3-D Simulation of Steady Plate Subduction with Tectonic Erosion: Current Crustal Uplift and Free-Air Gravity Anomaly in Northeast Japan

Free-air gravity anomaly in plate subduction zones, characterized by island-arc high, trench low and outer-rise gentle high, reflects the cumulative effects of long-term crustal uplift and subsidence. In northeast Japan the island-arc high of observed free-air gravity anomaly takes its maximum about the eastern coastline. On the other hand, the current vertical crustal motion estimated from geological and geomorphological observations shows a gentle uplift in the land area and steep subsidence in the sea area with the neutral point near the eastern coastline. Such a discrepancy in spatial patterns between the free-air gravity anomaly and current vertical crustal motion can be ascribed to a change in the mode of crustal uplift and subsidence associated with the initiation of tectonic erosion at the North American-Pacific plate interface. We developed a realistic 3-D simulation model of steady plate subduction with tectonic erosion in northeast Japan on the basis of elastic/viscoelastic dislocation theory. Through numerical simulations with this model we found that simple steady plate subduction brings about the crustal uplift characterized by island-arc high with its maximum about the eastern coastline, while steady plate subduction with tectonic erosion, which is represented by the landward retreat of the plate interface, brings about gentle uplift in the land area and steep subsidence in the sea area with the neutral point near the eastern coastline. Therefore, if we suppose that tectonic erosion started 3–4 million years ago after the long duration of simple steady plate subduction, we can consistently explain both patterns of free-air gravity anomaly and current crustal uplift in northeast Japan.     

Present day geodynamics in Iceland monitored by a permanent network of continuous GPS stations

Iceland is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and thereby offers a rare opportunity to study crustal movements at a divergent plate boundary. Iceland is not only characterized by the divergence of the Eurasian and North American Plates, as several active volcanoes are located on the island. Moderate size earthquakes occur in the transform zones, causing measurable crustal deformation. In 1999 the installation of a permanent network of continuous GPS stations (ISGPS) was initiated in order to observe deformation due to unrest in the Hengill volcanic system and at the Katla volcano. The ISGPS network has been enlarged over the years and consists today of more than 25 CGPS stations. Most of the stations are located along the plate boundary, where most of the active deformation takes place. Uplift due to post-glacial rebound due to the melting of the largest glacier in Europe, Vatnajökull, is also detected by the ISGPS network. This study presents results from analysis of 9 years of data from the ISGPS network, in the global reference frame PDR05, which has been evaluated by the Potsdam-Dresden-Reprocessing group with reprocessed GPS data only. We thus determine subsidence or land uplift in a global frame. The horizontal station velocities clearly show spreading across the plate boundary of about 20 mm/a. Stations in the vicinity of the glacier Vatnajökull indicate uplift in the range of 12 mm/a, while a station in the central part of Iceland shows uplift rates of about 25 mm/a. Tide gauge readings in Reykjavik and current subsidence rates observed with CGPS agree also quite well.     

Aseismic faulting following the 1973 Nemuro-oki earthquake,Hokkaido, Japan (a retrospective study)

Tidal records at Hanasaki, southeastern Hokkaido, are analysed to clarify the post-seismic crustal vertical movement in the 1973 Nemuro-oki, Japan, earthquake. The result shows that the post-seismic uplift, as speculated byKasahara (1975), terminated in late 1975 and reverted to the previous rate of rapid subsidence of about 1 cm/yr. Ceasing of the post-seismic uplift, which occurred much earlier than previously speculated, could be explained by supplementary mechanisms, such as frictional resistance against creeping at the fault surface. This unexpected mode of movement, however, raises a new question about the accumulation of tectonic movements in this district. Since the subsidence rate extrapolated from geomorphological data for the past several thousand years is almost one order of magnitude lower than the recent rate as mentioned above, we have to provide some alternative explanation for the discrepancy between the two rates. In other words, simple repetition of co-, post- and inter-seismic movements in seismic cycles due to plate subduction, must be modified in this district. Several possible modifications to the subduction process are suggested, and a brief discussion of vertical movements expected in each case is given.     

