黄土坡滑坡的离散元研究

根据黄土坡滑坡所处的深部地质和表层古滑坡体结构特征，建立滑坡地质环境模型，运用离散元数值模拟方法研究黄土坡滑坡与深部地质环境的关系，明确了其形成机理，认为软硬相间的岸坡地层及顺向坡特点构成了黄土坡滑坡形成的形成的物质条件和发生背景环境，其内在力学机制是深部软硬相间岩层在重力蠕滑作用下发生的拱张，在考虑不同荷载组合的情况下预测评价滑坡的稳定性变化，滑坡体上建筑荷载会抑制中部剪切滑移区的发展，但能使滑坡体前端剪切滑移区扩大，从而降低滑体前缘的稳定性。     

鱼洞河滑坡地质特征及稳定性分析

在分析滑坡体工程地质条件和滑带土特征的基础上,分析影响因子对滑坡稳定性的敏感性.采用不平衡推力法和简布法,模拟多种外部条件,分析滑坡稳定性表明,滑坡整体处于稳定状态,局部可能失稳,对大坝安全运行不造成巨大危害.     

大渡河三交坪滑坡形成演化机制分析及稳定性评价

三交坪滑坡位于四川首汉源县境内的流沙河左岸，分布面积约1km^3。由于该坡体存在层间错动带和局部变形碎裂体．且地表泉水点较多．造成坡体上游、中部及前缘出现了大量的拉裂缝，目前坡体局部已处于不稳定状态。因此，对该坡体的稳定性评价显得尤为重要。文章根据坡体的结构及形态特征详细分析了滑坡的形成演化机制，判定三交坪滑坡的破坏模式为蠕滑拉裂。同时采用岸坡岩体地质分析及量化评价方法对该滑坡的稳定性进行了分析，得出浅层计算滑面及基岩覆盖界面处的深部计算滑面在天然状态下稳定性良好；但在天然＋暴雨的条件下，浅部滑面的稳定性有少许弱化，处于临界不稳定状态。最后，根据以上分析提出合理的治理建议。     

龙羊滑坡运动机制

龙羊滑坡是龙羊峡水库滑坡中较近大坝的一个巨型滑坡(体积约6000万立方米),它是具有典型意义代表性滑坡。研究它的形成条件、形成机制、运动方式及特征,以及发生发展规律,对评价预测高陡岸稳定性及滑坡涌浪的危害,具有一定的理论及实际意义。     

小浪底水库区垣曲段近岸区地质灾害类型及防治措施

小浪底库区垣曲段近岸区地质环境条件比较复杂，库区近岸以崩塌、滑坡、黄土湿陷为主的地质灾害较为发育，水库蓄水升至275m水位后，必将引起库岸再造，库区水位以下岩土均被软化，引发水下崩塌、滑坡、沿河黄土岸坡也会不断崩塌后退，直接危及沿岸居民区及沿河工矿企业及公路的安全。文章总结了库区近岸各种类型地质灾害发育特征及其成因，通过对库区近岸崩塌、滑坡形成条件的分析，基本查明了区内崩塌，滑坡发育的基本规律，对库区环境地质问题进行了分区，并对主要居民区环境地质问题进行了评价，运用工程地质类比法及理论计算法，对主要居民区是否受到坍岸危害，进行了最终坍岸宽度计算，对区内环境和地质问题进行了预测，在对区内各主要居民点及库区近岸区环境地质条件分析后，提出了以勘查与治理，运用生物工程及灾情预估等内容的减灾防灾对策。     

