REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM： THEORETICAL APPROACH AND EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CHINA

Regional innovation system (RIS) is the new research field of modern economic geography in the age of knowledge economy. Based on the researches of regional economic geography, the authors of the paper consider RIS as the integrated and interactive systems with innovation milieu, elements, units, structure and functions. Five aspects of evaluation indicators including innovation input scale and output scale, innovation milieu transition, innovation inner operation, as well as innovation outer impact are worked out for final indicators of RIS scale and quality. According to different RIS situations, three patterns of independent, imitative and cooperative development are put forward for choosing. At the latter part of the paper, we select 12 provincial regions (including three municipalities and one autonomous region) of China for empirical study. The results show that there exists great difference among each region from the aspects of innovation scale and quality mainly owning to the diversification of RIS social and economic milieu, the major innovative units of enterprises, universities and R&D institutes. Finally, the paper points out the innovation development decisions for each region. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40131010) LIU Shu-guang (1966–), male, a native of Xiajin County of Shandong, Ph. D., associate professor, specialized in regional economic development and regional innovation system. E-mail: dawnliu9631@263.net     

交通大数据在人文与经济地理学的应用及学科影响

交通大数据能够反映人类社会经济活动产生的位移与时空轨迹,不仅能够满足学者们在微观尺度更深入、更精细的研究粒度要求,而且能够为宏观尺度的研究提供广范围、多视角的连续性观测,其研究与发展为人文与经济地理学带来了新思路和新技术。本文以交通大数据的研究前沿为基础,梳理了区位论、时空行为、复杂网络、流空间等理论研究的发展方向,勾勒了“大数据时代”背景下人文与经济地理学的研究框架体系,探讨了新旧技术方法融合的可能性,并讨论了对各个分支学科相关研究的影响。接着,本文总结了交通大数据在人文与经济地理学的主要应用方向与趋势,主要包括出行即服务的交通规划理论与方法,“人工智能+大数据”的城市管理科学,大尺度交通流迁移的模拟,以及“流空间”与“场所空间”的多维度研究等。最后,本文指出了交通大数据应用在获取难度和数据有偏性等方面值得注意的问题并进行了展望。     

中国环境污染的区域联防方案

环境污染的区域性发展趋势要求污染治理从区域角度进行统筹规划,这与我国按照行政区域进行环境管理的现状存在矛盾。因此,迫切需要进行环境污染区域联防方面的研究。通过运用区域地理学、经济地理学的理论和研究成果,同时借鉴国内外相关案例,并结合我国自然环境、经济发展的区域差异,提出了区域性环保机构设置方案。该方案包括建立5个国家直属局和12个省级分局,这些区域性环保机构既考虑区域环境现状又兼顾未来发展趋势,能够对我国今后的环境保护管理改革提供资料。     

区域可持续发展的指标、标准和限制

世界各国包括俄罗斯在内已经出版了大量关于可持续发展的理论研究方面的书籍。但总体而言,在不同结构层次(全球、国家、区域和地方)的可持续发展模型中,区域水平上的模型可能是最复杂和最基础的层次。本文在构建可持续发展模型的框架下,给出了一个区域经济、社会和生态发展的指标体系、标准和限制,并建立了一套评价区域自然资源潜力及其动态变化的方法。首先,对区域层次上达到可持续发展的条件和内容进行分析。其次,给出一个区域经济、社会和生态发展的框架。其中区域发展的经济质量是指其自身资源状况所带来的区域发展能力;区域发展的社会质量是指由区域的人口潜力和社会结构所带来的在一个长时期内稳定的区域人口以及由此提供的高标准生活质量的能力;区域发展的生态质量是指在一个长时期内区域保持其自然资源潜力和高质量环境的能力。区域可持续发展是在一个长时期内(10年)区域高质量的发展,在区域发展质量水平上进行可持续性和平衡性的评价是必要的,为此建立三者之间适当的比例关系。第三,为反映区域间发展的差异,对区域内的经济、社会等进行自然-经济区划以及对每个分区进行相应的指标的计算。这些绝对和相对的可持续发展比率反映了一定时期内实际的状态距离标准值的程度,刻画了区域发展的质量特征。如果这种比率发生变化,或者相对标准值发生动态改变,那么这些比率就可以评估发展的稳定性,以及同时反映了区域发展在质量上的提高或者降低。第四,区域自然资源潜力及其动态变化的评价。第一步是进行局部自然资源分区和把国土自然资源系统作为最复杂的评价对象进行整体考虑。然后对每一个自然资源系统进行动态平衡的计算(这种平衡反映了自然资源的动态和状态)。自然资源潜在的变化可以用实际的或者预测的数据进行计算。     