Co- and post-seismic surface deformation and gravity changes of M S7.0 Lushan,earthquake

On April 20, 2013, an earthquake with magnitude 7.0 occurred in the southwest of the Longmenshan fault system in and around Lushan County, Sichuan Province, China. This devastating earthquake killed hundreds of people, injured 10 thousand others, and collapsed countless buildings. In order to analyze the potential risk of this big earthquake, we calculate the co- and post-seismic surface deformation and gravity changes of this event. In this work, a multilayered crustal model is designed, and the elastic dislocation theory is utilized to calculate the co- and post-seismic deformations and gravity changes. During the process, a rupture model obtained by seismic waveform inversion (Liu et al. Sci China Earth Sci 56(7):1187–1192, 2013) is applied. The time-dependent relaxation results show that the influences on Lushan and its surrounding areas caused by the M _S7.0 Lushan earthquake will last as long as 10 years. The maximum horizontal displacement, vertical uplift, and settlement are about 5 cm, 21.24 cm, and 0.16 m, respectively; the maximal positive and negative values of gravity changes are 45 and ?0.47 μGal, respectively. These results may be applied to evaluate the long-term potential risk caused by this earthquake and to provide necessary information for post-earthquake reconstruction.     

Inflation along Kilauea's Southwest Rift Zone in 2006

We report on InSAR and GPS results showing the first crustal inflation along the southwest rift zone at Kilauea volcano in over 20 years. Two independent interferograms (May 2–August 2, 2006 and June 22–Nov 7, 2006) from the ALOS PALSAR instrument reveal domal uplift located southwest of the main caldera. The uplift is bounded on the northeast by the caldera and follows the southwest rift zone for about 12 km. It is approximately 8 km wide. We use data derived from permanent GPS stations to calibrate the InSAR displacement data and estimate uplift of 7.7 cm during the first interferogram and 8.9 cm during the second with line-of-sight volumes of 2.8 × 10⁶ m³ and 3.0 × 10⁶ m³ respectively. The earthquake record for the periods before, during, and after inflation shows that a swarm of shallow earthquakes (z < 5 km) signaled the beginning of the uplift and that elevated levels of shallow seismicity along the rift zones occurred throughout the uplift period. GPS data indicate that the inflation occurred steadily over nine months between mid-January and mid-October, 2006 making injection of a sill unlikely. We attribute the inflation to recharge of a shallow ductile area under the SWRZ.     

青藏高原东缘岩石圈结构对现今地表垂向运动影响的数值分析

参考青藏高原东缘松潘-甘孜地块至四川盆地陡变地形起伏和地壳密度结构的横向差异,本文建立了二维牛顿黏性流体有限元模型,计算分析构造加载、陡变地形和重力效应控制下青藏高原东缘岩石圈变形特征,探讨横向不均匀的地壳密度结构、陡变地形和岩石圈流变性质对区域现今垂向运动的影响.计算结果显示：在构造加载作用下,松潘-甘孜地块至四川盆地地表抬升微弱.区域横向不均匀的地壳密度结构驱使松潘-甘孜地块地壳整体抬升,速率高达2 mm·a^-1,四川盆地整体下沉,速率约1 mm·a^-1,与龙门山两侧现今观测到的地表垂向变形模式相近.龙门山地区陡变地形驱使柔性地壳流动,调整区域地壳局部变形;岩石圈流变结构影响重力驱动作用下的模型变形量值和岩石圈变形耦合程度,松潘-甘孜地块较低的中地壳黏滞系数引起上、下地壳的变形解耦;模型较高的岩石圈地幔黏滞系数使重力驱动作用下区域垂向变形量降低.因此,青藏高原东缘地壳密度结构差异、地形起伏和岩石圈流变性质是现今区域垂向变形的重要动力学控制因素.     

