福建滨海旅游发展中的文化问题

滨海旅游已成为世界休闲体验旅游的热点。发展福建滨海旅游有利于福建文化的彰显和传承。本文分析了福建滨海旅游在发展过程中的文化优势和文化制肘，然后从文化角度提出几点开发思路。     

河北省滨海旅游发展动力系统的因子分析

河北省滨海旅游在全省旅游业中占有重要地位。了解有哪些因素在推动河北省滨海旅游的发展,这些因素以何种组织关联构成一个动力系统,是确定河北省滨海旅游未来发展战略的必然要求。通过对河北省滨海旅游发展现状的分析,探讨其滨海旅游发展的动力系统,运用因子分析法对该省滨海旅游发展动力因子进行量化计算,根据计算结果对提取的主因子进行解释并提出相关建议,以期推动河北省滨海旅游的科学发展。     

滨海湿地公园旅游差异化设计

滨海湿地公园是保护滨海湿地的一种有效措施,旅游差异化是提高滨海湿地公园市场影响力、增强市场竞争力的有效方式。以迈克尔·波特的一般性战略理论为依据,针对滨海湿地公园规划设计中旅游产品竞争力问题进行深入研究,提出了滨海湿地公园规划设计的2个旅游差异化类型和4个差异化设计原则。条件差异化和创新差异化是滨海湿地公园规划设计中的两个旅游差异化类型,而"高度""深度""广度""亮度"的"四度"原则是实现旅游差异化产品设计的具体实施办法。     

两层次定量评价法在滨海旅游资源评价中的应用——以广西滨海为例

针对以往滨海旅游资源综合评价中存在的不足,吸纳海洋科学的研究成果,结合海洋观测资料和滨海旅游资源调查大量数据,构建两层次定量评价方法,从旅游资源的开发价值和潜在开发价值两个方面,针对3类旅游资源(水体—沙滩类、生态类、人文类)分别建立评价指标。应用SPSS和ARCVIEW软件,采用聚类和空间分析方法,对旅游资源开发价值和潜在开发价值的空间分布、组合进行定量研究。研究认为,两层次定量评价法能充分考虑到旅游资源开发的过程性,针对滨海旅游资源的特点,定量地评价滨海旅游资源的现实价值和潜在开发价值,能准确地识别滨海潜在旅游区。结果显示,广西滨海旅游资源类型丰富、现实价值和潜在开发价值高,且旅游资源分布相对集中,便于开发利用。     

福建滨海旅游发展中的文化问题

滨海旅游已成为世界休闲体验旅游的热点.发展福建滨海旅游有利于福建文化的彰显和传承.本文分析了福建滨海旅游在发展过程中的文化优势和文化制肘,然后从文化角度提出几点开发思路.     

世界滨海海岛地区旅游开发经验借鉴

就全世界各滨海海岛旅游发展状况来说,发达国家地区相对比较成熟,如地中海、爱琴海和加勒比海地区等,因起步时间较早,经历了初期的探索以及高速发展时期的巩固,目前无论发展理念、功能层次、还是系统组织形式以及整体营销策略等方面均领先世界.与世界其他国家相比较,我国滨海旅游尚处于发展增长阶段,不仅旅游产品层次结构高低不平衡,而且滨海海岛景观资源价值未能充分体现,根据我国总体经济持续增长发展态势预测,未来旅游业发展同样会持续增长,而滨海旅游将会在目前状态下,无论是资源利用深度或是品味等级层次都必然进一步得到拓展.根据世界滨海海岛地区旅游发展情况,本文归纳分析了其功能层次、发展理念、组织形式等方面经验,并就其对我国滨海海岛旅游开发的借鉴意义做了一定探讨.     

深圳滨海旅游资源开发研究

论述深圳开发滨海旅游资源的必要性和意义,分析其资源特点及开发利用现状提出了深圳滨海旅游资源开发应遵循大型化、高档化、人本化、差异化及区域联合的策略.对深圳东、西滨海岸线的开发布局进行了规划,将东部岸线划分5个旅游区域,西部滨海岸线划分为4个区域,为深圳滨海岸线的开发提供了依据.     

