Vertical S waves in soil stratum over halfspace

An analytical model of a soil layer resting on a halfspace with vertically propagating shear waves is studied under a harmonic excitation on the surface. The soil is treated as a Kelvin-Voigt continuum, using the one-dimensional wave equation. The material parameters can be strain dependent. A hyperbolic model proposed by Hardin & Drnevich is used for describing the nonlinear stress-strain relationship. Based on this, a solution to a problem where thirty thousand people were jumping to the rhythm of rock music on the field in a stadium is given. The soil stratum is a 5–60m thick uniform soft high-plastic clay. The particle velocity was estimated to range from 22·5 mm/s to 45 mm/s in the first overtone. These velocity values exceeded the critical value, of 20 mm/s, of the German building code DIN 4150 which may explain the occurence of damages.     

粘性土地基在动荷载作用下变形分析

通过室内模型试验从宏观与微观结构讨论了粘性土地基分别在静载、动载作用下横向位移、竖向位移随深度的变化规律、地基应变与最大剪应变分布。分析研究了粘性土微结构动态环境能场、外部环境条件变化与其内在介质环境变化之间的密切关联。结果表明,动载比静载作用下的位移、应变、剪应变大得多,特别是对地基的浅表处影响不仅范围大而且深度加大。试验结果还表明偏湿土和受振动的土击数越多,对土的初始结构损伤越厉害,但土的后期结构强度有所提高。     

环向空间预应力结构模型振动台试验研究

某新建国际网球赛馆为大型空间预应力混合结构。其主赛馆看台为倒锥形现浇预应力混凝土结构,屋盖为开闭式钢结构。对该结构进行了缩尺模型的振动台试验,根据几何相似和预应力等效的原则,研究解决了小比例振动台模型中预应力筋配置和预应力施工的技术课题,探索了该类旋转对称、高宽比较小的空间结构不同于普通高层结构的振动测试布置方法。试验验证了这一结构以扭转为主的振型特点,揭示了环向预应力在保证结构维持罕遇地震作用下的整体性上的重要作用,并对工程作出了抗震性能评价。     

水下悬跨输流管道流致振动响应研究

水下输流管道是油气管输的重要组成部分,海床或河床受水流的冲蚀而出现管跨后在内外流的作用下引起振动,造成水下管道的动力破坏。为此,以水下管道悬跨段为研究对象,考虑内外流体与管道间的流固耦合作用,将管跨处理成等截面的直梁模型,两端入土端的约束等效为弹性支承,采用模态叠加法对其进行动态响应研究,通过算例分析了各种参数对涡激振动特性的影响,从计算结果看出,内外流流速、压力、轴向力、管跨结构参数对管跨的动态响应具有重要影响。本文分析方法对水下管跨的动态设计和可靠性分析评估具有参考价值。     

循环荷载作用下广西红黏土动力特性试验研究

针对广西上林县原状红黏土开展一系列循环加载动三轴试验,分析天然含水率、围压与固结应力比等对红黏土动力特性,包话动应力-动应变关系、动弹性模量以及阻尼比等的影响来研究循环荷载作用下红黏土的动力特性。试验结果表明:广西原状红黏土动应力-动应变关系曲线接近双曲线;由于初始剪应力的影响,达到相同的动应变,在均压固结下所需的动应力比在偏压固结下所需动应力要小;动弹性模量随着动应变的增加而减小,且减小幅度随应变增加逐渐减小,初始应力状态对动弹性模量的影响最为显著;固结应力比、围压、含水率和振动次数等对阻尼比均有影响,综合反映在阻尼比随动应变增加而减小,阻尼比离散性较大,取值范围在0.05~0.20之间。利用Konder双曲线模型对试验数据进行拟合,得到相关参数,可为广西地区原状红黏土动力特性设计和数值计算提供一定的理论和参数支持。     

豫东平原粉质黏土动剪切模量与阻尼比试验研究

粉质黏土动剪切模量和阻尼比是建筑场地动力稳定性评价的重要动力参数。为分析豫东平原粉质黏土的动力特性,利用双向振动三轴仪试验系统,对取自豫东平原地区的粉质黏土进行动三轴试验,研究粉质黏土状态及固结压力对动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响。研究发现:可塑粉质黏土(PSC)与软塑粉质黏土(SSC)的动力特性存在相近的变化趋势,动剪切模量比随剪应变的增大而减小,阻尼比随剪应变的增大而增大;在同一应变水平下,SSC的动剪切模量比随固结压力的增大而增大、PSC的阻尼比随固结压力的增大而增大;在相同试验条件下,PSC的最大动剪切模量大于SSC的最大动剪切模量;在剪应变小于0.01%时两者动剪切模量快速衰减,剪应变达到0.03%时两者动剪切模量趋于一致。根据现有的粉质黏土动剪切模量与阻尼比研究成果,结合试验数据,提出粉质黏土动剪切模量比、阻尼比随剪应变变化的数学模型,为豫东平原粉质黏土场地工程建设中的动力稳定性评价提供依据。     