Gravity anomaly and crustal density structure in Jilantai rift zone and its adjacent region

This paper deals with the interpretation of Bouguer gravity anomalies measured along a 250 km long Suhaitu-Etuokeqi gravity profile located at the transitional zone of the Alxa and Ordos blocks where geophysical characteristics are very complex. The analysis is carried out in terms of the ratio of elevation and Bouguer gravity anomaly, the normalized full gradient of a section of the Bouguer gravity anomaly (G ^h ) and the crustal density structure reveal that (1) the ratio of highs and lows of elevation and Bouguer gravity anomaly is large between Zhengyiguan fault (F4) and Helandonglu fault (F6), which can be explained due to crustal inhomogeneities related to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet block in the northeast; (2) the main active faults correspond to the G ^h contour strip or cut the local region, and generally show strong deformation characteristics, for example the Bayanwulashan mountain front fault (F1) or the southeast boundary of Alxa block is in accord with the western change belt of G ^h , a belt about 10 km wide that extends to about 30 km; (3) Yinchuan-Pingluo fault (F8) is the seismogenic structure of the Pingluo M earthquake, and its focal depth is about 15 km; (4) the Moho depth trend and Bouguer gravity anomaly variation indicates that the regional gravity field is strongly correlated with the Moho discontinuity.     

Geothermal data analysis at the high-temperature hydrothermal area in Western Sichuan

The western Sichuan hydrothermal area is located at the northeastern margin of the eastern syntaxis of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is also the eastern end of the Mediterranean-Himalayan geothermal activity zone. There are 248 warm or hot springs in this area, and 11 have temperatures beyond the local boiling temperature. Most of these hot springs are distributed along the Jinshajiang, Dege-Xiangcheng, Ganzi-Litang, and Xianshuihe faults, forming a NW-SE hydrothermal belt. A geothermal analysis of this high-temperature hydrothermal area is an important basis for understanding the deep geodynamic process of the eastern syntaxis of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In addition, this study offers an a priori view to utilize geothermal resources, which is important in both scientific research and application. We use gravity, magnetic, seismic, and helium isotope data to analyze the crust-mantle heat flow ratio and deep geothermal structure. The results show that the background terrestrial heat flow descends from southwest to northeast. The crustal heat ratio is not more than 60%. The high temperature hydrothermal active is related to crustal dynamics processes. Along the Batang-Litang-Kangding line, the Moho depth increases eastward, which is consistent with the changing Qc/Qm(crustal/mantle heat flow) ratio trend. The geoid in the hydrothermal zone is 4–6 km higher than the surroundings, forming a local "platform". The NW-SE striking local tensile stress zone and uplift structure in the upper and middle crust corresponds with the surface hydrothermal active zone. There is an average Curie Point Depth(CPD) of 19.5–22.5 km in Batang, Litang, and Kangding. The local shear-wave(S-wave) velocity is relatively low in the middle and lower crust. The S-wave shows a low velocity trap(Vs3.2 km s.1) at 15–30 km, which is considered a high-temperature partial melting magma, the crustal source of the hydrothermal active zone. We conclude that the hydrothermal system in this area can be divided into Batang-type and Kangding-type, both of which rely on a crustal heating cycle of atmospheric precipitation and surface water along the fracture zone. The heat is derived from the middle and lower crust: groundwater penetrates the deep faults bringing geothermal energy back to the surface and forming high-temperature springs.     

首都圈地区地震重力测量数据的统一处理与分析

对首都圈地区由不同施测单位用不同仪器或不同方法获得的三组重力测量数据,通过绝对和相对测量的联合平差、相对测量结果的系统差消除,建立起绝对的、统一的重力时变体系;在此基础上分析了非构造因素地壳沉降的影响,并进行了测点位移改正,消除了长波干扰;实现了绝对和相对测量方法优势互补、消除矛盾和环境干扰、扩大信息量、加密时域采样间隔等目的,提高了识别构造活动过程的能力．结果表明,两组相对测量数据之间以及其中的10期观测资料中存在系统误差,研究区东南部的非均匀性局部地壳下沉导致10个点重力值线性上升,本文用回归分析的方法进行了改正．改正后的重力时变图对1995年10月6日古冶5.0级地震有明显而完整的反映．      

Crustal structure beneath the central and western North China from receiver function analysis