基于滨海环境资源特点的大连旅游承载状态评价

旅游环境承载力涉及多维度属性相互制约影响,而传统方法中对于各属性间影响程度及游客偏好选择的判定则较多依赖于个体的主观感知。因此,针对处理多属性综合评价中存在的模糊性及主观性,提出基于蒙特卡罗模拟修正的模糊综合评价模型。结果表明,借助上述模糊综合评价修正模型针对大连滨海旅游环境承载力进行解释与分析,成功缓解了在模型度量与数据分析环节所出现的主观偏误缺陷,从而有效提升了大连市滨海旅游景区有关阈值综合评价体系的科学性与稳健性。评价结果表明,当前大连市滨海旅游环境承载力状态可以判定为“适载”;在影响滨海旅游环境承载力的6项要素中,游憩环境要素与气候要素的评价分数较高,最低评分数值指标为景区游客管理状态。     

长乐市旅游资源利用现状及开发构想

福建省长乐市具有较丰富的旅游资源，为该市实现滨海旅游城市的目标提供了可能性。本文通过对长乐市旅游资源的调查分析，阐述了目前该市旅游资源的利用现状及存在的问题，并提出相应的对策。     

基于全球变化视角的滨海旅游资源可持续发展对策研究(英文)

滨海旅游是最传统的、主要的旅游形式,也是现代旅游增长最快的领域,在国内外均具有举足轻重的地位。全球变化很可能是由人类活动引起,并且影响着旅游业的发展。旅游业通过使用交通运输系统尤其是航空旅行、旅游目的地住宿餐饮等活动排放大量温室气体,对全球变化做出贡献。可持续滨海旅游以可持续的资源开发和管理为基础,在全球变化视角下,要达到这一目标,需要在滨海旅游模式与产品类型转变、旅游资源利用方式转变、利益相关者协作等方面对滨海旅游资源进行优化开发和有效管理:以绿色思维指导低碳旅游模式,发展生态旅游和替代性旅游等新型产品;提倡降碳减排、发展碳补偿和碳经济、制定碳排放标准、鼓励新型节油节能科技应用;鼓励社区参与,平衡利益相关者的收益和兴趣,尤其是探察当地社区居民、旅游者和政府工作人员对全球变化的看法、态度、责任感和共识。这些措施将在规划—管理—监督—评估动态模型中得到优化。由于相关研究的可用数据有限,本文所引用数据部分来自于对旅游整体的研究结果,是为不足之处。     

盐城沿海地区生态旅游资源及其开发

针对自然保护区地处偏僻以及资金投入不足等管理现状问题,可以考虑利用生态旅游的理念来解决保护生态环境和发展经济的两难问题。江苏省盐城沿海地区气候宜人、地理位置优越,是2个国家级自然保护区所在地,再加上该区有世界著名的辐射沙洲、广阔的滩涂景观以及海边特有渔村风情等具有较强吸引力的旅游资源,是利用新理念发展生态旅游的理想场所。文章探讨了该区的主要生态旅游资源,并对其科学合理的开发作了一定的设计,探索了一些开发思路、模式,指出,只要按照发展生态旅游的基本思想,制定科学管理方法,发展生态旅游,可以使该区进入经济和生态效益的双赢良性循环之中。     

基于多源遥感的莺歌海滨岸环境特征分析

采用综合多源遥感方法提取地表信息,结合文献资料和实地调查数据探讨莺歌海滨岸带地面要素的分布特征及其相互关系.主要讨论了综合激光雷达(LiDAR)、极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)、光学和光谱遥感数据进行地表信息提取的适用方法,包括建立精细潮位线模型、近岸微地貌模型,并进行沙化土地、植被、湿地的提取与分类;分析了莺歌海滨岸区的海岸形态、土地退化、湿地与植被分布以及自然景观结构的特征.研究表明,综合遥感方法能有效地支持地表环境特征提取;研究区内滩涂和湿地资源利用不合理;存在较高的土地退化风险;湿地开发与盐场生产活动为人地关系的核心矛盾.最后提出了相关的综合治理建议.     

Cladocerans and chironomids as indicators of lake level changes in north temperate lakes

Water level fluctuations affect the size of the pelagic zone relative to the size of littoral habitats, and thus may influence the relative abundance of remains from planktonic and littoral cladocerans in sediment. The application of this planktonic/littoral ratio for the reconstruction of past water level changes is discussed using examples of: (1) surficial profundal sediments from lakes of different water depths; (2) Holocene variation in a profundal sediment core; (3) horizontal variation in surficial sediments within a lake; and (4) long term variation in an inshore sediment core. The latter seemed to be the most promising application of this ratio. Maximum effects of water depth changes on the lake fauna are expected in the littoral zone. It is, however, difficult to read this effect directly from subfossil cladoceran and chironomid assemblages from inshore sediments as shown by a sediment profile from a site exposed to a long term decrease of water depth.     

The goals and principles of differentiation of the littoral landscapes of Lake Baikal

We examine the main principles of the landscape approach to studying underwater landscapes of Lake Baikal's littoral zone. Such an analysis of the littoral makes it possible to determine the specific character of development of the lake and explains the unique biodiversity of its inhabitants, in the presence of low mineralization of water.     