长江三峡工程库区宝塔坪滑坡前缘塌岸预测及防护

以长江三峡工程库区奉节宝塔坪滑坡为例，介绍滑坡前缘塌岩预测及防护工程设计方法，重点是石笼垫护坡设计。宝塔坪库岸段潜在的塌岸部位是滑坡前缘地带，该处阶地发育，仅第四系松散堆积物厚度即达50m以上。水库塌岸预测首先在滑坡前缘工程地质分带的基础上进行，对不同的分带用卡丘金法分别预测塌岸宽度，并对预测要点给予详细的说明。其次，分析了塌岩对滑坡稳定性的影响。这些工作揭示了滑坡体前缘防护的必要性。最后针对三峡水库运行特点及宝塔坪滑坡工程地质条件，确定滑坡前缘护坡工程方案，即自145－177m高程范围采用石笼垫和石笼挡土墙2类结构型式，并给出具体的设计方法。     

三峡水库区兴山县电厂滑坡Ⅰ成因与稳定性

在研究了三峡水库区兴山县电厂滑坡Ⅰ的工程地质及滑坡体基本特征的基础上,介绍了该滑坡的结构及变形特征。从滑坡形成条件、诱发变形因素两方面分析了滑坡形成的原因及诱发坡体失稳的主要因素;在诱发因素分析的基础上应用中国地质大学(武汉)研发的LaSa软件程序,对电厂滑坡Ⅰ进行稳定性分析计算。结果表明:在天然情况下,滑坡整体均处于稳定状态;在特定条件情况下,滑坡处于临界蠕滑或失稳状态。结合工程实际对滑坡治理进行初步研究,提出了一些可行的防治措施及建议。     

西南某滑坡成因机制及稳定性评价

根据对该滑坡的变形破坏特征及形成条件分析，其属滑移-拉裂型滑坡。在漫长地质历史时期．经受诸如地震、自重应力，构造应力、卸荷变形、降雨以及地下水等内外地质作用因素，斜坡岩体沿软弱结构面发生滑移变形，随着剪裂面上的拉应力集中而产生拉裂缝，一旦破坏面贯通，则导致滑坡破坏。变形发展可能具有间歇性。通过参数反演，对滑坡的稳定性进行了定量评价。从评价结果可见，在天然及暴雨情况下．滑坡均处于稳定状态。而在考虑地震时，其稳定性迅速降低，基本处于不稳状态。因此，对该大型滑坡进行合理的评价，科学的预测就显得非常必要。结合西南某滑坡的形态、结构特征，分析滑坡的形成机制；在成因机制分析基础上．采用不平衡推力法对该滑坡天然状态及不利组合条件下的稳定性进行评价，为滑坡治理设计提供了重要的地质依据。     

三峡水库区陈家沟滑坡地质特征与防治措施

在研究了三峡水库区奉节县陈家沟滑坡的工程地质条件及滑坡体基本特征的基础上，介绍了该滑坡的结构及变形特征。从滑坡形成条件、诱发变形因素两方面分析了滑坡形成的原因及诱发坡体失稳的主要因素；据岩土样品的试验值、现场大剪值，结合地区经验值及反算值，确定计算滑坡稳定性及剩余滑坡推力的抗剪强度参数，考虑到未来三峡水库蓄水，在不同工况下对滑坡体进行稳定性计算。结果表明：在天然及暴雨情况下，滑坡整体均处于稳定状态；次级滑坡体在饱水及水库蓄水后，处于临界蠕滑或失稳状态。结合工程实际对滑坡治理进行初步研究，提出回填压脚专档为幸捕以排水的综合治理措施。     

四川省南江县陈家湾滑坡稳定性分析及防治建议

由于山体的特殊地质背景及人类工程活动,四川省南江县陈家湾滑坡在平面位置上以中间山梁为界分为Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号滑坡及潜在不稳定斜坡。通过地质灾害勘查,研究了滑坡特征及其地质成因机制,并进行了稳定性分析评价。结果表明：仅Ⅰ号滑坡在暴雨工况下处于欠稳定状态。根据滑坡地形特征、稳定性分析结果,结合保护对象,对Ⅰ号滑坡提出了“抗滑桩+截水沟”和“预应力锚索+抗滑短桩+截水沟”两种防治方案。通过对比分析,推荐“抗滑桩+截水沟”为实施方案。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.