Distribution of Selected Critical Elements in the Carboniferous Coal-bearing Series of the Upper Silesian and Lublin Coal Basins (Poland)

The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal-bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented.Critical elements such as Be,Mg,Si,P,Sc,V,Co,Y,Nb,In,Sb,La,Ce,Hf,Ta,W,Bi were analysed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP/MS).Concentrations of elements such as Sb,Bi,In and,to a slightly lesser extent,Nb,as well as Sc,show average concentrations higher than those from the upper continental crust.The average concentrations of elements like Hf,Mg,P,Y,La,and Ce are slightly lower than in the upper continental crust.Other elements,such as Be,Co,Si,Ta,W and V have average concentrations that are similar,but slightly enriched or slightly depleted,relative to the upper continental crust.The research showed enrichment of some critical elements in the analysed samples,but not high enough that extraction would be economically viable.Statistical methods,which include correlation coefficients between elements and cluster analysis,reveal a strong positive correlation between elements like Be,Bi,Nb,Sc,Ta,W and V.Very high,almost total,positive correlation is also noted between La and Ce.     

云南易门安宁禄丰主要铁矿床述要

引言易门安宁禄丰三县,为云南中部产铁区域,土炉冶炼,采挖已久,惟关於矿产之价值,矿床之种类,作科学之研究者,至近年来,始有其人,最初有法人来克里者,曾考察易门铁矿,     

云南矿产概论

云南矿产向称丰富,中外报告,言之屡矣。自抗战军兴,增加後方生产,为当务之急,于是滇省之地下富源,遂益为国人所重视。经济部地质调查所,西南联大地质系,本省建设厅及经济委员会等先後派员,实地测勘,所得结果俱极重要,惜多散见於分刊物及简报中,尚无概括之论述,足资一般之参考     

编者言

“地质论评”在中国地质学会困苦的支持下,八年来幸未间断。这是我们的领导当局之苦心,与工作同人之努力,所收的效果。对于学会出版物,黄汲清,尹建猷,谢季骅,李赓阳,王斐轩,及帮助编印诸君,都尽了不少义务。他们求学之专,生活之苦,检讨之严,服务之热,都到了可敬佩的地步。出版     

马以思女士事略

马以思女士原籍四川成都,先祖以经营金矿,举家迁居於东北边陲,女士於民国八年十月廿五日生於黑龙江,天资聪慧,幼年习日文颇有成就,九一八事变後,父伯严公携眷内迁,     

南嶺何在

长江流域和东西江流域,除了在广西的东北角兴安附近,曾用人工勾通水系而外,可以说是两个完全独立的排水区域,这两个区域的干流,大致成东西向,而在这两个区域之间,也有断断续续的山脉,形成天然的界线,这些山脉或分水岭,普     

盐边县攀枝花倒马坎铁矿成因

攀枝花及倒马坎,位盐边县西南,踞金沙江北岸。攀枝花山势陡峻,距江边约三公里,倒马坎山小坡平,即濒江干。铁矿藏量颇丰,质亦良佳,且密迩永仁煤田,及盐边县属乌拉阿卡坭红果等煤区,洵可大量开采,西南钢铁事业,至有望焉。     

关于甘肃及青海境内之第三纪红色地层

一、绪言在甘肃及青海境内,包括祁连山南北,秦岭以北,并六盘山东西地带,第三纪红色地层,颇佔重要地位,惟迄今对其命名,时代,及分层等尚末能一致,兹就著者各处观察所得,并与前人所论比较论证,期能获得进一步之认识。     

悼刘莊

刘莊先生字伊璜,山东泰安县人,生於民国八年,双亲早世,赖祖叔抚育成人;颖悟非凡,沈静寡言,乐交游,重情感。十二岁就读泰安省立第三初级中学;十五岁考入山东省立济南高级中学,课馀之暇,喜习纲球,技术甚精。旋於民国廿五     

追悼刘辉泗先生

二十六年冬,余奉调入江西地质调查所工作;时赣北战事紧张,所址迁移萍乡安源镇之葛仙寺,下车伊始,即与刘君辉泗相遇於葛仙寺下之山坡,君方自赣南调查归来,畅谈野外所见,滔滔不绝。及相处日久,尤慕其禀牲真挚,待人诚坦,不     

A survey of oil and gas wells in the Texas Gulf Coast,USA, and implications for geological sequestration of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Subsurface sequestration of CO₂ in oil and gas provinces where permanence of hydrocarbon accumulations has proven the reliability of potential traps is rightly seen as a solid option for containment of CO₂ atmospheric concentrations. However, one of the most promising provinces for carbon storage in North America, the Texas Gulf Coast, has also been heavily drilled for more than a century, puncturing many otherwise perfectly sound seals (>125,000 wells over ~50,000 km²). As a result, boreholes and, in particular, older abandoned wells could be major leakage pathways for sequestered CO₂. This article presents statistics on well spatial and depth distribution that have been drawn from public domain sources and relates these data to historical plugging and abandonment regulations in the Texas Gulf Coast. Surface-well density averages of 2.4 wells/km² can be locally much higher—but also much lower in larger areas. Average well penetration density drops to 0.27 and 0.05 well/km² below a depth of 2,440 and 3,660 m, respectively. Natural mitigating factors such as thief zones and heaving “shales” could also play a role in limiting the impact of these direct conduits to the shallow subsurface and surface.     

