西藏冈底斯山中段第四纪火山岩特征及地质意义

为辨别环境动态变化而进行的多期次环境地球化学填图要求降低不同期次数据间的分析误差，为达此目的，本文提出了衡量各实验室分析质量的新的考核标准，包括：一组标准样不同元素分析值与标准值对数偏差的不合格率；一组标准样不同元素分析值与标准值的相关系数所反映的相似性系数；一组标准样各种元素分析值与标准值在虚拟空间上图形分布的相似性。     

利用ICP-AES快速检测碳酸盐金属元素的方法研究

本实验采用湿法消解碳酸盐岩矿石样品,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES),采用内标法和基体匹配法相结合测定了碳酸盐岩标准物质(GBW10035a)中高达54%的氧化钙主量元素含量及其它常微量元素的含量;对实际样品中微量元素进行样品加标回收率实验,对主量和常量元素采用稀释法验证。实验结果表明,样品加标回收率在94%~108%之间,稀释比率在99.4%~100.2%,标准物质测定值与标准值吻合,6次平行样测定的稳定性4%;该方法一次溶样,径向测定主量和常量元素,轴向测定微量元素含量,操作简单,快速,该方法适用于盐湖碳酸盐样品,以及其他含有碳酸盐的各类样品的分析测试。     

粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中锌砷锰

应用X射线荧光光谱仪测定铁矿石中的锌、砷、锰含量,采用粉末压片法制样,并研究了制样的条件,确定了仪器最佳参数,建立了标准曲线。经国家实物标准铁矿石样品验证,测定值与标准值吻合,三元素的偏差均小于±0.007%;精密度试验表明相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于2.80%。大量实验数据表明,压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定锌、砷、锰元素的精密度高,准确可靠。该方法在检测准确度和分析速度上可以满足钢厂生产要求。     

关于铂族元素分析精度要求的讨论

列举了1972年、1978年、1988年、1994年、2002年和2006年6次制订、修订的质量管理制度、规定、规范(地质矿产行业标准)中关于铂族元素分析精度的规定和要求,评介了6个质量管理文件中对铂族元素分析精度要求的变化,计算、统计了中国与世界铂族元素标准物质标准值定值数据的精度。最后在上述资料的基础上讨论了当今铂族元素分析和标准物质标准值定值的精度要求问题,并据此提出了相关的建议。     

等离子体质谱测定岩石标准物质中痕量元素—对某些元素定值的探讨

用等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）对美国玄武岩标准物质ＢＨＶＯ－１、Ｗ－２和中国玄武岩标准物质ＧＢＷ０７１０５（ＧＳＲ－３）进行了３９种痕量元素分析。三个标准物质的大多数元素测定值与标准值在误差范围内一致。ＧＳＲ－３中Ｃｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｙ、Ｎｂ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ等元素的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ测定值与标准值存在不同程度的偏差。用同位素稀释法对ＧＳＲ－３中的Ｐｂ做了进一步的精确测定,结合玄武岩的元素地球化学分析,认为ＧＳＲ－３     

连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定土壤水溶性盐中钙镁

使用连续光源原子吸收光谱仪在不更换元素灯情况下,一次进样测定土壤水溶盐组成中钙、镁离子含量,测定值与标准值的相对偏差小于5%,测定速度显著提高。连续光源原子吸收光谱法可选择元素任一谱线测定,对比30个土壤样品Mg次灵敏线202 nm与主灵敏线285 nm两条谱线测定结果,两者基本一致。高浓度时Mg次灵敏线202 nm的标准曲线相关性好于主灵敏线285 nm。与传统线光源原子吸收光谱仪相比,连续光源原子吸收光谱仪测试灵敏度显著提高。     

多目标地球化学调查土壤样品中氮和碳的快速测定

详细研究了元素分析仪的工作条件，建立了直接固体进样同时测定多目标地球化学调查土壤样苎支氮、碳的方法。方法简便、快速，检出限为氮14．5μg／g、碳0．013％。经土壤国家一级标准物质分析验证，测定值与标准值相符，精密度（RSD，n=12）为氮1．49％-3．27％、碳0.64％～3.63％。     

X射线能地测定土壤中7种主次量元素

采用粉末样品压片制样,土壤标准物质以及人工合成标样为标准,用Ｘ射线荧光能谱仪对土壤试样中的Ｓｉ、Ｋ、ｃａ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｒ７种、次量元素进行测定。讨论了基体疚及校正等问题。方法经土壤标样分析验证,其结果与标准值符合较好,方法的精密度《３％     

X射线荧光光谱法测定钨矿中主次元素

本文中笔者采用熔融玻璃片法制样,使用X射线荧光光谱法测定钨矿石中的钨、磷等主次元素,所用校准标样是用符合国家一级标准的物质由人工配制而成,并用理论α系数内标法及康普顿散射作内标校正基体效应,其分析结果与标准值相符.精密度统计结果显示,主、次量组分方法精密度(RSD,n=10)为0.371%～6.806%.该方法做到了简便、快捷、经济且减少环境污染.     