昆明黏性土动力特性试验研究

对昆明地区黏性土进行室内的共振柱试验和动三轴试验,初步研究了该地区黏性土的动力特性,得出了不同初始固结比下黏性土的动强度曲线,比较了黏土与粉质黏土的动强度受固结应力比的差异,并对黏性土的动强度与破坏时其振动周数之间的关系曲线进行了拟合,给出了其数学表达式根据试验所得动强度包线的特征和动强度参数,分析了黏性土强度参数的变...     

双向动荷载下重塑红黏土动变形特性研究

利用SDT-20型三轴仪探究双向动荷载下红黏土动变形特性。结果表明:相位差为0其他条件相同时红黏土动剪切模量随径向动荷载幅值增加而减小;双向动荷载下红黏土动剪应变与振动次数近似呈指数型关系增长,并存在一个临界循环次数;随含水率升高和固结应力增大,重塑红黏土破坏模式由受拉破坏变为受压破坏;径向动荷载幅值的增加使重塑红黏土更容易发生受拉破坏;双向动荷载下阻尼比随动剪应变增加无明显规律,动剪应变小于1%时阻尼比的变化无规律,动剪应变大于1%时随动剪应变增加阻尼比处于稳定平衡阶段。含水率对阻尼比变化规律有明显影响,含水率小于20%时阻尼比随含水率增大而增大,含水率大于20%时其对阻尼比影响可以忽略。     

Structural vibration passive control and economic analysis of a high-rise building in Beijing

Performance analysis of the Pangu Plaza under earthquake and wind loads is described in this paper.The plaza is a 39-story steel high-rise building,191 m high,located in Beijing close to the 2008 Olympic main stadium.It has both fluid viscous dampers(FVDs) and buckling restrained braces or unbonded brace(BRB or UBB) installed.A repeated iteration procedure in its design and analysis was adopted for optimization.Results from the seismic response analysis in the horizontal and vertical directions show that th...     

Simplified discrete systems for dynamic analysis of structures on footings and piles

A simplified discrete system in the form of a simple oscillator is developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of a structure founded through footings or piles on compliant ground, under harmonic excitation. Exact analytical expressions for the fundamental natural period and the corresponding damping coefficients of the above system are derived, as function of geometry and the frequency-dependent foundation impedances. In an effort to quantify the coupling between swaying and rocking oscillations in embedded foundations such as piles, the reference system is translated from the footing–soil interface to the depth where the resultant soil reaction is applied, to ensure a diagonal impedance matrix. The resulting eccentricity is a measure of the coupling effect between the two oscillation modes. The amounts of radiation damping generated from a single pile and a surface footing are evaluated. In order to compare the damping of a structure on a surface footing and a pile, the notion of static and geometric equivalence is introduced. It is shown that a pile may generate significantly higher radiation damping than an equivalent footing, thus acting as an elementary protective system against seismic action.     

Green's function of support-excited structures with tuned-mass dampers derived by A perturbation method

A tuned-mass damper is a small damped spring-mass system which vibrates in resonance with the main structure to which it is attached so as to be able to dissipate vibration energy and reduce the structural response. In this paper, explicit forms of Green's function for the transient response of main structures equipped with the tuned-mass damper and subjected to support excitation are derived by perturbation techniques and provide an insight into the characteristics of the damper. It is found that there exists a critical damping level for the tuned-mass damper. If the damper damping is higher than this critical damping level, increasing the damper damping will enhance the structural response. When the damper damping is below this critical value, something called ‘beat phenomenon’ occurs where the structure will have a smaller response in the first beat cycle, but have a higher rebound in the following beat cycles.     

