Biofacies of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments of central West Siberia

Paleontological study of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments recovered by boreholes in the Agan-Vakh and Nadym-Vengapur interfluves clarified environments of their deposition. As is shown, influx of siliciclastic material to central areas of the West Siberian sea basin varied through time. Taxonomic composition and ecological structure of nektonic and benthic fossil assemblages are analyzed and considered in terms of environmental factors such as hydrodynamics, aeration, temperature, and salinity of seawater.     

对西藏岗巴上白垩统的新认识

在前人研究的基础上对岗巴地区上白垩统的划分做了厘定 ,进一步建立了晚白垩世的 1 2个浮游有孔虫化石带。根据岩性特征及化石带的研究 ,上白垩统被划分为赛诺曼期至土仑早期的冷青热组 ;土仑中期至三冬期的岗巴村口组和康潘期至马斯特里赫特期的宗山组。该区赛诺曼期与土仑期的界线位于冷青热组上部 ,以 H elvetoglobotruncana praehelvetica的初现为标志。     

A new genus of Tanyderidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Myanmar amber,Upper Cretaceous

A new genus and species, Similinannotanyderus lii gen. et sp. nov., is described from Myanmar amber. It differs from other genera of Tanyderidae based on special characters of wing venation and male genitalia. This new taxon broadens the diversity of Tanyderidae in the Cretaceous, and its morphological characters enhance our understanding of the development and evolution of the primitive crane flies.     

Palynological characteristics of Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits on the west of the Sambian Peninsula (Kaliningrad region), Part 2

The results of studying dinocysts in the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene succession of the Kaliningrad region are considered. Distinguished in the succession are seven biostratigraphic units in the rank of the Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Chatangiella vnigrii, Cerodinium diebelii, Alisocysta margarita, Deflandrea oebisfeldensis, Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum, and Rhombodinium perforatum beds and one Charlesdowniea clathrata angulosa Zone. The Lyubavas Formation has not been distinguished on the west of the Sambian Peninsula. Ages of the Sambia, Alka, and Prussian formations are verified.     

塔里木盆地西南地区上白垩统生物丘

塔里木盆地西南部昆仑山前缘地区上白垩统依格孜牙组中发育一套固着蛤生物丘,横向上由西向东沿阿克彻依、乌依塔克、依格孜牙、吐依洛克、阿尔塔什至莫莫卡一线呈串珠状展布。丘基下部为潜在的生油岩———藻泥晶灰岩,上部为生物碎屑滩,主体丘核为簇状固着蛤灰岩,丘顶藻席可见清楚的上超。生物丘下伏地层及盖层均为膏泥岩,形成了一个顶底圈闭。     

Palynological characteristics of Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits on the west of the Sambian Peninsula (Kaliningrad region), Part 1

The results of studying dinocysts in the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene succession of the Kaliningrad region are considered. Distinguished in the succession are seven biostratigraphic units in the rank of the Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Chatangiella vnigrii, Cerodinium diebelii, Alisocysta margarita, Deflandrea oebisfeldensis, Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum, and Rhombodinium perforatum beds and one Charlesdowniea clathrata angulosa Zone.     

青藏高原晚白垩世地层区划

对青藏高原晚白垩世地层进行了系统的梳理,开展了青藏高原晚白垩世地层区划的初步研究,共划分出3个地层大区、12个地层区、12个地层分区。详细介绍了各个地层区的上白垩统的地层命名系统及发育情况,其中青藏高原北部祁连-柴达木-巴颜喀拉-羌塘地层大区主要为河湖相沉积的陆相地层系统;青藏高原中部班公湖-双湖-怒江地层大区主要为一套陆相磨拉石沉积地层;青藏高原南部冈底斯-喜马拉雅地层大区主要以海相地层、海陆过渡相地层为主。     