X射线能谱法测定土壤中7种主次量元素

采用粉末样品压片制样,土壤标准物质以及人工合成标样为标准,用Ｘ 射线荧光能谱仪对土壤试样中的Ｓｉ、Ｋ、Ｃａ 、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ 、Ｆｅ 和Ｓｒ ７ 种主、次量元素进行测定。讨论了基体效应及校正等问题。方法经土壤标样分析验证,其结果与标准值符合较好,方法的精密度（ ＲＳＤ,ｎ ＝ ５） ＜ ３ ％ 。     

Petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical characteristics of coal from the Soko mine, Serbia

A petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical study was performed on coal samples from the Soko Mine, Soko Banja basin, Serbia. Ten coal and two carbonaceous clay samples were collected from fresh, working faces in the underground brown coal mine from different parts of the main coal seam. The Lower Miocene, low-rank coal of the Soko Mine is a typical humic coal with huminite concentrations of up to 76.2 vol.%, liptinite less than 14 vol.% and inertinite less than 11 vol.%. Ulminite is the most abundant maceral with variable amounts of densinite and clay minerals. Sporinite and resinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group. Inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral-bituminous groundmass identified in some coal samples, and carbonaceous marly clay, indicate sub-aquatic origin and strong bacterial decomposition. The mean random huminite reflectance (ulminite B) for the main coal seam is 0.40 ± 0.05% Rr, which is typical for an immature to early mature stage of organic matter.The extract yields from the coal of the Soko Banja basin ranges from 9413 to 14,096 ppm, in which alkanes constituted 1.0–20.1%, aromatics 1.3–14.7%, asphaltenes 28.1–76.2% and resins 20.2–43.5%. The saturated hydrocarbon fractions included n-C₁₅ to n-C₃₂, with an odd carbon number that predominate in almost all the samples. The contents of n-C₂₇ and n-C₂₉ alkanes are extremely high in some samples, as a contribution of epicuticular waxes from higher plants. Acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons are minor constituents in the aliphatic fraction, and the pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio varies between 0.56 and 3.13, which implies anaerobic to oxic conditions during sedimentation. The most abundant diterpanes were abietane, dehydroabietane and 16α(H)-phyllocladane. In samples from the upper part of the coal seam, diterpanes are the dominant constituents of the alkane fraction. Polycyclic alkanes of the triterpane type are important constituents of alkane fractions. The occurrence of ββ- and αβ-type hopanes from C₂₇ to C₃₁, but without C₂₈, is typical for the Soko Banja coals.The major and trace elements in the coal were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In comparison with world lignites, using the geometric mean value, the coal from the Soko Banja Basin has a high content of strontium (306.953 mg/kg). Higher values than the world lignites were obtained for Mo (3.614 mg/kg), Ni (8.119 mg/kg), Se (0.884 mg/kg), U (2.642 mg/kg) and W (0.148 mg/kg). Correlation analysis shows inorganic affinity for almost all the major and trace elements, except for S, which has an organic affinity.     

陕西商洛马角寺钼矿区土壤地球化学特征及找矿前景——地球化学找矿的典型实例

陕西商洛马角寺钼矿位于小秦岭多金属成矿带西部,矿区出露元古界至新生界地层,区内褶皱和断裂较为发育。1∶50 000水系沉积物测量在本区圈出Mo、Pb、Zn等元素异常,指示有多金属找矿前景。在区内开展1∶10 000土壤测量工作,并对取得的大量数据进行统计分析,研究总结矿区土壤地球化学特征,显示本区Mo、(Au)为成矿元素,Ag、Pb、Zn等为指示元素;同时,在区内再次圈出Mo、Ag、Pb、Zn等元素异常,异常再现性较好。运用1∶2 000地球化学剖面对土壤异常进行查证,发现一条含钼矿化构造带(Q1),从中圈出Mo矿体多条。综合研究1∶10 000地球化学特征显示,本区仍有Mo、(Au)矿床的找矿前景。     

Some problems, strategical and tactical, in international geochemical mapping

The International Geochemical Mapping (IGM) Project (IGCP 259) is the inevitable outcome of the historical development of geochemical exploration from local to regional and then to national scales. For the successful implementation of this project, its long-term and short-term aims should be clarified and many strategical and tactical problems have to be solved. In this paper, the author lays special emphasis on two problems: (1) obtaining geochemical data for this project that are more informative for mineral exploration, basic geology and environmental study; and (2) methods for rendering the data globally comparable. The experiences of China's Regional Geochemistry-National Reconnaissance (RGNR) Project in dealing with these two critical problems are discussed.     