The North China Craton (NCC) is one of the oldest cratons on earth. Several important tectonic transformations of Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic regime led to the destruction of the North China craton. The knowledge of crustal structure can provide important constraints for the formation and evolution of cratons. New maps of sediment thickness, crustal thickness (H) and v_P/v_S (κ) in the central and western NCC were obtained using sequential H-κ stacking. P-wave receiver functions are calculated using teleseismic waveform data recorded by 405 stations from ChinArray project. Benefiting from the densely distribution of temporary seismic stations, our results reveal details of the crustal structure in the study area. The thickness of sedimentary layer in North China ranges from 0–6.4 km, and the thickest sedimentary layer is in Ordos block and its surroundings (about 2.8–6 km); The thickness of sedimentary layer in the Mongolia fold belt and Yinshan orogenic belt is relatively thin (less than 1 km). The crustal thickness of the study area varies between 27–48 km, of which the crust of the North China Plain is about 30–33 km, the central NCC is about 33–40 km, and the Ordos block is 40–48 km thick. The average v_P/v_S ratios in the study area is mostly between 1.66 and 1.90, and that in the Yanshan-Taihang mountain fold belt is between 1.70 and 1.85, and that in the Ordos block is between 1.65 and 1.90, with an average value of 1.77, indicating the absence of a thick basaltic lower crust. The obvious negative correlation between crustal thickness and average v_P/v_S ratio within Ordos and Central Asia orogenic belt may be related to magmatic underplating during the crustal formation. There is no significant correlation between the crustal thickness and the v_P/v_S ratio in the Lüliang-Taihang mountain fold belt, which may be related to the multiple geological processes such as underplating and crustal extension and thinning in this area. The lack of correlation between crust thickness and topography in the central orogenic belt and the North China Basin indicates the topography of these areas are controlled not only by crustal isostatic adjustment but also by the lithospheric mantle processes.     

首都圈地区精细地壳结构——基于重力场的反演

本文以地质与地球物理资料作为约束条件,利用小波多尺度分析方法,对首都圈地区重力场进行了有效分离,应用Parker位场界面反演法及变密度模型对莫霍界面进行了反演分析,并构建了两条地壳密度结构剖面模型,对该区精细地壳结构进行了深入研究.研究结果表明首都圈地区受多期构造运动的改造,形成坳、隆相邻,盆、山相间,密度非均匀性,壳内结构与莫霍面埋深相差比较大的地壳分块构造格局.受华北克拉通岩石圈伸展、减薄以及岩浆的上涌底侵作用,首都圈地区莫霍面起伏比较大,莫霍面区域构造方向呈NE-NNE方向,在盆地向太行山、燕山过渡地带形成了莫霍面陡变带;盆地内部莫霍面形成东西向排列、高低起伏的框架,最大起伏约5 km,但平均地壳厚度比较小,北京、唐山地区地壳厚度最小约29 km,武清凹陷地壳厚度最大约34 km.在重力均衡调整作用下,西部太行山区地壳厚度较大,但地壳密度小于华北裂谷盆地内部;中上地壳重力场特征与地表地形及地貌特征具有很大的相关性.受新生代裂谷作用影响,首都圈中上地壳结构非常复杂,形成了NNE方向为主体的构造单元,断层多下延至中地壳;下地壳发生明显的褶曲构造,表现出高低密度异常相间排列的典型特征;首都圈地区地壳密度具有明显的非均匀性.研究认为首都圈地区地震的发生与上地幔顶部及软流层物质的上涌有一定关系.     

Elimination of effects of earthquake in monitoring crustal movement

Monitoring crustal movements is important in understanding the earth surface and in developing theories about plate tectonics. Plate tectonics describes earth crust which consists of a number of plates moving relative to one another. Global plate models suggest that plate movements are constant due to the fact that relative movements of plates were represented by averaged plate motion. However, if an earthquake occurs, the uniform movement of related plates does not follow the regular trend. In analysis by Kalman Filter, the effects of an earthquake occured within crustal movement monitoring period by geodetic method have been eliminated by a proposed approach, Fading Memory Filter. The proposed method was tested using a real/simulated data. The results of the test showed that the effect of a strong earthquake (M_w = 7.1) which had occurred in the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba was eliminated. Consequently, the proposed method is capable of removing or eliminating a suddan effect in monitoring crustal movements in the analysis by using the Kalman Filter.     