江西永丰—崇仁盆地上白垩统砾石岩性和磨圆度列联表分析及其对物源的指示

江西永丰—崇仁盆地上白垩统(包括河口组、塘边组和莲荷组)砾岩地层十分发育,是构成丹霞地貌的物质基础。利用砾石的岩性和磨圆度进行列联表分析,可以为沉积盆地物源判断提供依据。利用列联表分析方法对永丰—崇仁盆地上白垩统砾岩进行研究。砾石成分主要包括石英、酸性岩浆岩、变质岩和砂岩以及少量的泥质岩和灰岩。为了统计方便,将砾石磨圆度分组为棱角状和次棱角状(A+B)、次圆状(C)、圆状和极圆状(D+E)。若棱角状和次棱角状砾石观察值小于期望值,而圆状和极圆状砾石观察值大于期望值则说明砾石经历了较长的搬运距离;反之,则说明砾石搬运距离较短。通过联列表分析,结果显示:河口组砾岩具有多物源的特点,主要来自盆地边缘、鸡笼山、相山和玉华山以及盆地西北的长垅地区;塘边组砾岩主要来自盆地北部的尖顶峰山、玉华山一带以及盆地东南的丰山、新大山地区;莲荷组砾岩主要来自于金华山和嶂岭等盆地边缘地区,盆地北侧的鸡龙岗、松树岭以及东北部的灵谷岭地区。物源分析结果为该地区晚白垩世红盆的形成和演化规律的探讨提供了重要依据。     

Chalk thickness trends and the role of tectonic processes in the Upper Cretaceous of southern England

A series of six thickness maps created at a formation scale for the Chalk of the Southern and Transitional Chalk provinces of SE England reinforce the difficulty in determining the controls on Chalk deposition. However, at the broad scale, they do appear to show that thickness patterns in the Cenomanian to Turonian chalks of the West Melbury Marly Chalk, the Zig Zag Chalk and the Holywell Nodular Chalk show correspondence with the underlying Mesozoic extensional basin structure. The major exception to this is the south Dorset area which was uplifted in the Early Cretaceous as an eastern extension to the Cornubian Ridge. The younger New Pit Chalk and Lewes Nodular Chalk show a switch toward thicker successions on the London Platform and thinner, more uniform successions across the Mesozoic basins to the south. This change may indicate some initial basin inversion starting in the mid Turonian which caused a shift in the main locus of Chalk deposition toward East Anglia. The work potentially suggests multiple control-modes shaping the geometry of Chalk deposits, involving an interplay of: 1) long-lived basin-defining faults and structural blocks acting to shape large-scale thickness trends through differential compaction and interaction with relative sea level change; 2) smaller scale structures that may function to more effectively dissipate stress created by intra-Cretaceous tectonic events, producing more localised/sub-regional thickness and facies variations; 3) early basin inversion reflecting the broader basin-scale response to intra-Cretaceous tectonics, potentially responsible for regional shifts in patterns of sedimentation.     

The carinate bird Ichthyornis from the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico

A well-preserved right humerus collected from the upper Austin Group at Ejido Piedritas in Coahuila, Mexico is referable to the carinate bird Ichthyornis. This occurrence extends the known distribution of Ichthyornis to the southwest, and is among a younger (Coniacian-Campanian) group of specimens, recovered generally to the south of older (Cenomanian-Turonian) Ichthyornis specimens. The southward shift in occurrence of Ichthyornis may accord with the withdrawal of subtropical marine biota from the Western Interior Seaway of North America during the Late Cretaceous.     

辽西上白垩统大兴庄组地层层序及时代

辽宁西部白垩系上统大兴庄组主要分布于锦州、义县地区,在朝阳波罗赤、阜新碱锅等地也有零星出露。除阜新等地区为中基性火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩外,均为中酸性、酸性火山熔岩、熔岩碎屑岩、火山碎屑岩、火山碎屑沉积岩及次火山岩。角度不整合覆于白垩系下统义县组、九佛堂组、沙海组之上,平行不整合覆于白垩系孙家湾组之上,K—Ar同位素年龄值为80．83Ma,属晚白垩世。该期火山活动以爆发—喷溢交替进行为特点,间有次火山岩侵入,活动强度微弱,分布局限。     

