大比例尺彩色地貌晕渲图的生成技术

以中国南极长城站站区彩色地貌晕渲生成为例,分析基于Atlas3D的大比例尺彩色地貌晕渲图的优缺点,并提出两种主要计算机晕渲方式相结合生成大比例尺彩色地貌晕渲图的技术和方法.     

大型彩色地貌晕渲图的自动生成技术研究

阐述了计算机地貌晕渲的基本原理 ,提出了一个实现地貌晕渲图自动绘制的方案。实践证明 ,该方法能快速、自动地生成大幅面的、满足印刷出版要求和用作专题地理信息系统基础底图的彩色地貌晕渲图 ,适合大规模彩色地貌晕渲图生产     

高质量晕渲图制作技术研究

晕渲法是表现地貌的一种直观形象的方法,在地图产品中广泛使用。本文从晕渲的原理、晕渲生成的参数控制、晕渲的图像处理、彩色晕渲图的制作方法等方面探讨了高质量晕渲图的制作技术。     

地貌晕渲中光源使用方法与用色规则的研究

研究了设计彩色地貌晕渲图的交互式人机协同方法，并着重对晕渲中灰度值和色彩的调整方法进行改进和试验。试验表明，利用该方法制作的彩色地貌晕渲效果比单光源彩色地貌晕渲有较大的改善。     

基于Arc/Info的地貌晕渲法的技术和实践

根据地貌晕渲基本理论和技术,利用Arc/Info制作了彩色晕渲图,并探讨了不同参数下的晕渲效果,最后还尝试了将晕渲图加载到表面视图,以从不同的角度来观察地貌形态。     

用黑白晕渲稿印彩色晕渲图的原理和方法

本文叙述的是如何通过一定的制版处理,利用黑白晕渲稿在图上印出彩色晕渲。一、问题的提出在以往的大量地图中,采用晕渲法表现地形地势都是在一色底色上用灰色印晕渲。在印刷过程中,晕渲专有一版。这种方法,从工作上看增加了一块印刷版;从效果上看也不够理想,印出的晕渲对地形地势的表达能力不强。要解决这个问题,只有用彩色晕渲代替黑白晕渲。彩色晕渲虽然好,但做起来比较困难,因为印     

基于熵的彩色晕渲图设色方案辅助设计

在熵理论和地图分级评价模型的基础上,提出了基于熵的彩色晕渲图设色方案辅助设计方法,并进行了晕渲制图实验.从客观信息量测定和主观评价结果的分析表明,本文方法制作的晕渲图色彩过渡自然,地形区分明显,层次清晰,能更好地表达地貌形态.     

大幅面彩色晕渲图制作技术研究

结合生产实际对大幅面彩色晕渲图制作技术进行了全面深入地探讨。     

基于ArcGIS的地貌晕渲图制作

地貌晕渲图是直观反映地形地貌的有效手段。地貌晕渲的生成技术、生产流程和表达形式,是晕渲图制作的关键环节。讨论了地貌晕渲的基本理论以及数字地貌晕渲的生产技术,并以ArcGIS技术平台为依托,重点研究晕渲图的生产过程。     

基于DEM的彩色地貌晕渲的制作

本文围绕计算机环境下数字地貌晕渲实现的理论与技术展开了探讨,论述了数字地貌晕渲的相关理论,介绍了数字地貌彩色晕渲色彩设计的基本方法,对数字地貌晕渲的技术过程进行了深入研究。     

Assessing the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Map Colour for Colour Impairments Using an Eye-tracking Approach

Colour impairments influences access to geographical information which is usually represented by colour maps. Three dimensions of colour: Hue, Saturation and Value (HSV), are intuitive and most critical visual variables in map design. In this paper, we specifically focus on colour deficiency of red-green colour impairments. A controlled experiment was designed and conducted to explore how three colour dimensions (HSV) affect the abilities of people with normal colour vision or with red-green colour impairments to distinguish colours in maps. An eye-tracking approach was applied to quantify the accuracy and response time by capturing user eye movements to analyse the effectiveness and efficiency. In this study, we used one section of the administrative map of Hebei Province to test participant responses to area features. Differences of effectiveness and efficiency across normal colour vision and red-green colour impairments were compared. Multiple comparisons among Hue, Saturation and Value were analysed. Results show that for both normal colour vision and red-green colour impairments, Hue is the most differentiable than Saturation and Value. Saturation and Value are at the same level to be differentiated and more difficult to be distinguished. Guidelines of designing maps for both normal colour vision and red-green colour impairments were derived. The results of this study can be helpful to improve the map designs for colour deficiency.     