Asymmetric extension associated with uplift and subsidence in the Transantarctic Mountains and Ross Embayment

Apatite fission track data combined with regional geological observations indicate that the uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains has been coeval with thinning and subsidence of the crust beneath the Ross Embayment. In the Dry Valleys region of south Victoria Land, the mountains have been uplifted about 5 km since the early Cenozoic at an average rate of about 100 m/Ma. During uplift, the crust remained at constant thickness or was slightly thickened by magmatic underplating. In contrast, the crust beneath the Ross Embayment has been extended and consequently thinned beginning in the Late Cretaceous but mainly during Cenozoic times. We suggest here that the uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains and the subsidence of the Ross Embayment are a result of passive rifting governed by a fundamental structural asymmetry defined by a shallow crustal penetrative detachment zone that dips westward beneath the Transantarctic Mountain Front. The localization and asymmetry of this detachment and its unusually deep level expression are attributed to a profound crustal anisotropy inherited from an early Palaeozoic collision along the present site of the mountain range.     

S-wave velocity structure in Tangshan earthquake region and its adjacent areas from joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion*

Using the seismic records of 83 temporary and 17 permanent broadband seismic stations deployed in Tangshan earthquake region and its adjacent areas (39°N–41.5°N, 115.5°E–119.5°E), we conducted a nonlinear joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion. We obtained some detailed information about the Tangshan earthquake region and its adjacent areas, including sedimentary thickness, Moho depth, and crustal and upper mantle S-wave velocity. Meanwhile, we also obtained the v_P/v_S structure along two sections across the Tangshan region. The results show that: (1) the Moho depth ranges from 30 km to 38 km, and it becomes shallower from Yanshan uplift area to North China basin; (2) the thickness of sedimentary layer ranges from 0 km to 3 km, and it thickens from Yanshan uplift region to North China basin; (3) the S-wave velocity structure shows that the velocity distribution of the upper crust has obvious correlation with the surface geological structure, while the velocity characteristics of the middle and lower crust are opposite to that of the upper crust. Compared with the upper crust, the heterogeneity of the middle and lower crust is more obvious; (4) the discontinuity of Moho on the two sides of Tangshan fault suggests that Tangshan fault cut the whole crust, and the low v_S and high v_P/v_S beneath the Tangshan earthquake region may reflect the invasion of mantle thermal material through Tangshan fault.     

Geodynamic processes in seismically active areas of the Tien Shan from monitoring data with the use of nuclear explosions

Recent geodynamic processes in the Tien Shan region are studied by the analysis of time series of effective velocities and traveltime delays relative to the IASPEI-91 traveltime curve of the weakly refracted wave P _n from nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk test site over the period of 1968–1989. The time series were constructed for 10 seismic stations located at distances of 800–1200 km from the test site in the regions of the Northern, Central, and Southern Tien Shan. The twenty-year period of observations at stations in the North Tien Shan showed a significant decrease in traveltime delays by 0.20–0.76 s, which corresponds to a 0.2–0.7% increase in seismic velocities. An opposite pattern is observed at stations of the Central and Southern Tien Shan: traveltime delays increased by 0.2–0.5 s and, accordingly, seismic velocities dropped by 0.2–0.5%. These results suggest the predominance of compression processes in the crust and upper mantle during the period of observations in Northern Tien Shan and extension processes in the Central and Southern Tien Shan. The series of velocities and traveltime residuals are characterized by the presence of rhythmic oscillations of various amplitudes and periods against a linear trend. A correlation between variations in kinematic parameters and yearly numbers of earthquakes is observed at all stations. Diagrams of the spectral time analysis reveal rhythms with periods of 2–3 and 5–7 yr. The data obtained in this study are consistent with results of studying the stress-strain state of the Tien Shan crust from focal mechanisms of earthquakes and the velocities of recent crustal movements from GPS data. It is found that the amplitude of variations in kinematic parameters of the P wave at stations located in seismically active regions (the Tien Shan, Kopet Dagh, the Caucasus, Altai, and Sayany) is two to five times higher compared to aseismic regions (the Russian and Kazakh plains).     

