内蒙古大青山地区枣儿沟角度不整合的发现与美岱召岩群的建立——孔兹岩系之上的古元古代浅变质地层

内蒙古大青山地区是华北克拉通北缘西段以孔兹岩系发育为特征的早前寒武纪变质杂岩发育地区之一。区内，除大面积出露的孔兹岩系之外，还残存有一套由各种石英岩、变粒岩组成的浅变质碎屑沉积地层，前人将其划归乌拉山岩群第四岩组或高角闪岩相孔兹岩系。笔者通过详细的地质填图，发现这套浅变质地层以角度不整合覆盖在孔兹岩系之上，应是孔兹岩系经历了下地壳麻粒岩相变质变形并隆升到地表之后沉积的，形成时代为古元古代，并把这套浅变质地层定名为美岱召岩群。     

高级变质区岩石地层系统建立的思考与实践——以内蒙古大青山—乌拉山地区为例

作者通过两个项目的区域地质调查研究，在大青山—乌拉山及其邻区重建了早前寒武纪地层系统，将新建的美岱召岩群列入古元古代。对区内高级变质岩石地层进行重组，在麻粒岩系中划分了2个岩组，归并为桑干岩群，将乌拉山岩群划分为上、下两个亚岩群，下亚岩群片麻岩系，上亚岩群相当于集宁群，可称孔兹岩系。提出本区高级变质区的主期构造是穹形构造与穹间褶皱群构造组合样式(简称“穹—褶”构造)，确立了大型顺层滑脱构造系统是决定高级变质岩石地层空间分布、组成特征和相互关系的关键因素，提出了研究高级变质岩石地层系统建立的方法与步骤。     

内蒙古大青山-乌拉山地区高级变质杂岩中的陡倾叶理带——造山作用的产物

内蒙古大青山-乌拉山地区的高级变质杂岩是华北克拉通北缘西段怀安-贺兰山麻粒岩相地体的一部分,以孔兹岩系的发育为特征.这些高级变质杂岩经历了十分复杂的变形变质作用改造,构造特征十分复杂.近年来的研究发现,近东西向陡倾叶理带是该区高级变质杂岩中保存完好的一种主要构造形式,规模巨大,以密集的近东西向陡倾叶理和直立褶皱的发育为特征,反映了地壳挤压收缩环境下的纯剪切变形,其上叠加了深构相右行走滑剪切带.陡倾叶理带形成于角闪岩相-角闪麻粒岩相构造环境中,叠加在早期近水平顺层滑脱变形和穹形构造之上,是古元古代末期叠加造山作用的产物.     

阿尔金-昆仑山地区区域地质调查成果与进展

瓦石峡幅、阿尔金山幅将原划古元古界“阿尔金群”的变质岩系解体为变质表壳岩和变质深成侵入岩2部分，并按岩性组合、变形变质特征等将变质表壳岩进一步划分为米兰岩群和阿尔金岩群。米兰岩群经历了中-高压角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质作用的改造，而阿尔金岩群经历了绿片岩-角闪岩相     

阴山地区前寒武纪变质岩石地层序列

作者等从１９９０年开始，在研究阴山地区前寒武纪变质岩群年代构造格架过程中，采用“构造－地（岩）层－事件法”和变质岩构造解析的方法，对阴山地区前寒琥系重新进行了厘定，采用单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ，Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线同位素测年方法对各岩群进行了测定，初步建立了阴山地区的前寒武纪变质岩群的年代构造格架，将阴山地区前寒武纪岩石地层序列划分为；中太古代兴和岩群，晚太古代集宁群／乌拉山岩群，色尔腾山群，古元古代层侵纪     

内蒙古大青山地区孔兹岩系的地层结构

内蒙古大青山地区普遍发育由孔兹岩系、黑云角闪片麻岩系、麻粒岩系和侵位其中的变质深成岩构成的高级变质杂岩。由于多期强烈的变形变质作用，区内孔慈岩系的地层结构十分复杂。近几年的1：5万区调研究查明，孔慈岩系是以构造不整合覆盖在麻粒岩系之上的一套高级变质地层，主要由榴云片麻岩岩组、透辉片麻岩岩组、大理岩岩组组成。它们均遭受了早期下地壳麻粒岩相环境的近水平顺层韧性剪切变形和后期高角闪岩相条件的近南北和近东西向构造变形，分别导致孔慈岩系变质地层的“岩层缺失、隔层相触”、“犬牙交错、搀杂产出”特征，对这些变质地层早期结构的恢复发现，区内孔慈岩系各岩组之间均以近水平剪切界面接触，表现为由近水平剪切界面所围限的透镜状地层岩片堆垛而成的地层结构。     

