磁化中子星发射线的激射不稳定性理论

在中子星磁轴吸积柱的上部,少数高能电子通过磁镜点反射,可使部份电子的速度分布形成非热分布,由此激发激射(Maser)不稳定性。波被放大,发射出频率近似为电子迴旋频率及其倍频的相干辐射。用此模型计算了HerX-1的迴旋线发射。发现不稳定性增长率与吸积柱中电子数密度成正比,因而比非相干散射产生的连续辐射随电子数密度增长更快;而且发射线的强度和能量均与脉冲相位关联。这个理论可解释近期的HerX-1观测结果。     

Saa有挠引力模型下慢旋转磁中子星的电磁场

导出在Saa有挠引力模型下慢旋转磁中子星电磁场所满足的方程，并研究其外部解，得出如下结论：其一，选规范．A^0=0，电磁场存在某种形式的特解；其二，选规范A^0≠0，电磁场根本不存在此特解．故可通过观测中子星外部电磁场的形式判断挠率是否存在．     

What can we learn from Neutron Star X-Ray Binaries' JETS?

We review our current knowledge of the disk-jet coupling in neutron star X-ray binaries. We compare neutron star and black hole X-ray binaries, by means of radio and X-ray observations, in order to understand the role played in the production of the jet, by characteristics proper of the accreting compact object involved: the existence of a solid surface, the presence of an ergosphere/event horizon, the strength of the magnetic field, the spin of the compact object.     

X1908+075: A Late O-Type Supergiant with a Neutron Star Companion

X1908 + 075 is a highly-absorbed Galactic X-ray source likely made up of a pulsar accreting wind material from a massive companion. We have used near-IR photometric data complemented by follow-up spectroscopy to identify the likely counterpart to this X-ray source and to assign a spectral type O7.5–9.5 If to the primary. Further details can be found in Morel and Grosdidier (2005).     

The Orbital Period of the Be/Neutron Star Binary RX J0812.4-3114

We present the results of Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of the Be star X-ray binary system RX J0812.4-3114. A light curve obtained with the RXTE All-Sky Monitor (ASM) shows that the source is currently in an active state with outbursts occurring at approximately 80 day intervals. The source underwent a transition from an inactive state to this regular outburst state early in 1998. An observation of RX J0812.4-3114 was obtained with the RXTE Proportional Counter Array (PCA) close to the time of a predicted maximum in 1999 March, and strong pulsations were detected at a period of 31.88 s. This confirms the result of an earlier PCA observation by Reig & Roche that was also obtained serendipitously near the predicted maximum flux of the 80 day period and also near the start of the current active state. We interpret the periodicity in the ASM light curve as indicating the orbital period of RX J0812.4-3114 with outbursts occurring around periastron passage.     

The Potential Well-Depth ${U_{\Sigma}^{(N)}}$ Constraints on the Surface Gravitational Red-shift of a Proto Neutron Star

The influence of the potential well depth U_S^(N)U_{\Sigma}^{(N)} of Σ in nuclear matter on the surface gravitational red-shift of a proto neutron star is examined within the framework of the relativistic mean field theory for the baryon octet system. It is found that as U_S^(N)U_{\Sigma}^{(N)} increases from −35 MeV to +35 MeV, the surface gravitational red-shift increases and the influence of the negative U_S^(N)U_{\Sigma}^{(N)} on the surface gravitational red-shift is larger than that of the positive ones. Furthermore, the M _max/R and the surface gravitational red-shift corresponding to the maximum mass all increase as the U_S^(N)U_{\Sigma}^{(N)} increases, M _max and R being the maximum mass of the proto neutron star and the corresponding radius respectively.     

强磁场对中子星壳层热核反应的影响

本文通过考虑强磁场中电子的量子效应，分析了强磁场下电子气体的Fermi能，讨论了磁场对核的屏蔽势和核反应率的影响，进而计算了强磁场对天体物理中几个较重要的热核反应的影响，结果表明，相对于无磁场而言，在较低密度下，足够强的磁场使原子核的屏蔽势显著增加，但在ρ／μe＞10~5molcm~(-3)的密度下，中子星表面存在的强度为10~5～10~9T范围内的磁场对核反应率几乎没有影响。     

The Mass Function of Young Star Clusters in the "Antennae" Galaxies

We determine the mass function of young star clusters in the merging galaxies known as the "Antennae" (NGC 4038/9) from deep images taken with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the refurbished Hubble Space Telescope. This is accomplished by means of reddening-free parameters and a comparison with stellar population synthesis tracks to estimate the intrinsic luminosity and age, and hence the mass, of each cluster. We find that the mass function of the young star clusters (with ages less, similar160 Myr) is well represented by a power law of the form psi&parl0;M&parr0;~M-2 over the range 104 less, similarM less, similar106 M middle dot in circle. This result may have important implications for our understanding of the origin of globular clusters during the early phases of galactic evolution.     