Recent advance of cultural geography in China

ＣｕｌｔｕｒａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓａｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｔｈａｔｈａｓｅｖｏｌｖｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅａｎｃｉｅｎｔｔｉｍｅｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｍｏｄｅｒｎｔｉｍｅｓ,ａｎｄｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｅｄａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｃｃｏｍｐｌｉｓｈｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇａｌｌｔｈｉｓｐｅｒｉｏｄ（Ｗａｎｇ,１９９１）．Ｙｅｔｉｔｉｓａ“ｎｅｗｌｙｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ”ｉｎｑｕｉｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｎｓｅｔｈａｔｎｏｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｍ…     

Progress of chinese regional geography studies in recent twenty years

ｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｅｍｂｏｄｉｅｓｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙａｎｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ1980ｓｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓ.Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ ,ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒ ｔａｎｃｅｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗａ…     

Energy Abundance and China's Economic Growth: 2000–2014

Based on the interprovincial panel data of 2000–2014, this paper carries out an empirical analysis on the relationship between energy abundance and economic growth to test the theoretical hypothesis of ‘resource curse' and explore its transmission mechanism for China and its three regions. The results show that, at the national level, positive correlation is present between energy abundance and economic growth, proving that the ‘resource curse' phenomenon does not exist in China as a whole. Moreover, material capital input, human capital input and the level of opening to the outside world could promote economic growth, while technology innovation input may hinder economic growth. As seen by region, a positive correlation also exists between the energy abundance and economic growth in the eastern and western regions, and there is no ‘resource curse' phenomenon either. In all three regions, the human capital input could promote economic growth. Material capital input could promote economic growth in the eastern but hinder economic growth in the western region; the level of opening to the outside world could promote economic growth in the eastern region. It is known through further survey and analysis on the transmission mechanism of resource curse that, at the national level, material capital input, human capital input, and the level of opening to the outside world present positive correlation with energy abundance, indicating that energy development becomes an important transmission factor by strengthening material capital input and human capital input and raising the level of opening to the outside world. However, technology innovation input presents negative correlation with energy development. As seen by region, both the material capital input and human capital input present positive correlation with energy development strength in the three regions. Similar as the eastern region, the level of opening to the outside world presents positive correlation with energy industry development in the middle and western regions; however, the energy development presents negative correlation with technology input level in the western region.     

中国南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究进展

随着南方丘陵区开发利用强度的增大,氮、磷非点源污染和水体富营养化问题日益突出。由于流域尺度非点源污染过程的复杂性,难以建立大范围、重复可控的观测和实验环境,模型模拟成为非点源污染治理辅助决策的必要手段。已有学者对南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟开展了相关研究,但缺乏对已有成果及其存在问题的系统总结以及对下一步研究方向的分析探讨。本文首先分析了南方丘陵区非点源污染过程的机理,认为该地区的非点源污染过程模拟应满足多过程耦合、空间全分布式及考虑区域特点等要求;然后,对南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究现状以及存在问题进行了分析,总结了现有研究在描述非点源污染物迁移路径和反映区域特点等方面的不足;最后,从适合南方丘陵区特点的流域空间离散化方法、全分布式非点源污染物迁移路径的构建、特殊地物和人为活动在全分布式非点源污染模型中的综合表达等方面探讨了下一步研究方向,旨在为南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究提供参考和借鉴。     