地热井成井技术研究

收集前人研究成果,结合多年从事地热井施工活动实践经验,以不同施工方案方例,初步探讨了目前国内地热钻井机中应用技术相对成熟的五种成井方法,为地热井施工提供参考依据和建议.     

多年冻土区第一井——舍尔金井

舍尔金井位于俄罗斯东西伯利亚萨哈共和国雅库茨克市中心,总深度为116.5 m,是多年冻土区第一口深度超过100 m的井。井的挖掘从筹划到完工（1837年）历时10年,是俄罗斯商人费多尔·舍尔金（φедор Шергин）为挖井取水而建造的。舍尔金井的温度资料无可辩驳地证明了多年冻土的存在,它不仅是重要的文化和历史遗产,还是多年冻土存在的重要证据及冻土学发展的见证。     

测井在天然气水合物勘探与评价中的应用

测井是水合物深入勘探阶段一钻探阶段的必要手段，已得到较好应用。文章综合介绍和分析了ODP204航次、加拿大西北马更些河三角洲地区Mallik5L-38井、IODP311航次及日本南海海槽等较新的水合物钻探调查的测井方法与技术，重点分析了核磁测井、电磁波测井及偶极横波测井等测井新技术在水合物勘探与评价中的应用，对测井方法在水合物勘探中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

气举反循环钻井技术在超深地热井钻探中的应用

本文通过地热钻井气举反循环施工实例,说明其钻井深度可以达到4000m以下的深度。     

Upscaled modeling of well singularity for simulating flow in heterogeneous formations

Subsurface flows are affected by geological variability over a range of length scales. The modeling of well singularity in heterogeneous formations is important for simulating flow in aquifers and petroleum reservoirs. In this paper, two approaches in calculating the upscaled well index to capture the effects of fine scale heterogeneity in near-well regions are presented and applied. We first develop a flow-based near-well upscaling procedure for geometrically flexible grids. This approach entails solving local well-driven flows and requires the treatment of geometric effects due to the nonalignment between fine and coarse scale grids. An approximate coarse scale well model based on a well singularity analysis is also proposed. This model, referred to as near-well arithmetic averaging, uses only the fine scale permeabilities at well locations to compute the coarse scale well index; it does not require solving any flow problems. These two methods are systematically tested on three-dimensional models with a variety of permeability distributions. It is shown that both approaches provide considerable improvement over a simple (arithmetic) averaging approach to compute the coarse scale well index. The flow-based approach shows close agreement to the fine scale reference model, and the near-well arithmetic averaging also offers accuracy for an appropriate range of parameters. The interaction between global flow and near-well upscaling is also investigated through the use of global fine scale solutions in near-well scale-up calculations.     

东海宝云亭三井热解录井方法应用研究的探讨

有机地化(热解)录井是一种新的录井方法,在东海的油气勘探工作中已得到较好的应用效果。在试油前能将录井资料进行综合整理与解释,随钻预测钻井中的含油气层段,为油气层位的确定提供依据。     

Well blowout rates and consequences in California Oil and Gas District 4 from 1991 to 2005: implications for geological storage of carbon dioxide

Well blowout rates in oil fields undergoing thermally enhanced recovery (via steam injection) in California Oil and Gas District 4 from 1991 to 2005 were on the order of 1 per 1,000 well construction operations, 1 per 10,000 active wells per year, and 1 per 100,000 shut-in/idle and plugged/abandoned wells per year. This allows some initial inferences about leakage of CO₂ via wells, which is considered perhaps the greatest leakage risk for geological storage of CO₂. During the study period, 9% of the oil produced in the United States was from District 4, and 59% of this production was via thermally enhanced recovery. There was only one possible blowout from an unknown or poorly located well, despite over a century of well drilling and production activities in the district. The blowout rate declined dramatically during the study period, most likely as a result of increasing experience, improved technology, and/or changes in safety culture. If so, this decline indicates the blowout rate in CO₂-storage fields can be significantly minimized both initially and with increasing experience over time. Comparable studies should be conducted in other areas. These studies would be particularly valuable in regions with CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and natural gas storage. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Formation of regolith-collapse sinkholes in southern Illinois: Interpretation and identification of associated buried cavities

Three regolith-collapse sinkholes formed near the Dongola Unit School and the Pentecostal Church in the southern Illinois village of Dongola (Union County) during the spring of 1993. The sinkholes appeared over a three-month period that coincided with development of a new municipal well. The new well was drilled through clay-rich, valley-fill sediment into karstified limestone bedrock. The piezometric surface of the limestone aquifer is above land surface, indicating the presence of an upward hydraulic gradient in the valley and that the valley fill is acting as a confining unit. Pumping during development of the well lowered the piezometric surface of the limestone aquifer to an elevation below the base of the valley fill. It is hypothesized that drainage of water from the sediments, the resulting loss of hydrostatic pressure and buoyant force in overlying sediments, increased intergranular pressure, and the initiation of groundwater flow toward the well resulted in rapid sediment transport, subsurface erosion, and collapse of the valley-fill sediment. The sinkholes follow an approximately east-west alignment, which is consistent with one of the two dominant alignments of passages of nearby joint-controlled caves. A constant electrode-separation resistivity survey of the school playground was conducted to locate areas that might contain incipient sinkholes. The survey revealed a positive resistivity anomaly trending N75E in the southern part of the study area. The anomaly is linear, between 5 and 10 m wide, and its trend either intersects or is immediately adjacent to the three sinkholes. The anomaly is interpreted to be a series of pumping-induced cavities in the valley-fill sediments that formed over a preexisting crevice in the karstified bedrock limestone.