标量拟解析近似方法模拟立方体的异常电场

拟解析近似方法是一种求解积分方程的一种近似方法,它可以处理强散射或者大扰动的电磁散射问题,在计算过程中避免了传统微分数值方法解决问题时所遇到的大型矩阵或大型代数方程组的求解。孙建国[5]将其引入直流电场的积分方程中,并给出了求解异常电场积分方程的标量拟解析近似公式。在以前的研究中,已经验证了均匀场中异常球体的拟解析近似解的精度,这里对均匀场中的立方体异常体进行数值模拟,得到了直流电场中异常立方体模型的标量拟解析近似解。由于复杂地电模型可以用立方体的组合进行模拟,因此对立方体异常电场拟解析近似解的研究,为三维直流电场中复杂地电模型的快速正反演模拟打下了基础。     

广义解析函数的非线性Riemann 问题

讨论了平面上广义解析函数的非线性Riemann问题，把它转化为奇异积分方程，并利用压缩原理证明解的存在性。     

三维直流电场标量拟解析近似法数值模拟精度分析与评价

拟解析近似方法是一种可以处理强散射或大扰动问题的求解积分方程的近似方法,该方法可以避免用传统数值方法解决问题时,所遇到的大型矩阵或大型代数方程组问题。根据孙建国在文章[14]中的求解异常电场积分方程的标量拟解析近似理论公式,对标量拟解析近似进行研究。对均匀场中的异常球体标量拟解析近似解进行计算,并与理论解进行了对比,验证了其精度,证明拟解析近似方法求解直流电场积分方程是可行的。通过对标量拟解析近似方法在直流电场数值模拟的研究,为三维直流电场快速正反演模拟打下了基础。     

含裂隙非饱和土体的变形与渗流耦合的二维解析分析

含裂隙土体在降雨条件下的渗流规律相对比较复杂,为进一步讨论含裂隙土体渗流机制,在一维解析解的基础上,建立二维饱和-非饱和含裂隙土渗流解析模型,并通过Fourier积分变化推导出二维渗流控制方程的显式解析解。此解析解考虑了多裂隙情况下的孔隙水压力分布和流量边界条件。二维解析解能够准确地获得渗流和变形耦合非饱和土中水的入渗影响规律,并进一步讨论了降雨条件下,不同裂隙模式(裂隙深度、裂隙发育位置及裂隙密集程度)对坡体渗流的影响规律,探讨了含裂隙区域的孔隙水压力分布规律。     

地下水水质的数学模擬(三)——水动力弥散方程的解析解法及其应用

在第二讲中我们用空间平均方法导出了水动力弥散方程。由于它的复杂性,只有在极为理想的条件下才能求得解析解,一般的实际问题都要靠数值方法求解。尽管如此,研究水动力弥散方程的解析解法仍然是非常必要的,不仅各种数值方法要靠解析解进行检验和比较,而且我们还可以根据解析解的适用条件设计室内或野外试验,然后利用公式计算或配合标准曲线来确定水动力弥散系数。 水动力弥散方程的定解条件     

非定常边界多年冻土活动层温度的积分渐近计算

对微分形式的热传导方程进行积分变换,将其转变成等价的积分形式的热传导方程式,然后应用渐近序列方法于非定常边界条件下存在相变的多年冻土活动层的温度计算中,提出新的多年冻土活动层温度解析近似计算公式.尽管渐近序列不是收敛的级数,但当级数变量趋向某个值时,只需取渐近序列前几项既可以获得某种极限条件下具有相当精度的近似解.计算模式采用随时间变化函数的非定常边界条件,改进了定常边值条件的冻土相变温度计算的Stefan公式,退化到定值条件下渐近解和Stefan公式有相同的计算结果.     

边界元法(续)

二、积分方程的数值解积分方程(16)一般来说是不能得到解析解的,因此必须求助于数值方法,如象有限元法那样。但这里仅对区域表面进行离散化,而不必对整个物体这样做。     

变降深抽水附近地下水非稳定运动的积分方程解

根据完整井变流量抽水附近地下水运动的解析解,利用积分方程的方法,推导出了水井水位降深以任意一种函数关系随时间变化时含水层中地下水非稳定运动积分方程形式的解,并提出了该积分解相应的近似计算方法.最后通过一个实例验证了该方法的实用性.     

双重介质水平井产量递减分析方法

水平井开发特殊类型油气藏有其独到优势,针对双重孔隙介质水平井复杂渗流,以Warren-Root双重介质模型为基础,建立了水平井三维不稳定渗流模型,采用Laplace变换、有限Fourier余弦变换及叠加积分等方法对模型进行求解,获得定产条件下无量纲井底压力解,再利用Duhamel褶积原理将定产条件压力解变换为井底定压条件下的产量解;通过重新定义无量纲量建立McCray型产量积分平均递减方程,结合Stehfest数值反演,获得无量纲产量积分平均递减曲线及其导数曲线图版。计算结果表明,产量积分平均导数曲线上出现双重介质特有的“凹子”, 应用该类图版拟合生产数据可方便进行产量预测及储层动态参数求取。     

起伏地表条件下的声波散射数值模拟的积分方程法

从散射理论的角度来看,起伏地表可以看作是一种特殊的扰动介质,因此应用散射积分方程求解起伏地表条件下的散射场在理论上是可行的。从三维频率域声波方程出发,由格林函数定理,得出起伏地表条件下的散射积分方程。散射积分方程为关于起伏地表的面积分和与速度扰动体有关的体积分之和,同时给出了格林函数在奇异点的积分方法。由于数值离散求解积分方程存在着计算时间太长和存储内存不足的问题,采用电磁散射积分方程的拟解析近似的方法。在假设反射函数为缓变函数的基础上,最终得到其近似表达式,因此散射场的数值求解不必再借助于代数方程组,只要进行数值积分即可。这种方法避开了传统数值计算方法存在的问题,为地震散射波场快速正演模拟打下了基础。理论分析表明,这种方法适用于小扰动的问题。当扰动较大时,拟解析近似会产生较大的误差。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861