Solar Wind Electron Strahls Associated with a High-Latitude CME: Ulysses Observations

Counterstreaming beams of electrons are ubiquitous in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) – although their existence is not unanimously accepted as a necessary and/or sufficient signature of these events. We continue the investigation of a high-latitude CME registered by the Ulysses spacecraft on 18?–?19 January 2002 (Dumitrache, Popescu, and Oncica, Solar Phys. 272, 137, 2011), by surveying the solar-wind electron distributions associated with this event. The temporal evolution of the pitch-angle distributions reveals populations of electrons that are distinguishable through their anisotropy, with clear signatures of i) electron strahls, ii) counter-streaming in the magnetic clouds and their precursors, and iii) unidirectionality in the fast wind preceding the CME. The analysis of the counter-streams inside the CME allows us to elucidate the complexity of the magnetic-cloud structures embedded in the CME and to refine the borders of the event. Identifying such strahls in CMEs, which preserve properties of the low β [<1] coronal plasma, gives more support to the hypothesis that these populations are remnants of the hot coronal electrons that escape from the electrostatic potential of the Sun into the heliosphere.     

The Electron Energy Spectrum from Large Solar Flares

We report on the differential electron spectrum for intense transient events seen at one AU by the EPAM instrument on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft. Over an observing period from September 1997 to September 2005, there were 45 major events that could be reliably identified with a source flare on the Sun. In the ∼40 – 300 keV energy range, the electron spectral index was between one and three for all but two of the events. Twenty-five of the events were associated with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) X-ray class X flares. We compare this result with the spectral index measured from electron pulse events, lasting approx. one hour or less, where the spectral index is typically much softer than three. This suggests that the measured spectral index of near-relativistic electrons at one AU may be a reliable indicator of the source. We also examine the likelihood that fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are responsible in themselves for accelerating near-relativistic electrons and conclude that they do not.     

The Connection of Solar Wind Parameters with Radio and UV Emission from Coronal Holes

This paper presents the results of a comparison between observations of coronal holes in UV (SOHO EIT) and radio emission (17, 5.7 GHz, 327 and 150.9 MHz, from NoRH, SSRT and Nançay radioheliographs), and solar wind parameters, from ACE spacecraft data over the period 12 March?–?31 May 2007. The increase in the solar wind velocity up to ～?600 km?s^?1 was found to correlate with a decrease in the UV flux in the central parts of the solar disk. A connection between the parameters of the radio emission from three different layers of the solar atmosphere and the solar wind velocity near the Earth’s orbit was discovered. Such a connection is suggestive of a common mechanism of solar wind acceleration from chromospheric heights to the upper corona.     

银河系分子云总体性质的研究及恒星形成区成协天体的探测

综述了作者通过＾１３ＣＯ观测示研究银河系分子云总体特征和展示大尺度结构，以及探测恒星形成区新成协天体。评述了研究结果及其应用和有关研究课题的深入与发展，并与同类工作作了比较。     

The Synchrotron Emission of Jets with Transverse Velocity Discrepancy

It has been commonly accepted that the bulk velocity of extragalactic jets varies in all directions. We examined the synchrotron radiation of a jet with velocity structure in the direction perpendicular to its axis and found that the spectral energy distribution (SED) is not strongly influenced by this circumstance, that there is only a small increase in the emission intensity and almost no shift in the peak frequency. For objects with smaller inclined angles θ0 between the jet axis and the line of our sight, such as Blazars, the effect is more important. When θ0 exceeds a critical value there is no longer any change in the SED. To compare the bulk speed with different velocity structure, an equivalent speed (β) is defined which would reproduce the same spectral profile. There possibly exists a stress fμ(y) between layers of the outflow when the velocity is not the same in the jet.     

Elliptical Galaxies with Emission Lines from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

As part of a study of star formation history along the Hubble sequence, we present here the results for 11 elliptical galaxies with strong nebular emission lines.After removing the dilution from the underlying old stellar populations by use of stellar population synthesis model,we derive the accurate fluxes of all the emission lines in these objects,which are then classified,using emission line ratios, into one Seyfert 2,six LINERs and four HII galaxies.We also identify one HII galaxy (A1216 04)as a hitherto unknown Wolf-Rayet galaxy from the presence of the Wolf- Rayet broad bump at 4650 (?).We propose that the star-forming activities in elliptical galaxies are triggered by either galaxy-galaxy interaction or the merging of a small satellite/a massive star cluster,as has been suggested by recent numerical simulations.     

