地电化学法在红旗岭铜、镍矿预测中的应用

铜、镍矿电化学溶解试验结果充分说明,自然电场或人工电场的作用能使铜、镍矿产生电化学溶解,所电离的Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+及其他一些阳离子在外加电场的作用下能被迁移至近地表而富集,从而形成离子晕。利用地电化学法在吉林红旗岭铜镍矿和金川铜镍矿矿区及其外围进行了可行性找矿试验,结果在上述两个矿山已知矿体上方的剖面上均测出了清晰的地电化学异常,表明利用地电化学法来寻找隐伏铜、镍矿是有效的。在此基础上,利用该方法在矿区深部及其外围进行了找矿预测,分别发现3处具有找矿前景的地电化学异常靶区,表明该方法具有良好的找矿效果。     

吉林红旗岭铜镍矿床地电化学异常特征、成晕机制及找矿预测

通过在吉林红旗岭铜、镍矿区开展研究,在铜、镍矿体上同步垂直出现了Cu、Ni、Co、Pt、Cr、Sr异常.异常值的高低排列顺序是Cu＞Ni＞Co＞＞Pt＞Cr＞Sr,呈明显的电化学异常标志.对铜、镍矿的电化学溶解试验研究的结果表明,当铜、镍矿标本电解到24 h,其溶液中的Cu2 、Ni2 、Co2 离子质量分数分别达到2.2×10-6、1.8×10-6、1.5×10-6,充分证明铜镍矿床不但能产生电化学溶解,而且电化学溶解能力较强.经过在吉林红旗岭矿区深部找矿预测,发现3处具有成矿远景的地电化学异常,表明该方法具有良好的找矿效果.     

干旱高山区地电化学法寻找铜镍矿研究——以青海化隆拉水峡铜镍矿区为例

为解决干旱高山区的深部找矿问题和探索地电化学法在干旱高山区寻找隐伏铜镍矿产的可行性,在青海化隆拉水峡铜镍矿区开展了地电提取测量法、土壤离子电导率测量法寻找隐伏铜镍矿的试验研究,通过对已知矿体的地电化学法找矿试验,在隐伏铜镍矿体上测出了清晰的地电化学异常。对矿区的深部及外围的找矿预测中,在A区发现3个地电化学Ni、Cu及电导率异常,在B区发现3个地电化学Cu异常、1个Ni异常、3个电导率异常,在C区发现了3个地电化学Cu异常、2个地球化学Ni异常、3个电导率异常,推测在上述地电化学异常区内寻找隐伏铜镍矿会有新的突破。     

青海省拉水峡铜镍矿床物化探找矿研究及成矿预测

以矿区地质背景及成矿环境为基础,用地球电化学信息和低阻、高磁的地球物理异常等信息,结合地球电化学勘查与地球物理勘探方法建立了拉水峡铜镍矿床综合找矿模型,并利用找矿模型对拉水峡矿区的隐伏矿体进行了预测,在找矿预测中发现了四处具有找矿前景的多种方法组合异常。     

金川铜镍矿床多元地学信息找矿研究

金川铜镍矿床是世界级典型的超大型硫化铜-镍矿床之一.根据在已知剖面上开展的多元地学信息综合找矿可行性试验结果,结合该矿床的地质特征,确立了地质、地球化学、地球物理找矿标志,并建立了金川铜镍矿区深边部地-物-化综合找矿模式.依据上述找矿模式,在金川Ⅱ矿区深边部开展找矿预测工作,发现了5个具有找矿前景靶区,其中在Ⅰ类靶区②号多元信息综合异常带深部经工程验证发现了隐伏铜镍矿体.     

磁法勘探在新疆鄯善恰特卡尔云海地区的应用

利用捷克PMG-2质子磁力仪,对新疆云海地区进行高精度磁法测量,获取直接的磁异常数据。通过化极处理和不同高度延拓分析,圈定重点找矿靶区。据铜镍矿与基性-超基性岩关系,进行间接找矿。经物性测量,本区基性-超基性岩和镍矿种均具有磁性。铜镍矿赋存于基性-超基性岩中,单一磁法原本不能解决问题,但从地质上考虑铜镍矿与基性-超基性岩的产出关系,可利用高精度磁法实现间接寻找铜镍矿。同时,对比分析矿区磁场特征,建立地质-地球物理找矿标志,进行找矿预测。在重点区段实施工程验证,见矿率高,说明地面高精度磁法测量具有找寻铜镍矿的可行性和有效性。     

甘肃金川铜镍矿床Ⅰ矿区深部边部地质-地电化学-地球物理多元信息成矿预测

在综合研究分析金川铜镍矿区前人资料的基础上,经现场地质调查、收集地质资料,总结了矿区的成矿规律,有针对性地在Ⅰ矿区的北东侧开展了地质-地球电化学-地球物理多元信息的深部边部成矿预测。根据地电化学数据的统计结果,对矿区元素共生组合和成矿作用、成矿期次等地球化学特征进行了探讨,以此确定了地电化学综合异常;在掌握矿区岩石、矿石物性特征的情况下,通过地球物理勘探推测在Ⅰ号矿体与F1断裂之间存在一隐伏的超基性岩体。最终对矿区进行地质-地电化学-地球物理特征的综合分析,圈定了测区的找矿远景区。     

甘肃金川铜镍矿床Ⅰ矿区深部边部地质-地电化学-地球物理多元信息成矿预测

在综合研究分析金川铜镍矿区前人资料的基础上,经现场地质调查、收集地质资料,总结了矿区的成矿规律,有针对性地在Ⅰ矿区的北东侧开展了地质-地球电化学-地球物理多元信息的深部边部成矿预测。根据地电化学数据的统计结果,对矿区元素共生组合和成矿作用、成矿期次等地球化学特征进行了探讨,以此确定了地电化学综合异常;在掌握矿区岩石、矿石物性特征的情况下,通过地球物理勘探推测在Ⅰ号矿体与F1断裂之间存在一隐伏的超基性岩体。最终对矿区进行地质-地电化学-地球物理特征的综合分析,圈定了测区的找矿远景区。     

吉林省茶尖矿区镁铁-超镁铁质岩体地质特征及找矿方向

红旗岭铜镍矿田由红旗岭岩体群、三道岗岩体群及茶尖岩体群构成,蕴藏着大、中、小型铜镍矿床.茶尖矿区是红旗岭铜镍矿田重要组成部分,已往勘查中发现20余个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,并在1号、新6号、9号、18号岩体中发现小型铜镍矿床,2号、10号、14号等岩体中发现铜镍矿化.从岩体特征等方面进行分析与红旗岭区对比,确定了该区的找矿标志和找矿方向,力求在茶尖矿区发现中型以上的铜镍矿床.     

富宁县安定铜镍矿区物化探找矿应用效果

富宁县安定铜镍矿区具有较好的成矿条件。本文介绍在该区应用物化探方法进行找矿的技术成果。通过物化探异常研究分析,进行铜镍矿找矿预测,提出了找矿靶区,取得了较好的方法技术应用效果。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.