Upper Cretaceous bottom current deposits,north-east Greenland

Reported ancient bottom current deposits in deep marine settings are scarce and most of them remain contentious. This study describes sedimentological, ichnological and petrographical characteristics of a drill core that covers ca 10 Myr of Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy at Hold with Hope, north-east Greenland. The core is divided into four facies associations, which are interpreted to reflect deposition from bottom currents, turbidity flows and hemipelagic settling in slope and/or near slope environments. The evidence for bottom current influence is three-fold. Firstly, pervasive indications of winnowing such as marine bioclast-rich lags and outsized clasts on ‘mud on mud’ contacts are suggestive of low-sediment concentration flows capable of transporting up to pebble-sized clasts. Common Mn–Fe–Mg rich carbonate matrix cements and various types of hiatal chemogenic lag deposits showing glauconite, apatite and carbonate clasts also point to condensation, prolonged exposure at the sediment–water interface and recurrent phases of sea-floor erosion. Secondly, such deposits can show indicators for tidal processes such as double mud-drapes, tangential bottom sets in dune-scale cross-bedding and cyclic rhythmites. Thirdly, inverse to normal grading at various scales is common in fully marine, commonly seafloor-derived sediments. Ichnological data indicate considerable taxonomic variability in the bottom current deposits, but recurrent fabrics are characteristically dominated by morphologically simple burrows such as Thalassinoides and Planolites, with secondary Phycosiphon, Nereites, Zoophycos and/or Chondrites. In general, opportunistic taxa are common whereas mature composite ichnofabrics are rare. The omission surfaces are locally burrowed with stiffground to firmground trace fossil suites. The results contribute to establishing sedimentological, ichnological and mineralogical criteria for recognition of bottom current deposits as well as to the understanding of the Late Cretaceous palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Arctic region.     

黑龙江嘉荫晚白垩世银杏属(Ginkgo)新材料

报道了产自黑龙江嘉荫晚白垩世太平林场组的两种银杏化石:具毛银杏(Ginkgo pilifera Samylina)及太平银杏(新种)(Ginkgo taipingensis sp.nov.)。新种以双面气孔式、上表皮具一定数量的气孔、普通表皮细胞垂周壁厚而弯曲、平周壁具毛状体散布以及下表皮普通表皮细胞垂周壁弯曲等特征,区别于其他已知银杏化石种。     

Structural geology of the Upper Cretaceous Chalk Central Mass, Isle of Wight, U.K.

Remapping the Chalk of the Central Chalk Mass of the Isle of Wight between Carisbrooke (Newport), Calbourne and Shalcombe, including the Bowcombe Valley, has identified a complex series of tectonic ‘rolls’ and ‘flats’ in a region that has been interpreted to be a relay ramp between the Needles and the Sandown faults. A major new WNW trending fault at Cheverton throws the Chalk down by >50 m to the SW in a 80-100 m wide zone of faulting within which some chalk blocks have near vertical dips. The fault location and trend closely follows the edge of the Cranbourne-Fordingbridge High and could also reflect, for the first time, the surface expression of part of the Needles Fault, a major inversion reverse fault. Located along this fault zone deep Quaternary weathering of the Chalk and Quaternary gravel deposits are present. The trend of the Cheverton Fault brings it towards Gotten Leaze where a groundwater pumping station is located and groundwater springs regularly cause flooding on the Brighstone-Calbourne Road. Analyses of the jointing in the Chalk show that stratabound fracture patterns typical of the Chalk formations elsewhere in Southern England are present in the Central Mass. In addition, there are numerous small faults along which valleys have formed. Tectonic structure and lithology have had a profound influence on the geomorphology and groundwater flow in the Chalk in the Central Mass.     

阿尔卑斯-喀尔巴阡上白垩统大洋红层特征与对比

在前人研究的基础上,从时代、岩性、古生物、沉积速率、沉积环境等方面对阿尔卑斯—喀尔巴阡地区的上白垩统大洋红层进行了详细对比,发现研究区内上白垩统大洋红层最早出露于Cenomanian期,最晚可延续至古近纪,且在Campanian期出露最为广泛,其岩性以灰岩、泥灰岩和含泥灰岩为主,生物化石以浮游有孔虫为主,沉积速率较低且在各地不尽相似,在CCD面上、下均可以出现,沉积环境一般是大陆边缘盆地、斜坡和大洋盆地等远洋、半远洋环境。通过比较分析,为进一步深入研究上白垩统大洋红层提供较为全面的基础资料。     

西藏塔惹增地区上白垩统竟柱山组的厘定及其意义

分布于塔惹增地区帕荣山一带的一套碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩,对其时代归属缺乏可靠的古生物化石,一直颇有争议.前人根据岩性将其归为古近系日贡拉组,通过对此套地层详细的剖面研究表明其时代为上白垩统竟柱山组,其沉积环境为残留海相沉积,此套地层的时代厘定,为研究怒江洋在该地区的关闭提供了重要的基础地质资料.     