近20年来中国滨海地带区域经济分异特点研究

以地级行政区为地域单元,采用多指标综合作为衡量指标,对中国滨海地带经济地域分异特征即经济发展水平的峰谷相间特征进行了研究。首先研究了峰谷相间地域格局的发育过程;然后探讨了区域产业结构和城市化水平的时序演化特征;最后总结了上述时序过程和空间过程的时空关联特征。研究的结果表明,中国滨海地带已经形成了区域之间、区域组合之间、南与北之间多层次的地域经济分异。     

Littoral cladoceran community reassembly following the cessation of disturbance

The process of recovery from environmental impact provides insights into factors that drive community assembly. This study investigated community reassembly following perturbation, using littoral cladoceran microfossils. Whole-lake experimental manipulations of acids and nutrients in Lake 302N (L302N; 1972–1997) and acids in Lake 223 (L223; 1976–1994) at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA; Ontario, Canada), provided an opportunity to use the sediment record to reconstruct the trajectory of recovery. Comparison was made to unmanipulated Lake 377 (L377) to estimate changes in regional baseline conditions. Recovery was evaluated at both the species and community level, using univariate and multivariate metrics. Up to 14 years after cessation of acid and nutrient additions, and following chemical recovery to pH > 6.5, both L302N and L223 littoral cladoceran communities failed to recover to their pre-manipulation states. Multivariate metrics demonstrated hysteresis along the recovery trajectory, and the movement to alternative states in littoral cladoceran communities in both lakes. The most recent littoral cladoceran community structure, reconstructed from the paleorecord, is driven by the persistence of species from the acidification period, suggesting biological resistance. Recovery states differed between L302N and L223, although their initial, pre-manipulation littoral cladoceran community structures were similar, reflecting multiple, independent recovery trajectories. Independent recovery trajectories are at odds with previous findings, which suggest that dispersal from an egg bank should support deterministic recovery trajectories. We conclude that littoral cladoceran microfossils can be used effectively to determine the community state with recovery and compare it to the pre-manipulation condition, particularly with the use of multivariate metrics.     

Sedimentary indicators of lake-level changes in the humid temperate zone: a critical review

Evidence for lake-level changes derived from stratigraphic sequences in cores from littoral zones is reviewed in the context of lake sedimentation processes. These are illustrated with published case-studies which have used multiple-core data. Possible approaches for choosing optimum sites are examined. Sedimentation controls which may change over time are also considered; these include, wind strength and frequency, wind exposure, water depth and underwater slopes, sediment type and littoral vegetation. A final section discusses how lake-level studies can be optimised so that results can be used with confidence in paleoclimatic and paleohydrological reconstructions. Sedimentary data showing shifts in littoral vegetation along shallow underwater gradients in sheltered margins, and transitions between sediment compositions linked to specific hydrological conditions give the strongest lines of evidence.     

Response of littoral chironomid communities and organic matter to late glacial lake—level,vegetation and climate changes at Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany,Italy)

This study focuses on the response of lacustrine littoral chironomid communities to late glacial changes in limnological, environmental and climate conditions in the Mediterranean context. Late glacial chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) assemblages, organic petrography and geochemistry were analysed in a sediment core from the littoral zone of Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany, Italy), where the lake-level fluctuations and the vegetation history have been previously reconstructed. Comparison of the chironomid stratigraphy to other proxies (pollen assemblages, organic petrography and geochemistry, lake-level) and regional climate reconstruction suggested the predominant influence of lake-level changes on the littoral chironomid fauna. The main lowering events that occurred during the Oldest and the Younger Dryas were followed by higher proportions of taxa typical of littoral habitats. A complementary study of organic matter suggested the indirect impact of lake-level on the chironomids through changes in humic status and habitat characteristics, such as the type of substrate and aquatic macrophyte development. Several chironomid taxa, such as Glyptotendipes, Microtendipes and Cricotopus type patens, were identified as possible indicators of low lake-level in the late glacial records. Nevertheless, this study suggested that parallel analyses of organic matter and chironomid assemblages may be needed to circumvent misinterpretation of littoral chironomid assemblage stratigraphy. There was a weak response of the chironomid assemblages to small lake-level lowerings that corresponded to the Older Dryas and Preboreal oscillations. A higher level of determination, e.g. to the species group level, may be necessary to increase the sensibility of the indicators to lake-level changes.     

里海的国际法状态:成因、关键要素及对区域安全的影响

里海的国际法状态争执有着深刻的历史渊源。苏联解体后,里海的国际法状态迄今为止仍未解决,争执的内容包括水域划分和渔业通航等问题,矿产资源开发和海底划界、生态安全是里海划界过程中的核心内容。在这一过程中,逐渐形成了新的区域利益集团,这不仅影响该地区安全格局,影响着里海国际法状态的最终解决,也进一步影响着该地区地缘政治经济发展。