大青山太古宙高级变质岩近水平顺层伸展变形——地球上早期的伸展构造

内蒙古大青山—乌拉山位于华北克拉通北缘,是我国高级区发育较好的区域之一。区内高级变质杂岩总体上呈近东西向延伸,经历多期变质变形作用改造。近水平顺层伸展变形是高级变质杂岩中最早的塑性流动变形作用,发生在下地壳麻粒岩相环境下。变形作用伴随麻粒岩相变质作用、深熔作用,形成了顺层滑动韧性变形带、穹隆构造、层内底辟褶皱和L构造岩等构造形迹组合。这期变形作用不仅导致区内的孔兹岩系和麻粒岩系以近水平构造面接触,也造成孔兹岩系中各个地层单位具有以透镜状岩片堆叠的地层结构,并且还伴随有不同类型的深熔片麻岩形成。近水平顺层伸展变形作用的确立,对研究早前寒武纪高级区地壳形成演化和高级变质地层构造格架的建立具有重要的理论意义。     

乌拉山—大青山地区太古宙地层的混合岩化—重熔特征及地质意义

内蒙乌拉山—大青山地区太古界混合岩化—重熔作用 ,随地质时代不同发育特征不同。上太古界乌拉山岩群主要发育重熔条带 ,局部出现重熔 ;中太古界集宁岩群有百分之五十发生了重熔 ;下太古界兴和岩群几乎全部被熔融 ,只残留了部分偏基性的难熔组分。现在的兴和岩群只代表兴和期火山—沉积岩石组合的一少部分。     

内蒙古大青山-乌拉山地区孔兹岩系的早期变质地层结构——下地壳近水平顺层滑脱变形的产物

近年来孔兹岩系作为高级变质岩区一套特征性的变质沉积岩石组合而受到广泛关注，但其变质地层结构及其相关的构造作用和构造样式还不为人所了解。通过对内蒙古大青山一乌拉山地区以孔兹岩系发育为特征的高级变质杂岩的研究发现，区内孔兹岩系自下而上由3个岩石地层单位组成：榴云片麻岩岩组、透辉片麻岩岩组和大理岩岩组，表现出由细碎屑沉积-碎屑沉积和钙质化学沉积的混合物-镁质碳酸盐组成的沉积旋回。这些变质地层不仅遭受到具有近等温降压顺时针P-T演化特征的麻粒岩相变质作用的改造，同时，还遭受到近水平顺层滑脱变形构造、穹-褶构造和近东西向陡倾叶理带这三种构造形式为主的多期变形的改造。由此，这些变质地层在空间上多以不规则条带状、不规则团块状或透镜状形式出露，同时，各地层单位在空间上具有“犬牙交错，参差产出”，“岩层缺失，隔层相触”的特征。研究结果表明，区内孔兹岩系目前的产出状态及“犬牙交错，参差产出”的特征是穹-褶构造尤其是近东西向陡倾叶理带叠加改造的结果，在消除其改造的影响后可以确定，由于近水平顺层滑脱变形改造的结果，这些变质地层发生“岩层缺失，隔层相触”，在空间上表现为以近水平的长轴近东西向的扁豆体堆叠而成的早期变质地层结构，这是高级变质地层所特有的变质地层结构。     

内蒙古中部大青山-乌拉山地区早前寒武系研究的重要进展及对高级变质区开展地层工作的几点建议

介绍了1996-2003年期间,通过内蒙古大青山-乌拉山地区1:5万和1:25万区域地质调查,在本区早前寒武纪地层尤其是高级变质地层研究方面取得的重要进展.这些进展是:重建了一个由4个岩群12个岩组构成的早前寒武纪地层系统;发现了枣儿沟角度不整合面和新建了古元古代的美岱召岩群;提出了适合高级变质地层发育区地层工作的"构造-岩层-事件法"的工作思路和方法.在这一思路和方法指导下,明确了本区构造样式演化与高级区地层系统重建的关系,提出了主期构造决定岩石地层现今展布特征,早期构造造成地层组成、结构特征、空间叠置及接触关系性质,后期构造导致区内高级变质地层局部复杂化和再造的基本规律性的认识.最后对高级区开展地层研究提出4点建议.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861