Quantitative Biostratigraphic Analysis upon the Upper Cretaceous in Tethyan Himalaya

Biostratigraphic analysis is an essential element for understanding global tectonics and the evolution of life on Earth. Quantitative analysis of sedimentary sequences provides the precise age constraints on timing of significant events in Earth’s history. This paper presents results from quantitative stratigraphic analysis of Upper Cretaceous Tethyan Himalayan sequences. This analysis resulted in a new composite stratigraphic section for the Cretaceous strata of Tibet (TIBETKCS). The eight Upper Cretaceous sections were analyzed in this study and 12 planktonic foraminifera zones were recognized based on available data. Quantitative measurements were made using a Graphic Correlation with Graphcor 3.0 software and correlated to the world standard Cretaceous Composite Section (MIDKCS). The sections were also examined using Constrained Optimization software by CONOP9. Level Penalty was applied as the rule to measure misfit among automatically correlated sections. The new TIBETKCS correlates well with planktonic foraminifera ages from previous work in southern Tibet. A fitting equation of y=?0.19x+305 with a correlation coefficient of 0.94 was obtained from this work. The ages of the first and last appearances of 64 planktonic foraminifera can be calculated with this equation with ± 0.3 Ma precision. This level of precision is approximately 10 times higher than age determinations with traditional methods. Two extinction events were resolved within this analysis at ~93.5 Ma and ~85.5 Ma corresponding to the Ocean Anoxic Events at Cenomanian–Turonian and Coniacian–Santonian boundaries respectively.     

松辽盆地上白垩统陆相遗迹化石及其沉积环境

松辽盆地上白垩统中含有丰富的遗迹化石,通过对该盆地20余口取心井岩心的详细观察,发现了6大类动物遗迹化石15属20种。根据这些遗迹化石的分布规律,在松辽盆地上白垩统中划分出5种遗迹化石组合：（1）Scoyenia遗迹组合,主要成分有Scoyenia gracilis、Skolithos和Planolites,偶见停息迹化石,反映的是遭受周期性暴露的极浅水环境;（2）Skolithos遗迹组合,主要以Skolithos和Cylindricum十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,反映的是高能动水环境。（3）Arenicolites遗迹组合,主要以Arenicolites和Polykladichnus大量发育为特征,还见有Skolithos、Planolites、Thalassinoides和逃逸迹等化石,分异度较高,反映了水流能量较低的浅水环境;（4）Planolites遗迹组合,以密集分布的Planolites十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,见有少量指示缺氧环境的Chondrites化石,反映了水体较平静的还原环境;（5）Fuersichnus遗迹组合,主要由Fuersichnus、Glockeria、Gordia、Megagrapton和Planolites等遗迹分子构成,反映了相对平静的深水环境。     

羌塘盆地半岛湖地区上侏罗—下白垩统生物礁相碳酸盐岩对海水信息的保存性评估

有关海相碳酸盐成岩蚀变性及其对海水信息保存性的研究是一个未曾被人们重视的领域,从而限制了古海洋学及其相关学科的研究水平。近年来,这一研究领域逐渐得到学者们的重视。本文对羌塘盆地半岛湖地区上侏罗统-下白垩统生物礁相碳酸盐岩样品的微观组构观察、阴极发光分析、化学分析和同位素分析等研究表明,大部分样品都具有较低的Mn含量和较高的Sr含量,所有样品均具有较低的Mn/Sr比值,样品δ¹³C值和δ¹⁸O值分布范围波动较小。不同类型岩性对海水信息的保存性按含生屑泥晶灰岩→泥晶粒屑灰岩→粒屑泥晶灰岩→礁灰岩围岩部分→礁灰岩生物骨架部分的顺序依次变差。