四川盆地场地土动力学参数统计研究

四川盆地地震构造环境相对稳定,主要遭受近场中强地震和外围大地震的影响。盆地内第四系主要为河流相的砂卵石层夹粘土、粉土层,分布于成都平原及盆地内外河流两岸。这种地层在土层地震反应计算时往往产生一个峰值,具有显著的放大作用。本文收集共计123组土动力学参数的实验资料,统计分析了淤泥质土、粉质粘土、粘土、粉土、细砂和全风化泥岩等6种土类实测土动力学参数,给出了它们在不同深度下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值。并且将统计值和"94"规范值与袁晓铭推荐值[9]进行了对比分析,结果表明在盆地内使用规范值和推荐值会对工程的抗震设防产生不利影响。该研究成果对盆地内各类工程建设的工程场地地震安全性评价工作具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

应变控制下深层黏土动弹性模量与阻尼比试验研究

为研究天津滨海新区深层黏土动力特性,借助GDS动三轴仪器对应变控制条件下天津滨海新区深层黏土的动弹性模量及阻尼比的变化规律进行研究。每组试验中将相应深度土体上覆土层压力作为试验围压,其间只改变控制应变进行循环三轴试验。试验结果表明,土体动弹性模量、阻尼比受围压影响有一个限值,超过这个限值(约3倍参考围压),围压对土体动弹性模量、阻尼比影响很小,但土体动应变对其影响较大。     

相对密实度对含黏粒砂土动剪切模量与阻尼比影响的试验研究

利用GCTS共振柱系统开展一系列含黏粒砂土的动力特性试验,研究相对密实度对含黏粒砂土动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响,并探讨其影响规律.试验结果表明:相对密实度对动剪切模量、动剪切模量比、阻尼比、最大动剪切模量均有影响.动剪切模量随着相对密实度的增加而变大,但动剪切模量增大的幅度更大;当黏粒含量较小时,动剪切模量比随相对密实度...     

High strain dynamic modulus and damping of chemically grouted sand

Laboratory resonant column and cyclic triaxial tests are performed to determine the dynamic response (i.e. shear modulus and damping) of chemically grouted sand. The effect of chemical grouting is evaluated as a function of shearing-strain amplitude, confining stress, cycling prestrain, number of cycles, grout type, concentration, and curing time. The test results show that the shearing-strain amplitude, grout type and grout concentration have significant effects on the shear modulus and damping ratio of the test specimens. The increased addition of sodium silicate grout, which produces stiff gels, improved the shear modulus of the test sand. The acrylate (AC-400) and polyurethane (CG5610) grout, which produces flexible (rubber-like) gels, improved the damping capacity of the sand with increasing grout concentration. The addition of chemical grout greatly reduces the effect of cyclic prestraining over untreated sands. In the case of dense sands, the reduction of cyclic prestraining is less pronounced than in loose sands, which have a higher potential for particle movement and reorientation.     

Magnetic properties of the Tertiary red clay from Gansu

The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loesspaleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pedogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eolian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2–4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important environmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition.     

Magnetic properties of the Tertiary red clay from Gansu Province, China and its paleoclimatic significance

The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loess- paleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pe-dogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eo-lian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2-4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important envi-ronmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition.     

体育场震后修复再建中混凝土结构消能减震设计研究

以往是用高层建筑防屈曲支撑的混凝土减震加固方法,以加固震后体育场混凝土结构的防屈曲支撑力为重点,存在的问题是未考虑结构不同部位节点的防屈曲消能减震支撑性能,加固效果差,需要深入研究混凝土结构建筑加固措施,提高震后体育场修复质量。研究采用基于性能和需求的消能减震设计方法,合理布置混凝土的消能支撑结构,在混凝土结构中底层节点设置防屈曲消能减震支撑,其他节点设置黏滞阻尼器,获取最佳阻尼器设置方案,提高结构减震加固效果。仿真实验说明,EL-Centro(NS)地震波和Newhall地震波情况下,所研究方法设计的消能减震新结构平均顶点侧移值分别比原结构小62 mm和110 mm;在不同震级的情况下,节点间位移角新结构小于原结构,说明该方法设计的体育场修复中混凝土结构减震稳定性强,是一种有效的减震加固方法。     

大连地区场地土动力学参数初步研究

通过收集近年来大连地区地震安全性评价报告中土动力学参数的实验资料,统计分析粉质粘土、淤泥质粉质粘土、粘土、中砂、碎石、回填土和全风化板岩等7类土的实测动力学参数,给出了它们的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值.然后,选取典型钻孔并建立了土层地震反应分析模型,分别运用本文统计值、94规范值(即原大连地震小区划的土动力学参数值)和袁晓铭等(2000)的推荐值进行土层地震反应计算,并将计算结果中的地表峰值加速度和反应谱形状进行了比较.结果表明,本文的统计值与袁晓铭等( 2000)的推荐值非常接近,而与94规范值有很大的差别.