An Artificial Bee Colony-based Algorithm to Automatically Create Colour Schemes for Geovisualizations

Creating appropriate colour schemes is challenging for both novice and experienced cartographers. This paper introduces an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to automatically create various colour schemes. Colour scheme creation is treated as a constrained search problem in a continuous colour space. We considered the gamut of the target device and a series of cartographic rules, such as convention, discrimination, contrast, perceptual uniformity and brightness mirror, in the ABC algorithm and presented detailed initialization, fitness definition, local exploration, and global exploration methods for creating qualitative, sequential and diverging colour schemes. The proposed method is evaluated with a case study, and the results indicate that compared with the brute force search method, the proposed method can create satisfying colour schemes of similar quality but significantly improved efficiency.     

Colour – Difficult to Both Choose and Use in Practice

Abstract

Colour is a very important visual variable and is often used for the communication of information in maps, graphics and diagrams. In cartography, the use of colour, in both a traditional and an electronic medium, has been widely discussed. With the growing use of a range of computer software (cartographic, remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and more recently the Internet or World Wide Web) as the main environment in which to design and create maps, and the availability of more sophisticated hardware, there is now an even greater opportunity and freedom of choice to make use of colour as a vital component in the communication of spatial information. The question is how to handle all these colours. This paper explores the importance of both the choice and use of colour in a paper and an electronic medium, and examines some of the ways in which more careful choice of colour can be encouraged in practice to ensure that the growing freedom of use considers the correct use of colour.     

Colour Hue and Texture Evaluation for 3D Symbolization of Indoor Environments Using RGB-D Data

In this work an evaluation procedure of the use of colour hue and texture for 3D symbolization of indoor environments using RGB-D data is presented. The main characteristics of the proposed method involve RGB-D cameras to collect colour and depth data and the evaluation of the visual variables colour hue and texture combined with visual aspects such as lighting and camera configuration for the symbolization of 3D indoor environments. High quality coloured point clouds of indoor environments are obtained with the Kinect sensor and then registered and processed in order to create 3D models. These sets of point clouds can be detected, recognized and classified under one of the three following main categories: ceiling, wall or floor. After classification is done, the resulting point clouds are properly treated as 3D triangular meshes in the MeshLab software. These meshes are then filtered to form complete surfaces which are then refined before being considered for visual variable application. We evaluated the proposed method on several indoor environments to show that it efficiently combines the colour and depth data obtained from RGB-D cameras with different parameters defined for the visual variables colour hue and texture for 3D symbolization of indoor environments.     

地图色彩的重要性及其应用

明确色彩在地图中的作用,更好地利用色彩的特性及其相互间的配色,提高地图的艺术性和使用价值。     

Visual interpretation of landsat-1 imagery of central and southern districts of Haryana state,India

LANDSAT-MSS data in the form of a false colour composite image at a scale of 1:250,000 has been used to produce terrain unit maps of parts of north west India. The area of study consisted of central and southern districts of Haryana State. It has been possible to obtain a qualitative assessment of land use patterns and surface hydrology by means of visual Interpretation. The boundaries between differeat terrain units and moisture regimes were clearly discernible It is felt that comparative studies of false colour infrared imagery over a period of time can provide valuable Information for those engaged in reclamation schemes. In particular, the data can be used to plan reclamation of salt affected and waterlogged lands in semi-arid zones of states like Haryana.     

彩色图像的层次复制函数

以现代彩色复制理论为基础，根据原稿、分色过程、油墨、印刷过程对印刷品层次的影响，建立了彩色复制各环节之间图像层次传递的函数关系，并用Ｃ语言编写了计算机程序，用以计算彩色分色所需要的分色数据和绘制分色曲线     

A COMPARISON OF AERIAL FILMS IN THE STUDY OF THE BREIDAMERKUR GLACIER AREA, ICELAND

During the summer of 1965, colour, false colour, infra-red and panchromatic photography was flown of the Breidamerkur Glacier area in south-east Iceland. Subsequent comparative interpretation studies of the film types have indicated that colour photography is superior for the interpretation of glacierized? areas. This is attributed to brightness qualities and a continuous colour tone range, which, in this instance, closely matched visual representation of ground objects. The false colour film, due to the striking tonal qualities of vegetation and moisture, is considered best for studies involving the delimitation of these features. Panchromatic film appears to be satisfactory for general interpretation work, particularly where the utmost in definition is called for. The infra-red film, because of the dark tones produced by gravels and the subsequent high contrasts between ice and gravel debris on the ice surface, is considered a poor choice for the interpretation of glacierized areas.     

THE USE OF COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY FOR LARGE-SCALE MAPPING

Ordnance Survey experimental work has shown that colour film developed to a reversed positive image is best suited to the photogrammetric problems of large-scale mapping. Tests have shown no difference in accuracy between maps produced from colour photography and those produced from monochrome photography. The economy of using colour photography in this field has yet to he demonstrated.