Seasonal Carbon Dioxide Depositions on the Martian Surface as Revealed from Neutron Measurements by the HEND Instrument Onboard the 2001 Mars Odyssey Spacecraft

We present the results of eighteen months of observations of the seasonal caps of Mars based on data from the neutron spectroscopy of the surface by the Russian HEND Instrument mounted aboard the NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft. A four-dimensional model of the Martian seasonal caps was developed on the basis of these observation data. The model shows how the thickness of the frozen carbon dioxide changes in different surface regions. Using the results of the model, we estimated the total mass of the seasonal caps for the period of maximal accumulation of seasonal depositions and the rates of condensation and sublimation of the seasonal cover.     

The Nature of the Faint Radio Source Population and Star Formation History derived from Sub-MJY Surveys

We present new results on the nature of the faint radio galaxy population obtained from a deep identification study in the Marano Field. This work represents the highest identification fractions attained to date in literature for sub-mJy radio samples. Star-forming galaxies constitute a significant fraction of the optical counterparts of sub-mJy radio sources, although they are not the dominant identification class (as formerly believed). We also present a new determination of the co-moving star formation density from z=0 to z?0.35 using the radio luminosity function of star-forming galaxies. For the local determination, we used a sample of 231 spiral galaxies taken from the B≤12 Revised Shapley-Ames Catalogue, while for the non-local determination, we used a sample of87 star-forming galaxies taken from the Benn et al. (1993) sample. The inferred local star formation rate is about twice as great as the H_α estimate, while the intermediate 0.05<z<0.35 star formation rate is consistent with coeval ultraviolet and H_α estimates. This is due to large-scale structure, rarely accounted for in estimates of the cosmic star formation history; the situation could improve significantly with deep moderate-area radio surveys.     

The Properties of Supernova 1997cy Associated with GRB 970514

The extraordinary SN 1997cy associated with GRB 970514 has been observed photometrically and spectroscopically for nearly 2 yr. At the time of discovery, SN 1997cy was the brightest supernova (SN) ever observed (MV相似文献   

A Comparison of Theoretical Si VIII Emission Line Ratios with Observations from Serts

Recent R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates in N-like Si VIII are used to derive theoretical emission line intensity ratios involving 2s ²2p ³–2s2p ⁴ transitions in the 216–320 Å wavelength range. A comparison of these with an extensive dataset of solar active region, quiet-Sun, sub-flare and off-limb observations, obtained during rocket flights of the Solar EUV Research Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS), indicates that the ratio R ₁= I(216.94 Å)/I(319.84 Å) may provide a usable electron density diagnostic for coronal plasmas. The ratio involves two lines of comparable intensity, and varies by a factor of about 5 over the useful density range of 10⁸–10¹¹ cm^?3. However R ₂= I(276.85 Å)/I(319.84 Å) and R ₃=I(277.05 Å)/I(319.84 Å) show very poor agreement between theory and observation, due to the severe blending of the 276.85 and 277.05 Å lines with Si VII and Mg VII transitions, respectively, making the ratios unsuitable as density diagnostics. The 314.35 Å feature of Si VIII also appears to be blended, with the other species contributing around 20% to the total line flux.

     

The Evolution of Sunspot Magnetic Fields Associated with a Solar Flare

Solar flares occur due to the sudden release of energy stored in active-region magnetic fields. To date, the precursors to flaring are still not fully understood, although there is evidence that flaring is related to changes in the topology or complexity of an active-region’s magnetic field. Here, the evolution of the magnetic field in active region NOAA 10953 was examined using Hinode/SOT-SP data over a period of 12 hours leading up to and after a GOES B1.0 flare. A number of magnetic-field properties and low-order aspects of magnetic-field topology were extracted from two flux regions that exhibited increased Ca ii H emission during the flare. Pre-flare increases in vertical field strength, vertical current density, and inclination angle of ≈ 8° toward the vertical were observed in flux elements surrounding the primary sunspot. The vertical field strength and current density subsequently decreased in the post-flare state, with the inclination becoming more horizontal by ≈ 7°. This behavior of the field vector may provide a physical basis for future flare-forecasting efforts.