博茨瓦纳的地质学家不足20人. 二、现状第三世界的地质学家苦于低工资和低野外津贴、供应和设备短缺、提升机会很少,官方很少承认他们的好成绩,阅读国际科学文献、参加国际会议机会很少.抱怨最多的是外国     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.