Origin, weathering, and geochemical composition of loess in southwestern Hungary

Loess geochemistry generally reflects paleo-weathering conditions and it can be used to determine the average composition of the upper continental crust (UCC). In this study, major and trace element concentrations were analyzed on loess samples from southwestern Hungary to determine the factors influencing their chemical compositions and to propose new average loess compositions. All studied loess samples had nearly uniform chemical composition, suggesting similar alteration history of these deposits. Chemical Index of Alteration values (58–69) suggested a weak to moderate degree of weathering in a felsic source area. Typical non-steady state weathering conditions were shown on the Al₂O₃–CaO + Na₂O–K₂O patterns, indicating active tectonism of the Alpine–Carpathian system during the Pleistocene. Whole-rock element budgets were controlled by heavy minerals derived from a felsic magmatic or reworked sedimentary provenance. Geochemical parameters indicated that dust particles must have been recycled and well homogenized during fluvial and eolian transport processes.     

坦桑尼亚基戈马卡万加地区土壤测量异常特征及地质意义

坦桑尼亚基戈马卡万加地区地处热带高原地球化学景观区,地质工作基础薄弱,选择适当范围进行1∶50 000土壤测量,从中筛选较好的异常作为工作靶区,进而开展1∶10 000土壤测量,得到了形态基本完整,不同元素叠加有序的Cu-Pb-Zn组合异常,经过地质检查和槽探工程验证,在产状稳定的泥质页岩中见到孔雀石化,并有NNE向断裂控制异常的产出,金属矿化受地层和断裂的共同控制,具有进一步工作的价值.     

Pathfinder applications of arsenic, antimony and bismuth in geochemical exploration

The potential applications of As, Sb and Bi as pathfinder elements in geochemical exploration have been researched using a new, rapid technique for the simultaneous determination of the three elements. Following a warm hydrochloric acid sample leach, the volatile hydrides of the elements are generated and flushed into an inductively-coupled plasma linked to an emission spectrometer. The technique offers a combination of good analytical precision and detection limits of 100 ppb for each of the elements.The principal sulphide ore minerals commonly contain traces of As, Sb and Bi, and concentrations of more than 1% of any one of these have been found in some sulphide specimens. During sub-aerial oxidation of sulphides, any As, Sb and Bi present is released and forms dispersion patterns in the surficial environment. Geochemical surveys of localities in the United Kingdom have demonstrated that anomalous dispersion trains of these elements can be detected in the sediments of streams draining the mineralized localities. In a geochemical mapping programme covering 16,000 km² of central Nepal, over 3500 stream sediment samples were analyzed for As, Sb and Bi, and many known occurrences of Cu, Pb and Zn mineralization are reflected by As, Sb and Bi anomalies. However, bedrock lithology appears to be an important factor influencing Sb and Bi dispersion patterns.In the areas studied, some or all of the elements As, Sb and Bi produce stream sediment anomalies that compare favourably in terms of contrast and extent with the heavy metal expressions, even though none of the three elements have been reported as important constituents of the mineralization with which they occur.     

西昆仑库地煌斑岩的年代学及地球化学特征

在西昆仑库地发现的煌斑岩脉为钙碱性、钾质闪煌岩,侵位在加里东期的变质增生楔杂岩中,采用角闪石单矿物＾４０Ａｒ／＾３９Ａｒ同位素年代学方法确定粕斑岩的侵位年龄为４０４Ｍａ。煌斑岩的稀土元素总量较高,配分图呈轻稀土富集的右倾型式;微量元素以相对富含固离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素为特征;结合地球化学、同位素特征和大地构造背景分析,煌斑岩来源于受原特提斯俯冲组分释放富含大离子不相容元素流体交代过的亏损地幔     

Lithological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of loesses in the Rhinegraben

Buraczynski, J., 1988. Lithological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of loess in the Rhinegraben. Eng. Geol., 25: 201–208.

Lithological properties of loesses have considerable practical significance. Together with the origin of the material and the genetic–facial variability they are characterised by granulometry, chemical and mineral composition and textural features. In particular, the clay fraction and carbonate content point to the fraction and carbonate content point to the geotecnical properties of loesses.     

铜陵舒家店岩体的年代学和地球化学特征研究

舒家店岩体位于长江中下游中部的铜陵断隆区与繁昌断凹区(盆地)的过渡部位,主要的岩石类型有辉石闪长岩、石英闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩、闪长岩以及闪长玢岩.本文通过对岩体中主要岩性-辉石闪长岩锆石LA-ICP MS精确定年、地球化学组成以及Pb同位索的分析,研究舒家店岩体的年代学、岩浆源区、岩浆演化和构造背景等问题.研究显示,...