Coseismic vertical deformation of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from repeated levelings and its constraint on listric fault geometry

The devastating M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured two large parallel thrust faults along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt. Preseismic and postseismic leveling data indicated the hanging wall of the YingxiuBeichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly presented coseismic uplift with respect to the reference point at Pingwu county town, and the observed maximum uplift of 4.7 m is located at Beichuan county (Qushan town) which is about 100 m west of the fault scarp. The foot wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly showed subsidence with maximum subsidence of 0.6 m near the rupture. By employing a listric dislocation model, we found that the fault geometry model of exponential dip angle δ= 88°?×1-exp(-9/h) with depth of 18 km and uniform thrust-slip of 5.6 m could fit the observed coseismic vertical deformation very well, which verifies the listric thrust model of the Longmenshan orogenic zone.

     

Study of dislocation model and evolution characteristics of vertical deformation field of gongheM S=6.9 earthquake

The preliminary research results of vertical deformation dislocation model of GongheM _S =6.9 earthquake show that, the causative structure is a hidden fault with strike N60°W, dipping S47°W, which lies near the current subsidence center of Gonghe basin. The rupture length and width are 30km and 14km, the upper and lower bound depth of the fault in width direction are 3km and 17km respectively. The maximum coseismic and preseismic vertical deformation of GongheM _S =6.9 earthquake are 247mm and about 100mm. The reasons why there existed rapid postseismic uplift are also given a tentative discussion.     

Vertical ground movements in the Southern Zone Of Tolbachik Cinder Cones after the end of the 1975–1976 Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption and possible causes of the movements

We present elevations between long-term benchmarks in the Tolbachik Geodynamic Test Site as directly measured by second-order leveling in 1976–2011. These raw data are very important for future researchers, since the measurements can be repeated between surviving benchmarks using any more accurate techniques for comparisons with past results. We show that the greatest ground subsidence occurred at the base of Cone II, at the North Vent eruption center during the 1975–1976 Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, with the subsidence reaching 2.33 m for the past 35 years. The subsidence nearly decays at a distance of 7 km. Assuming that subsidences propagate symmetrically, we found an approximate volume for this subsidence, which is 0.12 km³. To make a comparison, we mention that the volume of all the three cones is 0.254 km³. We adduce data showing that a ground uplift of 4–5 cm over an extensive area in the southeastern sector from Cone VIII after the eruption at the South Vent came to an end. We hypothesize that the uplift was caused by lateral emplacements of magma at depths of 0–5 km along numerous southeasterly directions without coming to the surface.     

Gravity change in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area

A gravity network was established by a crew of gravity measurement in July, 1981, with three LCR gravimeters. The measurement errors are less than 100 nm/s². The detectable changes in gravity with time in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area are described. The results show that the gravity has increased 1000 nm/s² in Tianjin area where the ground has been subsiding at a rate of 7–8 cm/a and at the center of subsidence gravity has increased. At other stations, such as Baodi, Tangerli, etc., gravity has also increased gradually, but with an amplitude smaller than that of Tianjin. In the area surveyed gravity tendentiously decreases from south-east to north-east.     

Mapping three-dimensional co-seismic surface deformations associated with the 2015 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>W</Subscript>7.2 Murghab earthquake based on InSAR and characteristics of crustal strain

Three-dimensional (3D) co-seismic surface deformations are of great importance to interpret the characteristics of coseismic deformations and to understand the geometries and dynamics of seismogenic faults. In this paper, we propose a method for mapping 3D co-seismic deformations based on InSAR observations and crustal strain characteristics. In addition, the search strategy of correlation points is optimized by adaptive correlation distance, which greatly improves the applicability of the proposed method in restoring deformations in decorrelation areas. Results of the simulation experiment reveal that the proposed method is superior to conventional methods in both the accuracy and completeness. The proposed method is then applied to map the 3D co-seismic surface deformations associated with the 2015 M_W7.2 Murghab earthquake using ascending and descending ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 images. The results show that the seismogenic fault is the Sarez-Karakul fault (SKF), which is dominated by NE-SW strike slips with an almost vertical dip angle. The north section and the south segment near the epicentre have obvious subsidence along with a southwestward motion in the northwest wall, and the southeast wall has northeast movement and surface uplift trend along the fault zone. The strain field of the earthquake is also obtained by the proposed method. It is found that the crustal block of the seismic area is obviously affected by dilatation and shear forces, which is in good agreement with the movement character of the sinistral slip.