中国犯罪地理与警务GIS研究进展

近30年来,随着公安部门犯罪防控需求的增加,中国犯罪地理学正处于新的发展机遇期。为了能较客观、全面地把握我国犯罪地理学的研究现状与动态,本文从中国知网、万方和维普3大电子资源数据库中筛选出与犯罪地理研究主题相关的期刊论文,以此为样本,对研究内容与研究实力等情况进行统计分析。结果表明,自1980s中期以来,中国犯罪地理学在论文数量、研究方法、实证区域、研究机构与核心作者等方面都日益增多,已经在城市犯罪地理、警用地理信息系统、规划设计预防犯罪、情境犯罪预防等4个主要研究方向出现了导向作用明显的核心作者,呈现出良好的发展态势。进入21世纪后,新的发展机遇在促进犯罪地理学论文数量与研究实力快速增加的同时,也导致了案例研究、量化研究的所占比重显著减少,研究区域的空间范围也大幅收敛,集中在长三角、京津、珠三角地区。新的研究阵营不断涌现,核心作者比重不断下降,犯罪地理学进入了研究阵营争鸣角力的重构期。未来我国犯罪地理学的发展任重而道远,不仅亟需完善相关的理论体系、加强国内的案例实证,而且还需注意研究规范的统一、核心作者群的代际更替等诸多问题。     

ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREA—A Case Study of Du'an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi

Ecological security is the main task and applied ficld of present geography, resources and environment sciences and ecology. Ecological security evaluation will efficiently promote ecological security and environmental construction in regional land use. In this thesis, the authors put forward the index system of ecological security evaluation in karst mountainous area on three aspects, the pressure of resources and eco-environment, the quality of resources and eco-environment, and the ability of environmental protection and ecological improvement. Using the evaluation method with single index, based on the case study of Du'an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the system of synthetic regionalization of ecological agricultural economy was formed, which includes three regions, south region with basic security and synthetic agricultural development, east region with critical security and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry balanced development, mid-west and south region with eco     

ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREA——A Case Study of Du＇an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi

Ecological security is the main task and applied field of present geography, resources and environment sciences and ecology. Ecological security evaluation will efficiently promote ecological security and environmental construction in regional land use. In this thesis, the authors put forward the index system of ecological security evaluation in karst mountainous area on three aspects, the pressure of resources and eco-environment, the quality of resources and eco-environment, and the ability of environmental protection and ecological improvement. Using the evaluation method with single index, based on the case study ofDu‘an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the system ofsynthetic regionalization ofecological agricultural economy was formed, which includes three regions, south region with basic security and synthetic agricultural development, east region with critical security and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry balanced development, mid-west and south region with ecological insecurity and compounded agriculture and forestry management. Meanwhile, for these regions, the countermeasures of sustainable agricultural development were pointed out, which provide the basis and example for ecological regulation and control of sustainable agricultural development in counties of karst mountainous area.     

我国林业地理信息产业发展与创新

林业地理信息,是以森林资源及生态环境为研究对象,依托现代地球观测、大数据、物联网、云计算等先进技术,通过精准的时空观测,实施精准的时空作业,达到理想林业时空模式,从而使森林最大限度地发挥生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。林业地理信息主要应用在森林观测、森林经营、造林、森林灾害防控方面。本文从林业地理信息特征、林业地理信息产业需求和林业地理信息装备创新3个方面对林业地理信息进行阐述。     

Reform and teaching quality —Exemplification of regional physical geography

There are a number of factors involved in teaching quality. Among them teaching materials or textbooks are of primary importance, the presentation of which relies first of all on the viewpoint to structure the contents geographically. Whatever branch of geography you are teaching or in pursuit, geographical viewpoint is vitally important. This paper in discussing innovation of geographical education about these institutions with the course of regional physical geography as an example. The higher education of our discipline is in pressing need of innovation and thereby upgrading quality.     

REFORM AND TEACHING QUALITY—EXEMPLIFICATION OF REGIONAL PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

There are a number of factors involved in teaching quality. Among them teaching materials or textbooks are of primary importance, the presentation of which relies first of all on the viewpoint to structure the contents geographically. Whatever branch of geography you are teaching or in pursuit, geographical viewpoint is vitally important. This paper in discussing innovation of geographical education about these institutions with the course of regional physical geography as an example. The higher education of our discipline is in pressing need of innovation and thereby upgrading quality.     

土地类型多级地理格网分类体系框架的建设构想

土地类型研究在综合自然地理学中具有重要的地位和意义。该研究虽在国内外已取得很多成果以及制图实践,但仍然有3个问题有待解决：（1）如何对土地类型进行系统分级、分几级;（2）如何选择土地类型各级指标要素;（3）如何利用多源数据进行计算机自动跨尺度土地类型制图。针对上述问题,本文基于国家标准地理格网提出一种土地类型指标数据库建设方案,即构建4级标准地理格网模型,以各级格网单元作为指标表达载体,选择土地类型研究普遍采用的地带、地貌、土壤和植被4要素,进行多级标准地理格网指标库建设框架设计。通过设计与分析,指出多级地理格网分类体系有其物质基础,即地球科学各学科都具有多尺度研究特征,各学科所具有的分类体系层次性可用多级格网来表达,尤其是影响土地类型分类分级系统的地貌、土壤、植被3个要素间存在相互作用,决定了三者分类体系分级数目和各级格网单元尺度应一致或相近。因此,本文基于标准格网体系,给出了一个土地类型指标数据库建设框架,以期用于土地类型研究与制图格网数据库平台的构建,为进一步开展土地类型制图实践研究提供新思路。     

成渝城市群(四川)经济发展水平评价与分析

以行政区视角和空间视角,从地理国情监测数据集中提取统计指标的空间载体,对该区域的经济发展从经济发展强度、经济发展结构、投资效益水平和市场化水平等四方面进行了量化和评价,结果准确地反映了区域经济发展水平。在行政区视角,可以较好地实现区域间的横向比较;而在空间视角,可以准确地把握微观差异和空间的集聚效应,明确进一步提升区域内经济发展的空间实施路径。     

面向人类行为研究的时空GIS

人类时空行为是地理学、物理学、规划学、流行病学等多学科共同关注的研究主题。时空GIS面向地理时空数据的建模与分析需求,注重时间与空间的一体化表达,为人类行为特征分析与规律探索提供基础方法支撑。然而,现有时空GIS在人类行为时空过程表达以及人类行为与时空场境交互分析等方面存在不足。本文通过深度融合时间地理学理论,提出一种面向人类行为研究的时空GIS方法,以丰富与完善现有的时空GIS方法体系。在深入解读时间地理学中“情境”、“企划”等核心概念的基础上,本文分别从情境要素存在性动态表达、情境要素相关性动态理解及情境要素变化的动态感知等方面探讨拓展现有时空GIS方法的可行性。     

兰州市生态系统健康评价及协调性分析

进行区域生态系统健康评价,可以为当地制定生态系统保护政策和措施、生态系统协调和可持续发展提供科学依据。受数据源获取困难等因素制约,从乡（镇、街道）尺度开展的生态系统健康研究尚不多见。本文通过压力-状态-响应模型,选取15个指标因子构建了适宜于乡（镇、街道）尺度的评价指标体系,然后以第一次地理国情普查成果、统计年鉴数据和Landsat8、HJ-CCD、OMI遥感影像为主要数据源,对部分指标使用统计降尺度处理的基础上,以乡（镇、街道）为评价单元,运用熵值法综合评价兰州市生态系统健康状况,并对压力-状态-响应协调度进行分析。研究结果表明：① 生态系统健康整体表现出由城市中心区较差向城市外围区较好的过渡和替换趋势,从乡镇（街道）尺度来看,属于“不健康”、“亚健康”、“健康”、“很健康”的分别有13.5%、28.8%、51.3%、6.2%;② 就协调度而言,有59%的乡（镇、街道）为中度协调区,主要连片分布在城市郊区,其余分布在安宁区的街道,剩余的41%街道为高度协调区和低度协调区,占国土面积的25%,主要分布在城区的街道,零星分布在城市郊区的一些乡镇。     

测绘地理信息科技创新促进经济发展探索研究

科技创新是当前测绘地理信息行业可持续发展的核心动力,测绘地理信息科技创新投入能力和产出能力是影响测绘地理信息行业经济竞争力的主要因素。通过对我国测绘地理信息科技创新和经济发展相关概念进行研究,设计出了科技创新投入、产出能力和经济发展的相互关系模型。以2011~2015年测绘资质单位相关数据为样本,采用相关分析、熵权和线性回归分析方法进行实证,得出测绘地理信息行业科技创新投入、产出促进了经济发展,科技创新投入和产出在此过程中得到相互促进。